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Improving Improving Medical Medical Radiation R Radiation Regulations egulations James S. Welsh, MD ACMUI Radiation Oncologist October 18, 2013 United Stat United States es Nuclear Regulator Nuclear Regulatory y Comm Commissio ission


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Improving Improving Medical Medical Radiation R Radiation Regulations egulations

James S. Welsh, MD ACMUI Radiation Oncologist October 18, 2013

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United Stat United States es Nuclear Regulator Nuclear Regulatory y Comm Commissio ission n (US NRC) (US NRC)

  • The NRC's mission is to regulate civilian

civilian use of by byprodu product ct, source, and special nuclear materials

  • “to ensure adequate protection of public

health and safety, to promote the common defense and security, and to protect the environment.”

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United Stat United States es Nuclear Regulator Nuclear Regulatory y Comm Commissio ission n (US NRC) (US NRC)

  • The NRC's regulatory mission covers three

main areas:

– Reactors – Waste – Mate Materials rials – Uses of nuclear byproduct materials in med medical ical, industrial, and academic settings and facilities that produce nuclear fuel

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“Byproduct material”

  • The Energy Policy Act of 2005, Pub. L. No.

109-58, 119 Stat 594 (2005), expanded the NRC’s regulatory authority over byproduct materials as defined in the Atomic Energy Act of 1954, as amended (AEA), to include:

  • Certain naturally-occurring and

accelerator-produced radioactive materials (NARM) including Ra-226

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“Byproduct material”

  • NRC’s final rule (72 FR 55864; Oct 1, 2007)

entitled, “Requirements for Expanded Definition of Byproduct Material,” (the NARM rule) redefined “byproduct material” to include much more than just fission products

– e.g. positron emitting radionuclides and PET

  • A big step in the right direction
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But But no now ionizing w ionizing radiat radiation in ion in medic medicine is expanding ine is expanding once a

  • nce again

gain

  • GammaKnife radiosurgery vs Cyber Knife

vs conventional linac

– One is NRC-regulated, the other not

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But But no now ionizing w ionizing radiat radiation in ion in medic medicine is expanding ine is expanding once a

  • nce again

gain

  • Ir-192 HDR brachytherapy vs electronic

brachytherapy (e.g. Xoft) and contact radiation therapy devices (e.g. Santax Medico TOPEX SRT 100)

  • One type is NRC-regulated, the other not
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But But no now ionizing w ionizing radiat radiation in ion in medic medicine is expanding ine is expanding once a

  • nce again

gain

  • PET/CT machines

– Part of the machine is NRC-regulated, the

  • ther is not
  • Co-60/MRI machines??
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The The old N

  • ld NRC

RC

  • The NRC's mission is to regulate civilian

civilian use of byp byproduc roduct, source, and special nuclear materials

9

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The new NRC? The new NRC?

  • The NRC's mission is to regulate civilian

civilian use of ionizing ionizing radiation radiation

  • Th

The e IRRC IRRC?

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Acr Acronyms

  • nyms
  • AEA – Atomic Energy Act
  • Co-60 – Cobalt-60
  • CT – computed tomography
  • Ir-192 – Iridium-192
  • IRRC - Ionizing Radiation Regulatory Commission
  • NARM - naturally-occurring and accelerator-

produced radioactive materials

  • NRC – U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission
  • PET – Positron Emission Tomography

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