Income me, Poverty ty, a and H nd Health h Insurance ce: 2 : - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Income me, Poverty ty, a and H nd Health h Insurance ce: 2 : 2018

September 2019

URL: http://www.census.gov/newsroom/press-kits/2019/income_poverty.html

Presen enter ers

Host Michael C. Cook, Sr. Chief, Public Information Office Presenters David G. Waddington Chief, Social, Economic, and Housing Statistics Division Trudi J. Renwick Assistant Division Chief, Economic Characteristics Liana E. Fox Statistician, Social, Economic, and Housing Statistics Division Laryssa Mykyta Chief, Health and Disability Statistics Branch

3

4

• Data are based on the

Current Population Survey’s Annual Social and Economic Supplement (CPS ASEC) from March 2019.

• CPS ASEC is the official

source of national poverty estimates.

• Official poverty estimates

are calculated in accordance with OMB Statistical Policy Directive 14.

5

• Includes data from the Current Population

Survey’s Annual Social and Economic Supplement (CPS ASEC) and the American Community Survey (ACS).

• ACS is the recommended source for smaller

populations and levels of geography.

6

Important C CPS A S ASEC Su Survey U Updates

The CPS ASEC has undergone a redesign of the questionnaire and data processing system. Questionnaire design changes incorporated over the period of 2014 to 2016:

• Updated income and means-tested benefit questions
• Redesigned health insurance questions
• Expanded family relationship categories

6

Important C CPS A S ASEC Su Survey U Updates

The CPS ASEC has undergone a redesign of the questionnaire and data processing system. Questionnaire design changes incorporated over the period of 2014 to 2016:

• Updated income and means-tested benefit questions
• Redesigned health insurance questions
• Expanded family relationship categories

Data processing changes reflected for the first time this year:

• Improvements to how income data is edited and imputed
• More comprehensive and consistent treatment of families
• Expanded data on health insurance coverage and sources

7

Important Reminders for Today’s P Presentations

In today’s presentations:

• Estimates for 2017 and 2018 reflect the updated processing

system.

• 2017 estimates may differ from those published last year.

For more information:

• CPS ASEC Redesign & Processing Changes website:

https://census.gov/data/datasets/time-series/demo/income- poverty/cps-asec-design.html

• Pre-release webinar on improvements to the CPS ASEC and

implications for estimates: https://www.census.gov/data/academy/webinars.html

Real M Median H Household I Income: 1967 to 2018 018

Note: The data for 2017 and beyond reflect the implementation of an updated CPS ASEC processing system. The data for 2013 and beyond reflect the implementationof the redesigned income questions. Income rounded to nearest $100. Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Current Population Survey, 1968 to 2019 Annual Social and Economic Supplements.

8

Median household income was $63,200 in 2018, not statistically different from the 2017 median, following three consecutive years

• f annual increases.

10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 1967 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2018 Income in thousands (2018 dollars) Recession

$63, 63,200 00 $47, 47,100 00

Poverty R Rate and Number in P Poverty: 1959 959 to

• 2018

018

Note: The data for 2017 and beyond reflect the implementation of an updated CPS ASEC processing system. The data for 2013 and beyond reflect the implementationof the redesigned income questions. Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Current Population Survey, 1960 to 2019 Annual Social and Economic Supplements.

9

The official poverty rate in 2018 was 11.8 percent, down 0.5 percentage points from 2017. In 2018, there were 38.1 million people in poverty, a decrease of 1.4 million people from 2017.

Percent Recession 5 10 15 20 25 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 1959 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2018 Numbers in millions

Poverty r rate 22.4% 4% 11.8% 8% Num umber i in po n poverty 39.5 5 million 38.1 1 million

1959 39.5 22.4 1989 31.5 12.8 2017 39.7 12.3 November 1948 October 1949 1960 39.9 22.2 1990 33.6 13.5 2017 7 39.6 12.3 July 1953 May 1954 1961 39.6 21.9 1991 35.7 14.2 2018 38.1 11.8 August 1957 April 1958 1962 38.6 21.0 19921 38.0 14.8 April 1960 February 1961 1963 36.4 19.5 1993 39.3 15.1 December 1969 November 1970 1964 36.1 19.0 1994 38.1 14.5 November 1973 March 1975 1965 33.2 17.3 1995 36.4 13.8 January 1980 July 1980 1966 28.5 14.7 1996 36.5 13.7 July 1981 November 1982 1967 27.8 14.2 1997 35.6 13.3 July 1990 March 1991 1968 25.4 12.8 1998 34.5 12.7 March 2001 November 2001 1969 24.1 12.1 19992 32.8 11.9 December 2007 June 2009 1970 25.4 12.6 20002 31.6 11.3 Source: National Bureau of Economic Research 1971 25.6 12.5 2001 32.9 11.7 Cambridge, MA 02138 1972 24.5 11.9 2002 34.6 12.1 <www.nber.gov> 1973 23.0 11.1 2003 35.9 12.5 1974 23.4 11.2 20043 37.0 12.7 1975 25.9 12.3 2005 37.0 12.6 1976 25.0 11.8 2006 36.5 12.3 1977 24.7 11.6 2007 37.3 12.5 1978 24.5 11.4 2008 39.8 13.2 1979 26.1 11.7 2009 43.6 14.3 1980 29.3 13.0 20104 46.3 15.1

12,784

1981 31.8 14.0 2011 46.2 15.0

13,064

1982 34.4 15.0 2012 46.5 15.0

12,043

1983 35.3 15.2 20135 45.3 14.5 1984 33.7 14.4 20136 46.3 14.8

16,247

1985 33.1 14.0 2014 46.7 14.8

16,896

1986 32.4 13.6 2015 42.1 13.5

15,190

1987 32.2 13.4 2016 40.6 12.7 1988 31.7 13.0 2016 7 40.8 12.8

19,985 25,701

30,459

34,533

2000-based population controls and a 28,000 household sample expansion.

39,194

43,602

Poverty and Health Insurance report due to adjustments to the weights.

51,393

Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Current Population Survey, 1960 to 2019 Annual Social and Economic Supplements. For information on confidentiality protection, sampling error, nonsampling error, and definitions, see <www2.census.gov/programs-surveys/cps/techdocs/cpsmar19.pdf>. Threshold

Recessions

Year

Weighted Average Poverty Thresholds in 2018

Peak month Trough month Year

Poverty Rate and Number in Poverty: 1959 to 2018

(Numbers in millions, Rates in percent) Number in Poverty Poverty Rate Year Number in Poverty Poverty Rate Year Householder 65 years and older Householder under 65 years Two people 65 years and older Size of family unit Year Number in Poverty Poverty Rate Seven people

received the redesigned income questions, approximately 30,000 addresses.

insurance coverage. All of the approximately 98,000 addresses were eligible to receive the redesigned set of health insurance coverage questions. The redesigned income questions were implemented to a subsample of these 98,000 addresses using a probability split panel design. Approximately 68,000 addresses were eligible to receive a set of income questions similar to those used in the 2013 CPS ASEC and the remaining 30,000 addresses were eligible to receive the redesigned income

• questions. The source of these 2013 estimates is the portion of the CPS ASEC

sample which received the income questions consistent with the 2013 CPS ASEC, approximately 68,000 addresses. Under 65 years Eight people Nine people or more Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Current Population Survey, 2019 Annual Social and Economic Supplement. Three people Four people Five people Six people One person (unrelated individual)

13.0 14.2 12.4 13.6 12.8 13.7 12.2 13.6

All People Under 18 years 18 to 64 years 65 years and older

Com

• mparison
• n o
• f SPM P

Pov

• verty Estimates: 2017

017 and 2018 018

Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Current Population Survey, 2018 and 2019 Annual Social and Economic Supplements.

(In Percent) 2018 2017

10

The Supplemental Poverty Measure (SPM) rate in 2018 was 12.8 percent. This is not statistically different from the 2017 SPM rate of 13.0 percent.

Note: The data for 2018 reflect the implementation of an updated CPS ASEC processing system. Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Current Population Survey, 2018 Annual Social and Economic Supplement Bridge File and 2019 Annual Social and Economic Supplement.

11

The percentage of people without health insurance coverage for the entire calendar year was 8.5 percent, a 0.5 percentage-point increase from

• 2017. In 2018, 27.5 million

people did not have health insurance coverage, an increase

• f 1.9 million people.

2017 2018

Percent Uninsured 8.5 7.9 +0.5

2017 2018

Number Uninsured (in millions) 25.6 27.5 +1.9 million

Health Insurance Cove verage: 2 : 2017 017 and 2018 018

Income me and P nd Poverty ty: 2 2018

September 2019

URL: http://www.census.gov/newsroom/press- kits/2019/income_poverty.html

Presen enter er

Trudi J. Renwick

Assistant Division Chief, Economic Characteristics Social, Economic, and Housing Statistics Division

• Median household income was $63,200 in 2018, not

statistically different from the 2017 median.

• The 2018 real median earnings of men ($55,300) and

women ($45,100) who worked full-time, year-round increased 3.4 percent and 3.3 percent, respectively, between 2017 and 2018.

• The number of full-time, year-round workers

increased by 2.3 million, between 2017 and 2018. The number of men and women full-time, year- round workers increased by about 700,000 and 1.6 million, respectively.

High ghligh ghts ts

Income rounded to nearest $100. Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Current Population Survey, 2018 and 2019 Annual Social and Economic Supplements.

I&P-1

Real M Median H Household I Income: 1967 to 2018

10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 1967 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2013 2018 Income in thousands (2018 dollars) Recession

$63, 63,200 00

Note: The data for 2017 and beyond reflect the implementation of an updated CPS ASEC processing system. The data for 2013 and beyond reflect the implementationof the redesigned income questions. Income rounded to nearest $100. Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Current Population Survey, 1968 to 2019 Annual Social and Economic Supplements.

I&P-2

$47, 47,100 00

Real M Median H Household I Income: 1967 to 2018

10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 1967 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2013 2018

Traditional m median Redesigned m median Upda pdated processing median an

Income in thousands (2018 dollars) Recession

$47, 47,100 00

Note: The data for 2017 and beyond reflect the implementation of an updated CPS ASEC processing system. The data for 2013 and beyond reflect the implementationof the redesigned income questions. Income rounded to nearest $100. Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Current Population Survey, 1968 to 2019 Annual Social and Economic Supplements.

I&P-3

$63, 63,200 00

RedesignedHousehol

• ld Incom
• me Com
• mparison
• n: 1999 to
• 2018

018

Income in thousands (2018 dollars) Recession

Note: The data for 2017 and beyond reflect the implementation of an updated CPS ASEC processing system. The data for 2013 and beyond reflect the implementationof the redesigned income questions. Income rounded to nearest $100. Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Current Population Survey, 2000 to 2019 Annual Social and Economic Supplements.

50 55 60 65 70 1999 2007 2013 2018

Traditional m median Redesigned m median Adjusted m median $62, 62,700 00 $63, 63,200 00

I&P-4

$63, 63,200 00 Upda pdated processing median an

Real al Median Household I Income b by Race a and Hispanic Origin of

• f Hou
• useholder: 1967 t

to

• 2018

018

Income in thousands (2018 dollars) Recession 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 1967 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2013 2018

Hispanic ( (any r race) Asian an Black $87, 87,200 00 $70, 70,600 00 $41, 41,400 00 $51, 51,500 00 Non-Hispanic W White $68, 68,300 00 $55, 55,500 00 $41, 41,300 00 $28, 28,500 00

Note: The data for 2017 and beyond reflect the implementation of an updated CPS ASEC processing system. The data for 2013 and beyond reflect the implementationof the redesigned income questions. Income rounded to nearest $100. Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Current Population Survey, 1968 to 2019 Annual Social and Economic Supplements.

I&P-5

10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100

52. 2.0 22. 2.6 14. 4.1 8.3 .3

3.1 .1

Highest q quintile Fourth q quintile Third q quintile Secondquintile Lowe west q quintile

Sh Shares o

• f Aggregate Household I

Income b by Quintile: 2018 018

Percent of aggregate income

20% 20% 20% 20% 20%

All Households I&P-6

Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Current Population Survey, 2019 Annual Social and Economic Supplements.

10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100

Highest quintile Fourth quintile Third quintile Second quintile Lowest quintile 22. 2.6 14. 4.1 8.3 .3

3.1 .1

23.1

23.1

Percent of aggregate income I&P-7

Sh Shares o

• f Aggregate Household I

Income b by Quintile: 2018 018

23. 3.1 Top 5 5% 52. 2.0

Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Current Population Survey, 2019 Annual Social and Economic Supplements.

Gini I Index of

• f Mon
• ney I

Income: 1967 t to

• 2018

018

0.300 0.350 0.400 0.450 0.500 0.550 0.600 1967 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2013 2018

0.486 86 0.397 97 Gini inde ndex

Note: The data for 2017 and beyond reflect the implementation of an updated CPS ASEC processing system. The data for 2013 and beyond reflect the implementation of the redesigned income questions. In 1993, there was a change in data collection methodology. Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Current Population Survey, 1968 to 2019 Annual Social and Economic Supplements.

Recession I&P-8

20 40 60 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2018 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2018

Real M Median Earnings: 1960 960 t to 2018 018

Note: The data for 2017 and beyond reflect the implementation of an updated CPS ASEC processing system. The data for 2013 and beyond reflect the implementationof the redesigned income questions. Earnings rounded to nearest $100. Workers aged 15 and older. Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Current Population Survey, 1961 to 2019 Annual Social and Economic Supplements.

$46, 46,700 00 $32, 32,700 00

Recession

$55, 55,300 00 $45, 45,100 00

Earnings in thousands (2018 dollars)

Males es Fem emales es Males es Fem emales es

I&P-9

Total workers Full-time, year-round workers

40 50 60 70 80 90 100 1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2018

Fem emale-to-mal ale earnings r ratio 81.6% 6% 60.7% 7%

Fem emale-to-Mal ale Ear arnings R Rat atio: 1 1960 0 to 2018 018

(Full-time, year-round workers, aged 15 and older)

Ratio in percent Recession I&P-10

Note: The data for 2017 and beyond reflect the implementation of an updated CPS ASEC processing system. The data for 2013 and beyond reflect the implementationof the redesigned income questions. Workers aged 15 and

• lder.

Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Current Population Survey, 1961 to 2019 Annual Social and Economic Supplements.

10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 1967 1980 1990 2000 2010 2018

Workers with E Earnings b by Sex: : 1967 967 t to 2018 018

Numbers in millions Recession

50.8 8 million 88.1 1 million 79.4 4 million 67.2 m million

1967 1980 1990 2000 2010 2018

Males es Fem emales es Males es Fem emales es

I&P-11

Total workers Full-time, year-round workers

Note: The data for 2017 and beyond reflect the implementation of an updated CPS ASEC processing system. The data for 2013 and beyond reflect the implementationof the redesigned income questions. Workers aged 15 and

• lder.

Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Current Population Survey, 1968 to 2019 Annual Social and Economic Supplements.

Note: The data for 2017 and beyond reflect the implementation of an updated CPS ASEC processing system. The data for 2013 and beyond reflect the implementationof the redesigned income questions. Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Current Population Survey, 1960 to 2019 Annual Social and Economic Supplements.

5 10 15 20 25 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 1959 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2018 Numbers in millions

Poverty R Rate and Number in P Poverty: 1959 959 t to 2018 018

Percent

38.1 1 million

Recession

Poverty r rate 22.4% 4% 11.8% 8% 39.5 5 million Num umber i in po n poverty

I&P-12

1959 39.5 22.4 1989 31.5 12.8 20177 39.6 12.3 November 1948 October 1949 1960 39.9 22.2 1990 33.6 13.5 2018 38.1 11.8 July 1953 May 1954 1961 39.6 21.9 1991 35.7 14.2 August 1957 April 1958 1962 38.6 21.0 19921 38.0 14.8 April 1960 February 1961 1963 36.4 19.5 1993 39.3 15.1 December 1969 November 1970 1964 36.1 19.0 1994 38.1 14.5 November 1973 March 1975 1965 33.2 17.3 1995 36.4 13.8 January 1980 July 1980 1966 28.5 14.7 1996 36.5 13.7 July 1981 November 1982 1967 27.8 14.2 1997 35.6 13.3 July 1990 March 1991 1968 25.4 12.8 1998 34.5 12.7 March 2001 November 2001 1969 24.1 12.1 19992 32.8 11.9 December 2007 June 2009 1970 25.4 12.6 20002 31.6 11.3 Source: National Bureau of Economic Research 1971 25.6 12.5 2001 32.9 11.7 Cambridge, MA 02138 1972 24.5 11.9 2002 34.6 12.1 <www.nber.gov> 1973 23.0 11.1 2003 35.9 12.5 1974 23.4 11.2 20043 37.0 12.7 1975 25.9 12.3 2005 37.0 12.6 1976 25.0 11.8 2006 36.5 12.3 1977 24.7 11.6 2007 37.3 12.5 1978 24.5 11.4 2008 39.8 13.2 1979 26.1 11.7 2009 43.6 14.3 1980 29.3 13.0 20104 46.3 15.1

12,784

1981 31.8 14.0 2011 46.2 15.0

13,064

1982 34.4 15.0 2012 46.5 15.0

12,043

1983 35.3 15.2 20135 45.3 14.5 1984 33.7 14.4 20136 46.3 14.8

16,247

1985 33.1 14.0 2014 46.7 14.8

16,896

1986 32.4 13.6 2015 42.1 13.5

15,190

1987 32.2 13.4 2016 40.6 12.7 1988 31.7 13.0 2017 39.7 12.3

19,985 25,701 30,459 34,533 39,194 43,602 51,393

65 years and older

income questions, approximately 30,000 addresses. Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Current Population Survey, 1960 to 2019 Annual Social and Economic

• Supplements. For information on confidentiality protection, sampling error, nonsampling error, and definitions, see

<www2.census.gov/programs-surveys/cps/techdocs/cpsmar19.pdf>.

approximately 98,000 addresses were eligible to receive the redesigned set of health insurance coverage

• questions. The redesigned income questions were implemented to a subsample of these 98,000 addresses using

a probability split panel design. Approximately 68,000 addresses were eligible to receive a set of income questions similar to those used in the 2013 CPS ASEC and the remaining 30,000 addresses were eligible to receive the redesigned income questions. The source of these 2013 estimates is the portion of the CPS ASEC sample which received the income questions consistent with the 2013 CPS ASEC, approximately 68,000 addresses.

population controls and a 28,000 household sample expansion.

Insurance report due to adjustments to the weights. Year Number in Poverty Poverty Rate Seven people

Under 65 years Eight people Nine people or more Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Current Population Survey, 2019 Annual Social and Economic Supplement. Three people Four people Five people Six people Householder 65 years and older Householder under 65 years Two people

Poverty Rate and Number in Poverty: 1959 to 2018

(Numbers in millions, Rates in percent) Number in Poverty Poverty Rate Year Number in Poverty Poverty Rate Year One person (unrelated individual) Threshold

Recessions

Year

Weighted Average Poverty Thresholds in 2018

Peak month Trough month Year Size of family unit

Pover erty Rates es b by Race a e and H Hispanic Origin: 1 : 1959 959 t to 2018 018

10 20 30 40 50 60 70 1959 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2018 Percent

Non-Hispanic W White Hispanic ( (any race ce) Black 55.1% 1% 22.8% 8% 7.5% %

Recession

17.6% 6% 8.1% 1% 20.8% 8%

Note: The data for 2017 and beyond reflect the implementation of an updated CPS ASEC processing system. The data for 2013 and beyond reflect the implementationof the redesigned income questions. Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Current Population Survey, 1960 to 2019 Annual Social and Economic Supplements.

I&P-13

10.1% 1% 16.1% 1% Asian an

Poverty Rates by Race1 and Hispanic Origin: 1959 to 2018

Recessions

Pover erty Rates es b by Age: e: 1959 t to 2018 018

5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 1959 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2018

Aged 1 18 to 64 64 Unde nder age 1 e 18 17.0% 0% 27.3% 3% 35.2% 2% Aged 6 65 a and nd older er 16.2% 2% 10.7% 7% 9.7% 7%

Note: The data for 2017 and beyond reflect the implementation of an updated CPS ASEC processing system. The data for 2013 and beyond reflect the implementationof the redesigned income questions. Data for people aged 18 to 64 and 65 and older are not available from 1960 to 1965. Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Current Population Survey, 1960 to 2019 Annual Social and Economic Supplements.

I&P-14 Recession Percent

Family P Pove verty R Rate tes b by T Type: 1 : 1959 959 to 2 2018 018

42. 2.6% 18. 8.5% 5.3 .3% 10. 0.7%

5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 2018 2010 2005 2000 1995 1990 1985 1980 1975 1970 1965 1959

All f families Married c couple Male h householder, n no s spouse Female ho hous useho holde der, no no spo pous use

Note: The data for 2017 and beyond reflect the implementation of an updated CPS ASEC processing system. The data for 2013 and beyond reflect the implementationof the redesigned income questions. Data for Married Couple Families and Male Householder Families are not available from 1960 to 1973. Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Current Population Survey, 1960 to 2019 Annual Social and Economic Supplements.

I&P-15 Recession Percent

24.9% 9% 12.7% 7% 9.0% 0% 4.7% 7%

29.4% 4%

Fem emale e Househ eholder er F Family Pover erty b by Race: e: 1 1967 to 2 2018

21. 1.5% 51. 1.4% 56. 56.3%

10 20 30 40 50 60

2018 2010 2005 2000 1995 1990 1985 1980 1975 1970 1967

Non-Hispanic W White Black Hispanic ( (any r race)

Note: The data for 2017 and beyond reflect the implementation of an updated CPS ASEC processing system. The data for 2013 and beyond reflect the implementationof the redesigned income questions. Data availability for Female Householder Families by race varies from 1967 to 1974. Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Current Population Survey, 1968 to 2019 Annual Social and Economic Supplements.

Recession Percent I&P-16

30.8% 8% 19.7% 7%

Pove verty ty Rate tes by R Region: 2 : 2017 017 t to 2 2018 018

2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16

North Midwest South West

2017 2018

• 1.1

Note: Label indicatesstatistically different from zero change between 2017 and 2018 at the 90 percent confidence

• level. The data for 2017 and beyond reflect the implementation of an updated CPS ASEC processing system. The

data for 2013 and beyond reflect the implementationof the redesigned income questions. Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Current Population Survey, 2018 and 2019 Annual Social and Economic Supplements.

Percent I&P-17

• 0.9
• 0.7

Not statistically different

Percent-point difference (2018-2017) Characteristic 2017 2018 Difference Northeast 11.3 10.3

• 1.1

Midwest 11.2 10.4

• 0.9

South 13.5 13.6 0.1 West 11.9 11.2

• 0.7

Comparison of Regional Poverty Rates: 2017 and 2018

Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Current Population Survey, 2018 and 2019 Annual Social and Economic Supplements. For information on confidentiality protection, sampling error, nonsampling error, and definitions, see <www2.census.gov/programs- surveys/cps/techdocs/cpsmar19.pdf>.

• Income and Poverty in the United States:

2018

• Detailed and historical tables
• Poverty thresholds
• America Counts: Stories Behind the

Numbers

• “U.S. Median Household Income Was $63,179

in 2018, Not Significantly Different From 2017”

• “Poverty Rate for Female Householders and

their Families Lowest on Record”

• “Payday, Poverty, and Women”

For m mor

• re i

infor formation

• n:

I&P-18

<https://www.census.gov/library/publications/2019/demo/p60-266.html>

Supplemental P Poverty M Measure: 2 2018

September 2019

URL: http://www.census.gov/newsroom/press-kits/2019/income-poverty.html

Presen enter er

Liana E. Fox

Statistician Social, Economic, and Housing Statistics Division

• The Supplemental Poverty Measure (SPM) rate in

2018 was 12.8 percent. This is not statistically different from the 2017 SPM rate of 13.0 percent.

• The SPM rate for 2018 was 1.0 percentage points

higher than the official poverty rate of 11.8 percent.

• There were 15 states plus the District of Columbia

for which SPM rates were higher than official poverty rates, 24 states with lower rates, and 11 states for which the differences were not statistically significant.

High ghligh ghts ts

Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Current Population Survey, 2018 and 2019 Annual Social and Economic Supplements.

SPM-1

Official a and SP SPM Thresholds f for U Units with Two Adults and T Two C Children

$25,465 $28,342 $24,173 $28,166

Offic icia ial poverty measu sure Owners wit ith a a mortgage ge Owners wit ithout a a mortgage ge Ren enter ers

Supplem emen ental P Pover erty M Mea easure Thresholds, 2 2018

Source: Official Poverty Thresholds, <www.census.gov/data/tables/time-series/demo/income-poverty/historical- poverty-thresholds.html>, Supplemental Poverty Measure Thresholds, Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS), <https://stats.bls.gov/pir/spmhome.htm>, Geographic adjustments based on housing costs from the American Community Survey 2012-2016.

Supplemental P Poverty M Measure T Thresholds f for R Renters, 2 2018 SPM-2

13.0 14.2 12.4 13.6 12.8 13.7 12.2 13.6

All People Under 18 years 18 to 64 years 65 years and older

Com

• mparison
• n o
• f SPM P

Pov

• verty Estimates: 2017

017 and 2018 018

Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Current Population Survey, 2018 and 2019 Annual Social and Economic Supplements.

(In Percent) SPM-3 2018 2017

Comparison o

• f SPM a

and Official P Poverty Estimates: 2018

1 Includes unrelated individuals under age 15.

Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Current Population Survey, 2019 Annual Social and Economic Supplement.

11.8 16.2 10.7 9.7 12.8 13.7 12.2 13.6

All People Under 18 years 18 to 64 years 65 years and older SPM Official1 SPM-4 (In Percent)

Percent 15.1 12.8 11.8 14.5 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018

Poverty Rat ates es U Usin ing t the O e Offic icial al M Mea easure e and t the e SPM: 200 2009 to 201 2018

1 Includes unrelated individuals under the age of 15.

Note: The data for 2017 and beyond reflect the implementation of an updated processing system. The data for 2013 and beyond reflect the implementation of the redesigned income questions. Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Current Population Survey, 2010-2019 Annual Social and Economic Supplements.

SPM-5

Official1 SPM

Differ erence i e in Pover erty R Rates es b by State U e Using the O e Official M Measure e and t the SP SPM: 3 3-Year A Average 2 2016 t 016 to 2 2018 018

1 Includes unrelated individuals under age 15.

Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Current Population Survey, 2017 to 2019 Annual Social and Economic Supplements.

SPM-6

Change in Number o

• f People i

in Poverty A After Including Each Element: 2018 018

• 8.9

.9

• 3.2

.2

• 2.9

.9

• 3.0

.0

• 0.8

.8

• 1.4

.4

• 0.4

.4

• 0.4

.4

• 0.2

.2

• 0.1

.1

• 0.3

.3 0.3 1.2 4.8 5.7 8.0

Refundable tax credits SNAP SSI Housing subsidies Child support received School lunch TANF/general assistance Unemployment insurance LIHEAP Workers' compensation WIC Child support paid Federal income tax FICA Work expenses Medical expenses Under 18 years 18 to 64 years 65 years and over

• 27.2

Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Current Population Survey, 2019 Annual Social and Economic Supplement.

Numbers i s in m millions Social Security SPM-7

• The Supplemental Poverty Measure:

2018

• SPM Poverty Thresholds
• America Counts: Stories Behind the

Numbers

• “Supplemental Poverty Measure Shows

State-Level Impact of Food Stamps”

For m mor

• re i

infor formation

• n:

SPM-8

<https://www.census.gov/library/publications/2019/demo/p60-268.html>

Health I Insurance: 2 2018

September 2019

URL: http://www.census.gov/newsroom/press-kits/2019/income-poverty.html

Presen enter er

Laryssa Mykyta

Chief, Health and Disability Statistics Branch

Health Insurance Coverage

• Estimates come from two surveys: the

Current Population Survey (CPS ASEC) and the American Community Survey (ACS).

• CPS ASEC estimates reflect updated

processing system.

HI HI-1

Highlights

• The percentage of people without health

insurance coverage for the entire calendar year was 8.5 percent, or 27.5 million people.

• Between 2017 and 2018, the uninsured rate

increased 0.5 percentage points, and the number of uninsured increased by 1.9 million people.

• The uninsured rate decreased in 3 states

and increased in 8 states between 2017 and 2018.

HI HI-2

Percentage of People by Type of Health Insurance Coverage: 2018

*Includes CHAMPVA (Civilian Health and Medical Program of the Department of Veterans Affairs), as well as care provided by the Department of Veterans Affairs and the military. Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Current Population Survey, 2019 Annual Social and Economic Supplement.

1.0 17.9 17.8 34.4 2.6 10.8 55.1 67.3 91.5 8.5

VA and CHAMPVA Medicaid Medicare Any Public Plan TRICARE Direct-purchase Employment-based Any Private Plan With health insurance Uninsured Uninsured With health insurance Any private plan Employment-based Direct-purchase TRICARE Any public plan Medicare Medicaid VA and CHAMPVA*

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Percentage of People by Type of Health Insurance Coverage: 2018

Uninsured 8.5 With health insurance 91.5 Any Private Plan 67.3 Employment-based 55.1 Direct-purchase 10.8 Marketplace coverage 3.3 TRICARE 2.6 Any Public Plan 34.4 Medicare 17.8 Medicaid 17.9 VA and CHAMPVA1 1.0

1Includes CHAMPVA (Civilian Health and Medical Program of the Department of Veterans Affairs),

as well as care provided by the Department of Veterans Affairs and the military. For information on confidentiality protection, sampling error, nonsampling error, and definitions in the Current Population Survey, see <www2.census.gov/programs-surveys/cps/techdocs/cpsmar19.pdf>. Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Current Population Survey, 2019 Annual Social and Economic Supplement. Type of Health Insurance 2018

Percentage of People by Type of Health Insurance Coverage: 2018

*Includes CHAMPVA (Civilian Health and Medical Program of the Department of Veterans Affairs), as well as care provided by the Department of Veterans Affairs and the military. Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Current Population Survey, 2019 Annual Social and Economic Supplement.

1.0 17.9 17.8 34.4 2.6 10.8 55.1 67.3 91.5 8.5

VA and CHAMPVA Medicaid Medicare Any Public Plan TRICARE Direct-purchase Employment-based Any Private Plan With health insurance Uninsured Uninsured With health insurance Any private plan Employment-based Direct-purchase TRICARE Any public plan Medicare Medicaid VA and CHAMPVA*

3.3 7.5 Marketplace coverage (30.8% of direct-purchase coverage)

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Percentage of People by Type of Health Insurance Coverage: 2018

Uninsured 8.5 With health insurance 91.5 Any Private Plan 67.3 Employment-based 55.1 Direct-purchase 10.8 Marketplace coverage 3.3 TRICARE 2.6 Any Public Plan 34.4 Medicare 17.8 Medicaid 17.9 VA and CHAMPVA1 1.0

1Includes CHAMPVA (Civilian Health and Medical Program of the Department of Veterans Affairs),

as well as care provided by the Department of Veterans Affairs and the military. For information on confidentiality protection, sampling error, nonsampling error, and definitions in the Current Population Survey, see <www2.census.gov/programs-surveys/cps/techdocs/cpsmar19.pdf>. Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Current Population Survey, 2019 Annual Social and Economic Supplement. Type of Health Insurance 2018

• Economic trends
• Demographic shifts
• Policy changes, such as the Affordable Care Act (ACA)

Changes in the rate of health insurance coverage reflect:

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Change in Percentage of People by Type of Health Insurance Coverage: 2017 to 2018

Uninsured With health insurance Any private plan Employment-based Direct-purchase Any public plan Medicare Medicaid

VA and CHAMPVA1

TRICARE

No statistical change between years. *Denotes a statistically significant change between 2017 and 2018 at the 90 percent confidence level.

1Includes CHAMPVA (Civilian Health and Medical Program of the Department of Veterans Affairs), as well as

care provided by the Department of Veterans Affairs and the military. Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Current Population Survey, 2018 Annual Social and Economic Supplement Bridge File and 2019 Annual Social and Economic Supplement.

Z

Represents or rounds to 0

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Percentage of People Uninsured by Age: 2017 and 2018

5 10 15 20 0-18 19-25 26-34 35-44 45-64 65 and older

2017

+1.0

No statistical difference

+1.0

2018

+0.6

No statistical difference No statistical difference

Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Current Population Survey, 2018 Annual Social and Economic Supplement Bridge File and 2019 Annual Social and Economic Supplement.

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Percentage of People Uninsured by Age: 2017 and 2018

0-18 5.0 5.5 *0.6 19-25 13.7 14.3 0.7 26-34 14.0 13.9 Z 35-44 11.4 12.5 *1.0 45-64 8.3 9.3 *1.0 65 and older 1.0 0.9 Z * Changes between the estimates are statistically different from zero at the 90 percent confidence level. For information on confidentiality protection, sampling error, nonsampling error, and definitions in the Current Population Survey, see <www2.census.gov/programs-surveys/cps/techdocs/cpsmar19.pdf>. Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Current Population Survey, 2018 Annual Social and Economic Supplement Bridge File and 2019 Annual Social and Economic Supplement. Z Represents or rounds to zero. Age 2017 2018 Percentage point change (2018 minus 2017)

2 4 6 8 10

2017

Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Current Population Survey, 2018 Annual Social and Economic Supplement Bridge File and 2019 Annual Social and Economic Supplement.

Percentage of Children Under the Age of 19 Without Health Insurance Coverage by Selected Characteristics: 2017 to 2018

2018 Total Income-to-Poverty Ratio Below 100% of poverty Between 100% and 399% of poverty White, not Hispanic Black Hispanic (any race) Race and Hispanic Origin At or above 400% of poverty Asian +0.6 No statistical difference No statistical difference +0.7 +0.5 No statistical difference No statistical difference +1.0

*Denotes a statistically significant change between 2017 and 2018 at the 90 percent confidence level.

HI HI-7

Subannual Health Insurance Coverage: 2018

96.4 95.2 94.2 91.2 3.6 4.8 5.8 8.8

Part-year coverage Full-year coverage Any private plan Any health plan Any public plan Medicaid

Percent of population as of March 2019. Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Current Population Survey, 2019 Annual Social and Economic Supplement.

HI HI-8

: A state with a circle around its abbreviation expanded Medicaid eligibility on or before January 1, 2018. Source: U.S. Census Bureau, 2018 American Community Survey, 1-Year Estimates

Uninsured Rate by State: 2018

HI HI-9

: A state with a circle around its abbreviation expanded Medicaid eligibility on or before January 1, 2018. Source: U.S. Census Bureau, 2017 and 2018 American Community Survey, 1-Year Estimates After the release of the 2017 data products, the Census Bureau identified issues with data collection in Delaware. As a result, comparisons between 2017 and 2018 for Delaware are not made in this map. For more information, see <www.census.gov/programs-survey/acs/technical-documentation/errata/120.html>.

Change in Uninsured Rate: 2017 to 2018

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For more information:

• Health Insurance Coverage in the United

States: 2018

• Report tables and figures
• America Counts story
• Health Insurance for Children
• Research Matters blog
• Current Coverage and Calendar-Year Coverage:

Two Measures, Two Concepts

• ACS Release on September 26, 2019
• Health Insurance: Type of Coverage by State, 2018
• Detailed and historical tables
• Interactive infographics

<https://www.census.gov/library/publications/2019/demo/p60-267.html> HI HI-11 11

• Median household income was $63,200 in 2018, not statistically different from the

2017 median.

• The official poverty rate in 2018 was 11.8 percent, down 0.5 percentage points from
• 2017. In 2018, there were 38.1 million people in poverty, 1.4 million people less than

the number in poverty in 2017.

• The Supplemental Poverty Measure (SPM) rate in 2018 was 12.8 percent. This is not

statistically different from the 2017 SPM rate of 13.0 percent.

• The percentage of people without health insurance coverage for the entire calendar

year was 8.5 percent, a 0.5 percentage-point increase from 2017. In 2018, 27.5 million people did not have health insurance coverage, an increase of 1.9 million people.

High ghligh ghts ts

Income rounded to nearest $100. Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Current Population Survey, 2018 and 2019 Annual Social and Economic Supplements.