IMPERIALISM AND AMERICA What is Imperialism? A nation would - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

IMPERIALISM AND AMERICA

What is Imperialism?

• A nation would experience

industrialization prior to practicing imperialism on a foreign nation or region

• This was due to the nearly insatiable

(always needing) demand for cheap raw materials and the need for markets to buy manufactured (finished) goods

AMERICA CLAIMS AN EMPIRE

SAFARI Montage

IMPERIALISM AND AMERICA

• Throughout the 19th

century, America expanded control of the continent to the Pacific Ocean

• By 1880, many American

leaders felt the U.S. should join European nations and establish colonies overseas

• Thus began America’s

jump into Imperialism – the policy in which stronger industrialized nations take control over weaker nations

Imperialist Argument

• Goal to get colonies for raw materials and

markets

• Establish a strong presence in Asia and Latin

America Anti-Imperialist Argument

• Violates right to independence and self-

government of countries

• Too costly
• Some Americans did not want more non-

Europeans in the U.S.

WHY IMPERIALISM?

“We are raising more than we can consume…. We are making more than we can use. Therefore, we must find new markets for our produce, new occupation for our capital, new work for our labor.”

• - Senator Albert J. Beveridge

(Indiana), 1899

Spa Spanish American nish American War War

SAFARI Montage

THE SPANISH AMERICAN WAR

• America had long held an

interest in Cuba

• When Cubans

unsuccessfully rebelled against Spanish rule in the late 19th century, American sympathy went out to the Cuban people

• After Spain abolished

slavery in Cuba in 1886, Americans invested millions in Cuban sugar

Cuba is just 90 miles south

• f Florida

CUBA’S SECOND WAR FOR INDEPENDENCE

• Anti-Spain feelings in

Cuba soon erupted into a second war for independence

• Led by poet Jose

Marti, Cuba attempted a revolution in 1895

• Marti deliberately

destroyed property, including American sugar plants, hoping to provoke American intervention

Marti

Explain or describe this cartoon

WAR FEVER ESCALATES

• Newspaper

publishers William Randolph Hearst (New York Journal) and Joseph Pulitzer (New York World) exaggerated Spanish atrocities and brutality in “Headline Wars”

Political cartoon: Pulitzer (left) and Hearst escalating and instigating war between the U.S. and Spain

What was Yellow Journalism?

Exciting but untrue stories printed by a newspaper to attract more readers and sell more newspapers

USS MAINE EXPLODES

• Early in 1898,

President McKinley ordered the USS Maine to Cuba in order to bring home American citizens in danger

• On February 15,

1898, the ship blew up in the harbor of Havana

• More than 260 men

were killed

Before After

The Maine Explodes “Remember the Maine” Battle Cry Unknown artist , 1898 Notice the men flying dramatically through the air

Is this “Yellow Journalism”?

Explain or describe this cartoon

WAR ERUPTS WITH SPAIN

• There was no holding

back those who wanted war with Spain

• Newspapers blamed

the Spanish for bombing the USS Maine (recent investigations have shown it was a fire inside the Maine)

• “Remember the

Maine!” became a rallying cry for U.S. intervention in Cuba

Causes or Reasons for War

• 1. Protection of American business or

economic interests in Cuba

• 2. American support of Cuban rebels

to gain independence from Spain

• 3. The sinking of the USS Maine in the

Havana Harbor of Cuba, raising tensions between Spain and the U.S.

SO…

under pressure from American public opinion, President William McKinley declared war on Spain in 1898

THE WAR IN THE CARIBBEAN

• A naval blockade
• f Cuba was

followed by a land invasion highlighted by Roosevelt’s Rough Rider victory at San Juan Hill

• 17,000 troops were sent in wool with
• ut-dated weapons
• The “Rough Riders” took San Juan Hill
• utside Santiago – led by Teddy

Roosevelt

• They were a group of athletes,

cowboys, miners, etc…

THE WAR IN CUBA

Theodore Roosevelt was the leader of a special army unit called the Rough Riders.

With the help of the 10th Cavalry, they defeated Spanish troops at the battle of San Juan Hill.

The Spanish- American War was also fought in the Philippines…

THE WAR IN THE PHILIPPINES

• U.S. forces

surprised Spain by attacking the Spanish colony of the Philippines

• 11,000 Americans

joined forces with Filipino rebel leader Emilio Aguinaldo

The United States attacked and destroyed Spain’s Pacific fleet in the Philippine Islands

What does this headline tell us?

THE WAR IN THE PHILIPPINES

• By August 1898,

Spain had surrendered to the U.S. in Manila

ACQUIRING NEW LANDS

• The U.S had to

decide how to rule the new lands

• Puerto Rico wanted

their independence – but the U.S. had

• ther plans
• Puerto Rico was

important to the U.S. strategically

• The U.S. set up a

civil government, full citizenship, and a bicameral system

THE WAR IN THE CARIBBEAN

• The American

Navy destroyed the Spanish fleet and paved the way for an invasion of Puerto Rico (Spanish colony)

Now the U.S. controls the Pacific island

• f Guam,

Puerto Rico and the Philippines

NOTE: Puerto Rico & Guam remain territories of the U.S. today

U.S. WINS; SIGNS TREATY OF PARIS

• The U.S. and Spain signed

an armistice on August 12, 1898, ending what Secretary of State John Hay called “a splendid little war.”

• The war lasted only 16

weeks and 500 died

• Cuba was now

independent

• U.S. receives Guam,

Puerto Rico, and “buys” the Philippines for $20 million

Treaty of Paris, 1898

CUBA AND THE UNITED STATES SAFARI Montage

• The Treaty of Paris granted

full independence to Cuba

• The U.S signed an

agreement with Cuba known as the Platt Amendment in 1903.

• Key features of this

amendment included the right of the U.S. to maintain naval stations on the island and the right to intervene in Cuban affairs.

Today, the U.S. has a prison in Guantanamo Bay, Cuba.

FILIPINOS REBEL

SAFARI Montage

• Filipinos reacted with

rage to the American annexation

• Rebel leader Emilio

Aguinaldo vowed to fight for freedom and in 1899 he led a rebellion

• The 3-year war claimed

20,000 Filipino rebels, 4,000 American lives and $400,000,000 (20x the price the U.S. paid for the land)

U.S. troops fire on rebels

The United States was now seen as a world power.

Remember SAW

Causes – U.S. SAW Cuba needed help – U.S. SAW the Maine explode – U.S. SAW Yellow Journalism – U.S. SAW business interests needed protecting Effects/Results – U.S. SAW Guam, Puerto Rico and the Philippines become theirs – U.S. SAW Cuba independent – U.S. SAW World Power

The Results U.S. Intervenes

AMERICA AS A WORLD POWER- Foreign policies

• Two events signaled

America’s continued climb toward being the #1 world power

• 1) Roosevelt negotiated a

settlement between Russia and Japan who had been at war – his successful efforts in negotiating the Treaty of Portsmouth won Roosevelt the 1906 Nobel Peace Prize

• 2) Construction of Panama

Canal

The Nobel Peace Prize is awarded annually

Economic interests and public opinion

• ften influenced U.S. involvement in

international affairs.

Panama Canal

• Begun by French in

1880s

• U.S. purchased the

project for $40 million from the bankrupt French canal company – gaining access to a six mile wide canal zone

“Speak Softly and Carry a Big Stick”

SAFARI Montage

THE PANAMA CANAL

Big Stick at Work

• By the early 20th century,

many Americans understood the advantages of a canal through Panama.

• It would greatly reduce

travel times for commercial and military ships by providing a short cut between the Atlantic and Pacific

• ceans.

“The shortcut”

BUILDING THE PANAMA CANAL 1904-1914

• The French had

already unsuccessfully attempted to build a canal through Panama

• America first had to

help Panama win their independence from Colombia – which it did in 2 days

• Construction of the

Canal stands as one

• f the greatest

engineering feats of all-time

Cost – $380 million Workers – Over 40,000 (5,600 died) Time – Construction took 10 years

How the Locks work video

This view, provided by NASA, shows the thin blue line (canal) cutting across the middle of Panama.

Almost 1,000,000 ships have passed through the canal, which became sole property of Panama in the year 2000.

Monroe Doctrine

• Europe stay out of our backyard

“the America’s” and we will stay

• ut of yours “Europe”

Roosevelt Corollary: We acted as police

ROOSEVELT ADDS TO MONROE DOCTRINE

• Roosevelt Corollary (addition) to the

Monroe Doctrine in 1904

• President Monroe said to Europe to stay
• ut of America’s backyard and America

will stay out of theirs; Roosevelt added that the U.S. has the right to interfere in economic matters of the Americas

• Roosevelt added the right of the U.S. to

intervene in the Americas’ backyard if security threatened. International POLICE

• Painted ships white, sailed around world

“BIG STICK” DIPLOMACY

So what? What is important to understand about this?

The United States expanded its interest in world affairs…

Cuba gained independence from Spain.

The United States gained possession

• f territories overseas…
• Guam
• Philippines
• Puerto Rico

Discussion Questions

• 1. What were the causes of the

Spanish-American War?

• 2. What were the results of the

Spanish-American War?

How much do you remember?

The most important reason for yellow journalism is to…

• a. tell the truth.
• b. cause or create revolutions.
• c. win support for a specific person.
• d. sell more newspapers.

Which country ruled Cuba before the Spanish-American War?

• a. The United States
• b. England
• c. France
• d. Spain

The U.S. became a world power after the Spanish-American War because…

• a. the U.S. followed a policy of

isolationism.

• b. the U.S. wanted to avoid war with
• ther nations.
• c. the U.S. now had territories around

the world.

• d. American businessmen invested in

sugar plantations in China.

Which parts of the world came under U.S. control as a result of the Spanish-American War?

a. Alaska and Hawaii b. Columbia and Venezuela c. Puerto Rico, Guam, and the Philippines d. The Panama Canal Zone

What effect did the Spanish- American War have on the U.S.?

• a. The U.S. became opposed to

colonialism.

• b. Nationalism became a part of U.S.

foreign policy.

• c. Moral diplomacy was replaced by

gunboat diplomacy.

• d. The U.S. emerged as a world power.