ICT Challenges for energy-efficient buildings and neighbourhoods - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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ICT Challenges for energy-efficient buildings and neighbourhoods - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Mar 09, 2024 50 likes •252 views

ICT Challenges for energy-efficient buildings and neighbourhoods Prof Joe McGeehan Centre for Communications Research University of Bristol AG ICT Infrastructure for energy-efficient buildings and neighbourhoods for carbon-neutral cities

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Prof Joe McGeehan

Centre for Communications Research University of Bristol

AG – ICT Infrastructure for energy-efficient buildings and neighbourhoods for carbon-neutral cities Brussels, 16th September 2011

ICT Challenges for energy-efficient buildings and neighbourhoods

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  • Efficient use of energy is an essential need
  • Also socially responsible, politically correct, future

generations will thank us, it makes business sense, …

  • ICT-based solutions for building and home

energy management exist already

  • How good are they? What can be done

differently, and is there any strong reason to do that?

Energy efficiency

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Three approaches for building energy efficiency:

  • Building design and technology
  • Materials, insulation, design and architecture, etc.
  • Retroffiting?
  • Influencing/instilling behaviour change
  • Important lesson: need to understand how we use energy
  • ICT solutions
  • Greener technologies
  • Smart energy management systems
  • Smart Homes
  • Smart Communities
  • Smart Cities
  • Smart Grid

Energy efficiency in buildings and homes

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  • Energy management was identified as a key driver

application for home and building electronic systems since mid ‘80s

  • EU has supported that work historically in all FPs:
  • As early as 1988-1995 it supported several projects to develop

the European Home Systems specification (currently part of EN standard series)

  • In 1996-2000 it supported several trial and demonstration

projects specifically for building control (e.g. ETHOS 1996-1999)

  • Significant amount of knowledge, expertise and

technology is readily available

  • What is needed that is different from what we do, or know how to

do, now?

History of Building & Home ICT in EU

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Theme: Home as the last ICT frontier?

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ICT challenges: Smart Homes

Smart Homes Home and Building Electronic Systems (old name) require:

  • Efficient, reliable and secure communications &

spectrum access

  • Networking for machine-to-machine interactions
  • Information-centric networking
  • Interoperability
  • Specifically for ICT Solutions for Buildings and Homes

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So, what is the communications problem?

  • Smart Energy and smart neighbourhoods - requirements are

still being worked out !

  • Communication networks still face great challenges:
  • Network management (e.g. scalability thereof)
  • New, more realistic, traffic models
  • QoS and congestion management
  • Even with these challenges, internet networking currently

supports quite complex distributed applications every day.

  • Again, need to identify what is different from what we know how to do

today.

  • Trials are very important – but trialling alone is not enough

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Need Trials: 3e-Houses (EU FP7 project)

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Interoperability as a problem

  • Perception: it is a non-technical challenge
  • Fundamentally it has not been an academic question
  • But when technology is available – why interoperability

continues to be a problem?

  • Mostly a market problem; commonly expected to be solved

within that context; very few successes (and none complete !)

  • Interoperability problems arise due to :
  • Either implementation mistakes, lack of standards, knowledge

gaps, do-not-care attitude!

  • Or “protectionism”, first-to-market, uncertainty of benefits, no

market pressure,…

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Interoperability as an ICT challenge

Starting points:

  • Functionality is king, not technology
  • Interoperability is functional; technology is a pre-requisite – make it

evolve to follow functionality!

  • No single specification, standard or technology is going to win an

“interoperability race” – at least not in the home!

  • Implementation interop problems occurrence will most likely

increase

  • There is pressure on some market segments for interoperability

(energy and telecare in particular)

10 1. Define an INTEROPERABILITY ECOSYSTEM 2. Encourage participating in it THROUGH TESTING 3. Standardise TESTING against REQUIREMENTS 4. Demonstrate it actively

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Understanding ICT4Energy networking requirements

  • What are the communication network requirements to support

large-scale distributed control architectures for energy efficiency in homes and buildings and how do service levels in the two networks inter-relate?

  • What are the trade-offs between communication solutions and

distributed applications, and how can these be identified/quantified?

  • Two choices:
  • Dedicated network for a small set of known distributed control

applications (higher cost but more control of system performance),

  • Network shared by many applications: how to guarantee stability?

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… and so CLEVERsim was developed

  • CLEVERsim is a simulator platform used to evaluate the

performance of Smart Energy systems end-to-end in real scale for different scenarios

  • Supports different

communication solutions (PLC, broadband access, shared wireless access, mobile);

  • Supports different device

capabilities (from enterprise gateways to meters)

  • Supports different applications

(including demand control / energy management algorithms) running concurrently

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Metering Data Management 13

Requests Response

CLEVERsim Exp 2: Additional Functionality

Basic meter reading traffic interleaved with additional services (alarms, tariff updates) Additional traffic every 50-100 sec (~1-2minutes) 21K homes

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CLEVERsim: Exp 2: Traffic distribution: Delay

Quasi-synchronous events: Delay varying between 3-7sec, peak 5-12 sec Staggered scheduling: Event delays 2sec; Meter reading ~ unchanged 14

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CLEVERsim Exp 4 : Stability : 105,000 homes

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PLC 3G Cellular LRR 6680 LRR 9030 PLC 3G GPRS 15

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Summary

  • We need to understand the interplay between building energy

applications and networking

  • Interoperability is a key (probably the most important) ICT

challenge in the home and building electronic system domain

  • Just trialling these systems is NOT good enough; historically

evolution in this space has proven a bit slow.

  • It may be necessary to tie down one side of the system

(comms against applications or applications against comms)?

  • Need to develop tools and methodologies to investigate the

performance of such systems in an integrated way in real scale.

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Shaping FP8 Programme

  • What is formula for a right consortium
  • Consider the practical aspects such as need for the critical mass of stakeholder
  • rganisations within a single region (i.e. city) especially for pilots. For instance,

smaller projects will suffer (or even not practical) under usual "three country+ three legal entities" consortium rules. Otherwise it will have to be larger projects.

  • Helping industry to answer key questions
  • Projects should help drive research and standardization to help industry make
  • decisions. Despite significant work in the standardization, industry is still not clear

the business/market opportunities. One example would be HA and SM boundaries and integration. Although, markets may decide over time, R&D directed at realizing a specific deployment/business may be worth considering

  • Invest in high-risk high return
  • Funding support to large projects (i.e. expensive projects) involving high-risk but

high return technologies. For instance to help bring down the cost of energy storage technologies.

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Shaping FP8 Programme

  • Looking at the big picture
  • Projects driven by systems thinking - socio-techno-economical aspects
  • Need to understand interactions among various energy efficient

solutions (e.g. can start by looking at house level first)- leading to architectural guidelines, regulations, standardization etc

  • Look at where FP7 left off with future Internet
  • New network architectures to better support and enable M2M applications

including SG, ITS, and e-health: exploring new Internet architectures and paradigms such as cloud, CCN, Seamless interworking of heterogeneous networks (cellular, WLAN, WPAN, etc.) via standardized service platforms and APIs, M2M security

  • Privacy and Trust will be important area for research around the home
  • Research is needed in linking technology advances with business models in this

space

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ICT for Energy

  • EPSRC SUPERGEN HubNet Project (EP/I013636/1)

EPSRC UK leadership project for Energy Networks (Smart Grid) Research

  • Design of smart grids, in particular the application of communication

technologies to the operation of electricity networks and the harnessing of demand management for control and optimisation of power system

  • £4.7M over 5 years (2011-2016); 19 man-year RA, 16 PhDs (across 8 partners)