3rd International Conference on Life Cycle Management Identification of environmental impact patterns of industrial sectors 27 August 2007 S. Wursthorn, C. Bauer, L. Schebek Institute for Technical Chemistry Department of Technology-Induced Material Flow Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe KIT – die Kooperation von Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe GmbH 1 | Sibylle Wursthorn | ITC-ZTS |27.08.2007 Stand: 29.08.2007 13:18 und Universität Karlsruhe (TH)
Background • eco-efficiency links economic efficiency with environmental efficiency • different eco-efficiency indicators are established on a macro- economic scale • indicators provide a basis to reduce efficiently the environmental impacts of industries for selected aspects • furthermore a detailed characterisation of relevant sectors with regard to the diversity of environmental impacts is necessary KIT – die Kooperation von Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe GmbH 2 | Sibylle Wursthorn | ITC-ZTS |27.08.2007 Stand: 29.08.2007 13:18 und Universität Karlsruhe (TH)
Introduction Identification of environmental impact patterns of industrial sectors • characterization of industrial sectors • so far on a very aggregated level • differentiated consideration of relevant sectors with regard to environmental impact patterns KIT – die Kooperation von Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe GmbH 3 | Sibylle Wursthorn | ITC-ZTS |27.08.2007 Stand: 29.08.2007 13:18 und Universität Karlsruhe (TH)
Introduction Identification of environmental impact patterns environmental impact patterns comprehend two components: • sectors which have a similar impact profile • impact categories are induced by different industrial sectors KIT – die Kooperation von Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe GmbH 4 | Sibylle Wursthorn | ITC-ZTS |27.08.2007 Stand: 29.08.2007 13:18 und Universität Karlsruhe (TH)
Data The European Pollutant Emission Register (EPER) • reporting according to the IPPC Directive of the European Union • most important industrial emission sources should be known • reporting requirement for companies, reporting triannual • reporting by companies is compulsory: - for all categories of industrial activities listed in ANNEX I of the IPPC Directive - if threshold values of emissions are exceeded • pollutants: 50 pollutants (37 pollut. into air, 26 pollut. into water), e.g: However: - CO2, NH3, dioxins EPER is discontinued -> new: E-PRTR - metals and compounds - more pollutants • sectors are for example: - more industrial sectors - metal industry - annual reporting - chemical industry - pollutants in water, air and soil - waste treatment KIT – die Kooperation von Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe GmbH 5 | Sibylle Wursthorn | ITC-ZTS |27.08.2007 Stand: 29.08.2007 13:18 und Universität Karlsruhe (TH)
Data The European Pollutant Emission Register (EPER) Appropriateness for the determination of environmental impact patterns advantage • disaggregation • extent of the reported emissions problems • threshold values • not all industry classes are reported KIT – die Kooperation von Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe GmbH 6 | Sibylle Wursthorn | ITC-ZTS |27.08.2007 Stand: 29.08.2007 13:18 und Universität Karlsruhe (TH)
Data Data source for the determination of economic performance • statistical data on turnover, source: statistics on turnover • advantage: the only consistent data source available • problem: bias due to the value added KIT – die Kooperation von Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe GmbH 7 | Sibylle Wursthorn | ITC-ZTS |27.08.2007 Stand: 29.08.2007 13:18 und Universität Karlsruhe (TH)
EE application Eco-efficiency application • Identification of the absolute environmental impacts • reporting data on emissions • aggregation and assessment using a single score LCIA method (Eco- indicator 99) • unit: Eco-indicator points (EI points), a dimensionless figure • Identification of the relative environmental impacts environmental impact environmental impact economic performance economic performance • consistent classification at a disaggregated level (NACE, 4-digit level of industry classes), consistency between economic data and data on environmental performance KIT – die Kooperation von Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe GmbH 8 | Sibylle Wursthorn | ITC-ZTS |27.08.2007 Stand: 29.08.2007 13:18 und Universität Karlsruhe (TH)
9 | Sibylle Wursthorn | ITC-ZTS |27.08.2007 EE application environmental intensity (EI points/1.000 €) Environmental intensity 100,00 120,00 20,00 40,00 60,00 80,00 culture Agri- 0,00 01.11 Growing of cereals 01.23 Farming of swine of swine Farming 01.30 Growing of crops Quarrying and Mining 14.11 Quarrying ornamental 15.12 Production of poultrymeat 15.33 Processing of fruit 15.51 Operation of dairies 15.83 sugar 15.96 Manufacture of beer 17.21 Cotton-type weaving Stand: 29.08.2007 13:18 of pulp Manufacture 17.40 made-up textile articles 17.53 non-wovens and articles 20.20 veneer sheets 21.21 corrugated paper 22.13 journals 23.10 coke oven products 24.12 dyes and pigments 24.15 fertilizers, nitrogen 24.30 paints, varnishes 24.51 soap, detergents Manufacturing 24.63 essential oils of flat glass Manufacture of cement Manufacture 24.66 chemical products 25.12 rubber tyres und Universität Karlsruhe (TH) Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe GmbH KIT – die Kooperation von 25.22 plastic packing goods 26.11 flat glass 26.14 glass fibres 26.22 ceramic sanitary fixtures 26.25 ceramic products 26.40 bricks, tiles 26.53 plaster of lime Manufacture 26.63 ready-mixed concrete 26.66 concrete, plaster 26.82 non-metallic mineral 27.22 steel tubes production and tin Lead, zinc 27.33 Cold forming 27.42 Aluminium 27.45 non-ferrous metal 27.53 Casting light metals of electricity Production 28.51 coating of metals 29.13 taps and valves supply gas/water Electricity, 29.51 machinery metallurgy 31.62 electrical equipment 34.10 motor vehicles 35.11 ships supply water hot and Steam 36.14 other furniture 40.11 electricity 51.32 Wholesale meat 51.55 Wholesale chemicals waste activities, e.g. service Wholesale, 74.87 Other business activities 93.05 Other service activities
EE application Arithmetic mean 10.000.000.000 Production of electricity 1.000.000.000 Manufacture of cement environmental performance 100.000.000 Arithmetic mean 10.000.000 Manufacture of coke oven products 1.000.000 Manufacture of motor EI points vehicles 100.000 10.000 1.000 100 10 economic performance 1 1 10 100 1 000 10 000 100 000 1 000 000 10 000 000 100 000 000 1 000 00 turnover (in 1.000 €) KIT – die Kooperation von Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe GmbH 10 | Sibylle Wursthorn | ITC-ZTS |27.08.2007 Stand: 29.08.2007 13:18 und Universität Karlsruhe (TH)
Criteria Criteria for the identification of environmental impact patterns ... • relating to absolute environmental impacts • relevance of impacts categories for industrial sectors • contribution of the different LCIA categories to the entire industry of a country • contribution of industrial sectors to impact categories • relating to relative environmental impacts • contribution of industrial sectors to relative environmental impacts of impact categories KIT – die Kooperation von Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe GmbH 11 | Sibylle Wursthorn | ITC-ZTS |27.08.2007 Stand: 29.08.2007 13:18 und Universität Karlsruhe (TH)
Patterns Analysis Relevance of impacts categories to industrial sectors 100% 90% 80% Impact 70% Category 60% 50% 40% 30% 20% 10% 0% sectors KIT – die Kooperation von Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe GmbH 12 | Sibylle Wursthorn | ITC-ZTS |27.08.2007 Stand: 29.08.2007 13:18 und Universität Karlsruhe (TH)
Patterns Analysis Relevance of impacts categories to industrial sectors Industrial sectors, dominated of one impact category (see figure) e. g. ecotoxicity: 13.20 Mining of non-ferrous metal ores, except uranium and thorium ores 24.64 Manufacture of photographic chemical material 27.21 Manufacture of cast iron tubes 100% 27.34 Wire drawing 90% 80% 27.54 Casting of other non-ferrous metals 70% 60% 29.13 Manufacture of taps and valves 50% 40% 29.51 Manufacture of machinery for metallurgy 30% 20% 10% 0% s s a r r b KIT – die Kooperation von Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe GmbH 13 | Sibylle Wursthorn | ITC-ZTS |27.08.2007 Stand: 29.08.2007 13:18 und Universität Karlsruhe (TH)
Patterns Analysis Relevance of impacts categories to industrial sectors Similar patterns of industrial sectors • Agriculture • > 60 % respiratory effects by inorganic substances • > 30 % effects of acidification and eutrophication • Mining and quarrying • Mining: > 40 % respiratory effects by inorganic substances; exclusion: Mining of non-ferrous metal ores • Quarrying: > 60 % climate change • Manufacture of food products and beverages • > 40 % respiratory effects by organic, inorganic substances • production of meat: (similar to agriculture) 100% 90% > 60 % respiratory effects by inorganic substances 80% > 30 % effects of acidification and eutrophication 70% 60% • Electricity, gas and water supply 50% 40% • > 30 % respiratory effects by inorganic substances 30% • > 30 % climate change 20% 10% • 5-10 % acidification and eutrophication 0% s s r r KIT – die Kooperation von Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe GmbH 14 | Sibylle Wursthorn | ITC-ZTS |27.08.2007 Stand: 29.08.2007 13:18 und Universität Karlsruhe (TH)
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