How to Read the Gospels 4. How Were the Gospels Preserved? Nick - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
How to Read the Gospels 4. How Were the Gospels Preserved? Nick Zola, PhD Asst. Prof. of Religion Pepperdine University nicholas.zola@pepperdine.edu Readers Needed 1. Matt 18:11 2. Mark 11:26 3. Luke 17:36 4. John 5:4 Why are there
Nick Zola, PhD
Pepperdine University nicholas.zola@pepperdine.edu
9th century manuscript from St. Gallen; Translation of Latin: “he sits here and he wrote”
INTHEBEGINNINGWASTHE WORDANDTHEWORDWAS WITHGODANDTHEWORD WASNOTGODHEWASINTHEBE GINNINGWITHGODALLTHINGS CAMEINTOBEINGTHROUGH HIMANDWITHOUTHIMNOT ONETHINGCAMEINTOBEING WHATHASCOMEINTOBEING INHIMWASLIFEANDTHELIFE WASTHELIGHTOFALLPEOPLE INTHEBEGINNINGWASTHE WORDANDTHEWORDWAS WITHGODANDTHEWORD WASGODHEWASINTHEBE GINNINGWITHGODALLTHINGS CAMEINTOBEINGTHROUGH HIMANDWITHOUTHIMNOT ONETHINGCAMEINTOBEING WHATHASCOMEINTOBEING INHIMWASLIFEANDTHELIFE WASTHELIGHTOFALLPEOPLE
Unintentional changes
P45 = Gospels and Acts, 3rd century
3 In these [porticoes] lay a multitude of those who were sick,
blind, lame, and withered. waiting for the moving of the waters; 4 for an angel of the Lord went down at certain seasons into the pool, and stirred up the water; whoever then first, after the stirring up of the water, stepped in was made well from whatever disease with which he was afflicted. 5 A man was there who had been ill for thirty-eight years. 6 When Jesus saw him lying there, and knew that he had already been a long time in that condition, He said to him, “Do you wish to get well?” 7 The sick man answered Him, “Sir, I have no man to put me into the pool when the water is stirred up, but while I am coming, another steps down before me.”
3 In these [porticoes] lay a multitude of those who were sick,
blind, lame, and withered, waiting for the moving of the waters; 4 for an angel of the Lord went down at certain seasons into the pool, and stirred up the water; whoever then first, after the stirring up of the water, stepped in was made well from whatever disease with which he was afflicted. 5 A man was there who had been ill for thirty-eight years. 6 When Jesus saw him lying there, and knew that he had already been a long time in that condition, He said to him, “Do you wish to get well?” 7 The sick man answered Him, “Sir, I have no man to put me into the pool when the water is stirred up, but while I am coming, another steps down before me.”
3 In these [porticoes] lay a multitude of those who were sick, blind, lame, and withered, waiting for the
moving of the waters; 4 for an angel of the Lord went down at certain seasons into the pool, and stirred up the water; whoever then first, after the stirring up of the water, stepped in was made well from whatever disease with which he was afflicted. 5 And a certain man was there, who had been thirty- eight years in his sickness.
Exclude: P66 P75 א B C*; RSV NRSV NIV NEB NLT Include: A C3 L Byz—TR it; KJV NKJV NASB Reasoning: Explains what’s missing in the text (cf. 5:7) Non-Johannine vocabulary
1516: Erasmus publishes first printed Greek NT
Hasty, error-prone, based on faulty manuscripts But reprinted for the next 200-300 years Becomes the so-called Textus Receptus
1551: Stephanus adds verse numbers 1700s-1900s: Scholars discover many older and more accurate manuscripts
We can now reconstruct a far more accurate text But we’re stuck with the old numbering system!
by H. Holbein (16th c.)
Adulterous woman (John 7:53-8:11) Long ending of Mark (Mark 16:9-20) Trinitarian formula (1 John 5:7b-8a)
Old Testament:
1 Samuel 10:27+
End of the Gospel of Mark in Codex Vaticanus (4th cent.)