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Increasing Nighttime Seatbelt Usage Rates: An Evaluation of Enforcement, Education, and Outreach Strategies Shashi Nambisan Jerry Everett, Matt Cate Center for Transportation Research University of Tennessee, Knoxville Tennessee Section ITE

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Increasing Nighttime Seatbelt Usage Rates: An Evaluation of Enforcement, Education, and Outreach Strategies

Shashi Nambisan Jerry Everett, Matt Cate Center for Transportation Research University of Tennessee, Knoxville Tennessee Section ITE Spring 2015 Meeting Kingsport, TN May 21, 2015

SLIDE 2

Project Overview

3-year CDC funded research project
Additional support from TN GHSO
Target age group: 16-34 year olds
Study area: 5 east TN counties + control county
Community support/participation is key
Lessons learned to be shared across US

SLIDE 3

Study Setting and Potential Observation Sites

SLIDE 4

Seatbelts Save Lives

Use of seatbelts save > 15,000 annually
Statewide ave. daytime SB use rate in TN ~88 %
Nighttime seatbelt usage rate ~ 15 % lower
Studies show that about half of TN highway

traffic crash fatalities are unbuckled

=> 50% of the traffic fatalities come from 12% of
ur population

SLIDE 5

TN Seat Belt Usage 2000-2014

35% 40% 45% 50% 55% 60% 65% 70% 75% 80% 85% 90% 95%

2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 Usage Rate Year All Vehicles Cars Pickup Trucks Vans SUVs

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Average: TN vs National

10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013

Tennessee National Avg

SLIDE 7

CTR Survey Research Findings

Seat belt usage tends to be lower for those

With a high school education or less (vs. college)
Who are black or Asian (vs. Caucasian)
Who are between the ages of 18-45
Who earn less than $30K/year
Who drive pick up trucks

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Develop, implement, and evaluate a pilot program which
combines increased targeted nighttime seatbelt use enforcement and
broad community-based outreach & education (O&E) activities including

paid media campaigns

Assess how such interventions
affect nighttime seatbelt usage rates and impaired driving
are related to socio-demographic, spatial, and temporal characteristics
affect other traffic violations
are related to other societal indicators of public safety
influence morbidity and mortality due to such crashes

Project Aims

SLIDE 9

Centers for Disease Control and Injury Prevention
Prof. Mack Shelley, Iowa State University (Statistician)
Tombras, Knoxville, TN (Advertising and media)
Law Enforcement Agencies: State and Local
TDOT and TDOS
Hospitality industry
University of Tennessee
Athletics, Greek Communities, College of Business, ITE Student Chapter
Colleges and High-Schools
Health Departments and Programs
Arenas, Coliseums, Stadia
Conventions and Professional Sports: Baseball, Hockey
Others??: Regal Cinemas, UT Honors Council, Retail outlets

Collaborators and Partners

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Study Area: All MV Citations

5,000 10,000 15,000 20,000 25,000 30,000 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 All Citations Year (2003 - 2012) Blount Knox Loudon Roane Sevier Rutherford

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Study Area: Seat Belt Citations

500 1000 1500 2000 2500 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 Number of Seat Belt Citations Year (2003-2012) Blount Knox Loudon Roane Sevier Rutherford

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Study Area: % Seat Belt Citations

0.0% 2.0% 4.0% 6.0% 8.0% 10.0% 12.0% 14.0% 16.0% 18.0% 20.0% 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 % Citations Issued for Restraint Law Violations Year (2003 - 2012) Blount Knox Loudon Roane Sevier Rutherford

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Crash Rates Per 100,000 Drivers

0.1 0.2 0.3 Blount Knox Loudon Roane Sevier Rutherford Rate Fatal Crash Rate 5 10 15 Blount Knox Loudon Roane Sevier Rutherford Rate Injury Crash Rate

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Phased approach for targeted nighttime enforcement activities and

O&E efforts

Coordinate schedules for broadcast and social media based O&E

efforts with existing efforts

Targeted enforcement activities similar to those for DUI enforcement
saturation patrols
check-points
Typical timeline for enforcement activities and O&E intervention

Intervention and Evaluation

SLIDE 15

Baseline SB Usage Rates

10 20 30 40 50 60 70

Blount Knoxville Loudon Roane Sevier

% of Each Type of Vehicle

Vehicle Types Observed

Car Truck SUV Van 657 1317 1018 419 941

SLIDE 16

Baseline SB Usage Rates: By Gender

10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100

Blount Knoxville Loudon Roane Sevier All

% of Drivers Belted Seat Belt Usage Based - County

% of Male Drivers Belted % of Female Drivers Belted

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Baseline SB Usage Rates: By County

20 40 60 80 100 Blount Knoxville Loudon Roane Sevier All % of Drivers Belted

Seat Belt Usage - Counties Car Truck SUV Van All Vehicle

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Baseline SB Usage Rates: By Vehicle Type

0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90%

Car Truck SUV Van All Vehicle

% of Drivers Belted

Vehicle Type Blount Knoxville Loudon Roane Sevier All

SLIDE 19

Schedule

Activity

2014 2015

Dec Jan Feb Mar April

May

June July Aug Sept Oct Nov Dec

Intercept/Phone Surveys Seatbelt Surveys

Pilot Before During After/Before After Before After Before After After Before

GHSO Campaigns

CIOT Summer Heat

Law Enforcement Activity Advise Backup Assist with Data Collection Additional locations Saturation Patrols Check Points Outreach & Education Broadcast Media Targeted Digital Media

Pilot Test

Community-based