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3rd International Conference on Life Cycle Management Identification of environmental impact patterns of industrial sectors 27 August 2007 S. Wursthorn, C. Bauer, L. Schebek Institute for Technical Chemistry Department of Technology-Induced

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| Sibylle Wursthorn | ITC-ZTS |27.08.2007 Stand: 29.08.2007 13:18

KIT – die Kooperation von Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe GmbH und Universität Karlsruhe (TH)

Identification of environmental impact patterns

  • f industrial sectors

27 August 2007

  • S. Wursthorn, C. Bauer, L. Schebek

Institute for Technical Chemistry Department of Technology-Induced Material Flow Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe

3rd International Conference on Life Cycle Management

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KIT – die Kooperation von Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe GmbH und Universität Karlsruhe (TH)

Background

  • eco-efficiency links economic efficiency with environmental efficiency
  • different eco-efficiency indicators are established on a macro-

economic scale

  • indicators provide a basis to reduce efficiently the environmental

impacts of industries for selected aspects

  • furthermore a detailed characterisation of relevant sectors with regard

to the diversity of environmental impacts is necessary

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KIT – die Kooperation von Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe GmbH und Universität Karlsruhe (TH)

Introduction

Identification of environmental impact patterns of industrial sectors

  • characterization of industrial sectors
  • so far on a very aggregated level
  • differentiated consideration of relevant sectors with regard to

environmental impact patterns

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KIT – die Kooperation von Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe GmbH und Universität Karlsruhe (TH)

Introduction

Identification of environmental impact patterns environmental impact patterns comprehend two components:

  • sectors which have a similar impact profile
  • impact categories are induced by different industrial sectors
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KIT – die Kooperation von Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe GmbH und Universität Karlsruhe (TH)

The European Pollutant Emission Register (EPER)

  • reporting according to the IPPC Directive of the European Union
  • most important industrial emission sources should be known
  • reporting requirement for companies, reporting triannual
  • reporting by companies is compulsory:
  • for all categories of industrial activities listed in ANNEX I of the IPPC Directive
  • if threshold values of emissions are exceeded
  • pollutants: 50 pollutants

(37 pollut. into air, 26 pollut. into water), e.g:

  • CO2, NH3, dioxins
  • metals and compounds
  • sectors are for example:
  • metal industry
  • chemical industry
  • waste treatment

Data

However: EPER is discontinued -> new: E-PRTR

  • more pollutants
  • more industrial sectors
  • annual reporting
  • pollutants in water, air and soil
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KIT – die Kooperation von Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe GmbH und Universität Karlsruhe (TH)

advantage

  • disaggregation
  • extent of the reported emissions

problems

  • threshold values
  • not all industry classes are reported

Data

The European Pollutant Emission Register (EPER)

Appropriateness for the determination of environmental impact patterns

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KIT – die Kooperation von Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe GmbH und Universität Karlsruhe (TH)

  • statistical data on turnover, source: statistics on turnover
  • advantage:

the only consistent data source available

  • problem:

bias due to the value added

Data

Data source for the determination of economic performance

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KIT – die Kooperation von Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe GmbH und Universität Karlsruhe (TH)

  • Identification of the absolute environmental impacts
  • reporting data on emissions
  • aggregation and assessment using a single score LCIA method (Eco-

indicator 99)

  • unit: Eco-indicator points (EI points), a dimensionless figure
  • Identification of the relative environmental impacts
  • consistent classification at a disaggregated level (NACE, 4-digit level of

industry classes), consistency between economic data and data on environmental performance

EE application

Eco-efficiency application

environmental impact economic performance environmental impact economic performance

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KIT – die Kooperation von Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe GmbH und Universität Karlsruhe (TH)

Wholesale, service activities, e.g. waste Manufacture

  • f lime

0,00 20,00 40,00 60,00 80,00 100,00 120,00

01.11 Growing of cereals 01.23 Farming of swine 01.30 Growing of crops 14.11 Quarrying ornamental 15.12 Production of poultrymeat 15.33 Processing of fruit 15.51 Operation of dairies 15.83 sugar 15.96 Manufacture of beer 17.21 Cotton-type weaving 17.40 made-up textile articles 17.53 non-wovens and articles 20.20 veneer sheets 21.21 corrugated paper 22.13 journals 23.10 coke oven products 24.12 dyes and pigments 24.15 fertilizers, nitrogen 24.30 paints, varnishes 24.51 soap, detergents 24.63 essential oils 24.66 chemical products 25.12 rubber tyres 25.22 plastic packing goods 26.11 flat glass 26.14 glass fibres 26.22 ceramic sanitary fixtures 26.25 ceramic products 26.40 bricks, tiles 26.53 plaster 26.63 ready-mixed concrete 26.66 concrete, plaster 26.82 non-metallic mineral 27.22 steel tubes 27.33 Cold forming 27.42 Aluminium 27.45 non-ferrous metal 27.53 Casting light metals 28.51 coating of metals 29.13 taps and valves 29.51 machinery metallurgy 31.62 electrical equipment 34.10 motor vehicles 35.11 ships 36.14 other furniture 40.11 electricity 51.32 Wholesale meat 51.55 Wholesale chemicals 74.87 Other business activities 93.05 Other service activities

Environmental intensity

Agri- culture Mining and Quarrying Manufacturing Electricity, gas/water supply Manufacture

  • f cement

Steam and hot water supply Production

  • f electricity

Lead, zinc and tin production Manufacture

  • f pulp

Manufacture

  • f flat glass

Farming

  • f swine

environmental intensity (EI points/1.000 €)

EE application

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1 10 100 1.000 10.000 100.000 1.000.000 10.000.000 100.000.000 1.000.000.000 10.000.000.000 1 10 100 1 000 10 000 100 000 1 000 000 10 000 000 100 000 000 1 000 00

Production of electricity

Arithmetic mean Arithmetic mean

environmental performance economic performance

turnover (in 1.000 €)

Manufacture

  • f motor

vehicles Manufacture of cement

EI points

Manufacture

  • f coke oven

products

EE application

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Criteria

  • relating to absolute environmental impacts
  • relevance of impacts categories for industrial sectors
  • contribution of the different LCIA categories to the entire industry of a

country

  • contribution of industrial sectors to impact categories
  • relating to relative environmental impacts
  • contribution of industrial sectors to relative environmental impacts of

impact categories

Criteria for the identification of environmental impact patterns ...

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Relevance of impacts categories to industrial sectors

0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%

Patterns Analysis sectors

Impact Category

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KIT – die Kooperation von Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe GmbH und Universität Karlsruhe (TH)

Industrial sectors, dominated of one impact category (see figure)

  • e. g. ecotoxicity:

13.20 Mining of non-ferrous metal ores, except uranium and thorium ores 24.64 Manufacture of photographic chemical material 27.21 Manufacture of cast iron tubes 27.34 Wire drawing 27.54 Casting of other non-ferrous metals 29.13 Manufacture of taps and valves 29.51 Manufacture of machinery for metallurgy

0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100% r s r s b a

Patterns Analysis

Relevance of impacts categories to industrial sectors

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0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100% r s r s

Similar patterns of industrial sectors

  • Agriculture
  • > 60 % respiratory effects by inorganic substances
  • > 30 % effects of acidification and eutrophication
  • Mining and quarrying
  • Mining: > 40 % respiratory effects by inorganic substances;

exclusion: Mining of non-ferrous metal ores

  • Quarrying:

> 60 % climate change

  • Manufacture of food products and beverages
  • > 40 % respiratory effects by organic, inorganic substances
  • production of meat: (similar to agriculture)

> 60 % respiratory effects by inorganic substances > 30 % effects of acidification and eutrophication

  • Electricity, gas and water supply
  • > 30 % respiratory effects by inorganic substances
  • > 30 % climate change
  • 5-10 % acidification and eutrophication

Patterns Analysis

Relevance of impacts categories to industrial sectors

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KIT – die Kooperation von Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe GmbH und Universität Karlsruhe (TH)

Industrial sectors relating to different impact categories: contribution of impact categories to the total of the considered industrial sectors

Carcinogenic effects on humans Respiratory effects on humans damages on human health caused by climate change human health effects caused by iosnising radiation human health effects caused by

  • zone layer depletion

damage to ecosystem quality caused by ecotoxic emissions damage to ecosystem quality caused by the combined effects of acidification and eutrophication

Patterns Analysis

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KIT – die Kooperation von Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe GmbH und Universität Karlsruhe (TH) 0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100% Carcinogenic effects on humans Respiratory effects on humans by organic substance s Respiratory effects on humans by inorganic substance s damages on human health caused by climate change human health effects caused by ionising radiation human health effects caused by

  • zone layer

depletion damage to ecosystem quality caused by ecotoxic emissions damage to ecosystem quality caused by the combined effects

  • f acidification

and eutrophication

Industrial sectors relating to different impact categories: contribution of industrial sectors to impacts categories

Patterns Analysis

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impact categories dominated of industrial sectors

  • z. B. Carcinogenic effects on humans: (90 %), listed top-down

27.10 Manufacture of basic iron and steel and of ferro-alloys 40.10 Production and distribution of electricity 27.43 Lead, zinc and tin production 27.44 Copper production 24.13 Manufacture of other inorganic basic chemicals 24.14 Manufacture of other organic basic chemicals 90.00 Sewage and refuse disposal, sanitation and similar activities 27.35 Other first processing of iron and steel n.e.c.; production of non-ECSC ferro-alloys

0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 00% Carcinogenic effects on humans

Industrial sectors relating to absolute environmental impacts

Patterns Analysis

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KIT – die Kooperation von Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe GmbH und Universität Karlsruhe (TH)

impact categories dominated by industrial sectors

  • z. B. Carcinogenic effects on humans: (90 %), top-down listed

27.43 Lead, zinc and tin production 27.44 Copper production 24.13 Manufacture of other inorganic basic chemicals 27.10 Manufacture of basic iron and steel and of ferro-alloys 27.31 Cold drawing 24.12 Manufacture of dyes and pigments 24.61 Manufacture of explosives 27.33 Cold forming or folding Industrial sectors relating to relative environmental impacts

Patterns Analysis

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Conclusion

  • data uncertainties and methodological constraints impede the concise

definition of distinct environmental impact patterns however

  • existing data allow a characterisation of industrial sectors beyond single

score approaches

  • the approach allows to identify impact patterns and to describe industrial

sectors accordingly

  • the relevance of different impacts to industrial sectors can be determined
  • it is possible to identify the contribution of industrial sectors to a single

potential impact

  • this can also be analysed on the economic importance
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End

sibylle.wursthorn@itc-zts.fzk.de