Hot water rises the coming heyday of deep geothermal energy in the - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
Talk to the Society of Petroleum Engineers, London, 18 th January 2011 Hot water rises the coming heyday of deep geothermal energy in the UK Paul L Younger FREng DL Director, Newcastle Institute for Research on Sustainability and Technical
Talk to SPE, London, 18th January 2011
Paul L Younger FREng DL
Director, Newcastle Institute for Research on Sustainability and Technical Director, Cluff Geothermal Ltd
Talk to the Society of Petroleum Engineers, London, 18th January 2011
Talk to SPE, London, 18th January 2011
– Hot Dry Rock (HDR): experiments at Rosemanowes, Cornwall – Roy Baria et al.
Talk to SPE, London, 18th January 2011
Commentary on UK research in 1970s – 80s
Geology:
– but remember:
absence of evidence is not evidence of absence
pessimistic premise on granite hydrogeology
enough attention to geochemical and geophysical evidence of substantial deep convection
Talk to SPE, London, 18th January 2011
Commentary on UK research in 1970s – 80s
Engineering
energy in response to climate change concerns
technology, particularly in:
generation; largely ignored direct use of geothermal heat
Talk to SPE, London, 18th January 2011
Talk to SPE, London, 18th January 2011
Talk to SPE, London, 18th January 2011
Talk to SPE, London, 18th January 2011
The Eastgate Geothermal Exploration Project was supported financially and logistically by The Wear Valley Task Force, and in particular its members Lafarge plc, Durham County Council and One North East. Finance for Eastgate Phase 1 was provided from regional development funds administered by One North East, acting through Wear Valley District Council; Finance for Phase 2 was provided by the Deep Geothermal Challenge Fund of DECC - HM Government‟s Department of Energy and Climate Change. Scientific work part-financed by Newcastle University and the HSBC Partnership for Environmental Innovation Special thanks to Lloyd McInally,Richard Craig and Peter Greeno of the Lafarge Weardale Works Prof David Manning
Daniel Dufton & Ian Burdon
Rick W Smith
Sorcha Diskin & colleagues
David Gowans & colleagues
Talk to SPE, London, 18th January 2011
(Eastgate, Weardale) in 2002 prompted development of plans for regeneration of the former large industrial site as a „renewable energy village‟ (mixed commercial / residential)
geothermal prospect beneath the site
Talk to SPE, London, 18th January 2011
Granite (Bott 1954)
Granite in 1960-61
explaining elevated geothermal gradient
(equilibrated at 160oC) in Cambokeels Mine
Talk to SPE, London, 18th January 2011
Talk to SPE, London, 18th January 2011
Cambokeels mine
+
Eastgate BH No 1
Talk to SPE, London, 18th January 2011
from inclined bh data)
(France) from August to Dec 2004
granite; 8.5" after casing (toe 403m)
2004 (geophysical logging by Reeves)
Talk to SPE, London, 18th January 2011 135m 160m 185m 210m 235m 260m 285m 310m
Rookhope Eastgate
Scar Limestone Drift 0m Sandstone Cockleshell Limestone 25m Tynebottom Limestone 50m 75m 100m 125m 150m 175m Jew Limestone Great Whin Sill Lower Little Limestone Melmerby Scar Limestone, Bottom 385m
Seatearth / coal Granite Undifferentiated Mudstone Sandstone Limestone Dolerite
25m
200m 335m 225m 360m 250m 410m 275m 310m 175m Smiddy Limestone Robinson Limestone Melmerby Scar Limestone, Top Melmerby Scar Limestone, Middle Kaolinitic-clay soil regolith 300m 435m 325m 460m 485m 350m 510m 375m Weardale Granite
Rookhope Eastgate
Visual estimate of vein minerals in cuttings
Talk to SPE, London, 18th January 2011
Borehole schematic – Eastgate No 1
Boulder clay Whin Sill Sedimentary strata Slitt Vein and small ‘splays’ (branches) which feed water to borehole
borehole
Major water strike at 411m
Talk to SPE, London, 18th January 2011
CCTV stills: ~ 411.6m depth
Talk to SPE, London, 18th January 2011
Cuttings analysed by X-ray fluorescence (University of Leicester) Signs of weathering in uppermost granite U, Th and K contents used to calculate heat production capacity
50
7 6 5 4 3 2 1
wt % oxide depth (metres)
5 4 3 2 1
heat production uW/m3 depth (metres)
Talk to SPE, London, 18th January 2011
100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 50000 100000 150000 200000 250000 300000 Conductivity (mS) 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 11.00 16.00 21.00 26.00 Temperatureconductivity temperature
Talk to SPE, London, 18th January 2011
Geothermometric evaluation
Geothermometer used Apparent equilibration temperature (°C) Silica (Quartz) 38 Na-K (Fournier) 184 Na-K (Truesdell) 146 Na-K-Ca 191
Talk to SPE, London, 18th January 2011
Talk to SPE, London, 18th January 2011
Talk to SPE, London, 18th January 2011
Phase 1 - entire open hole (403-995m) Phase 2 - packer in place (432-995m) Pumping rate 880 m3/d 518 m3/d Drawdown after 0.5 hour:
+ 27.37m Drawdown after 12 hours:
+ 27.27m Drawdown after 24 hours: + 0.25m + 27.17m Transmissivity 4000 darcy-metres 26 darcy-metres Permeability 170 darcies 0.05 darcies
Packer test results - summary
Talk to SPE, London, 18th January 2011
Packer-test results: hyper- permeable granite
ToC dd (m) Linear (dd (m))
With packer: 22 m3/hour Without packer: 37 m3/hour Transmissivity of 4000 darcy-m
the test interval, we encounter the highest permeability ever reported from granite anywhere (as far as we can find …) Transmissivity of 26 darcy-m
fractures still more permeable than most, but not extreme
Talk to SPE, London, 18th January 2011
DECC Deep Geothermal Challenge Fund competition, November 2009 £461K awarded to Newcastle University-led bid (also involved PB Power and Durham University)
Borehole No 1 Borehole No 2
Talk to SPE, London, 18th January 2011 Hot water use
Boulder clay Whin Sill Sedimentary strata Pump (novel fibre- glass deep riser to 900m with air-lift injection at 100m)
Cooled water reinjection Recirculate and reheat through diffuse fracture network in granite
Production cycle concept ~700m
Eastgate No 1 (995m) Eastgate No 2 (420m)
Talk to SPE, London, 18th January 2011
Drilling of Eastgate No 2 - commenced 19th February 2010
Talk to SPE, London, 18th January 2011
grouting unexpected major karst in Carboniferous
– Planned 6-week work plan ended up taking 16 weeks
completed at 420m (~ 140m into granite)
permeability (as I expected)
– Useful evidence of structural affinity of high permeability found in Eastgate No 1
Talk to SPE, London, 18th January 2011
– Geophysical and CCTV logging – Revealed negligible corrosion risk (due to lack of O2 ingress and freshwater leakage into shallower runs of casing)
– Standard pumping approaches disfavoured by need for permanent packers, corrosion worries and motor performance issues – Rest water level is shallow; favours novel approach based on air-lifting using 900m GRP riser
Talk to SPE, London, 18th January 2011
Geophysical condition survey of Eastgate No 1 cased interval (0 – 403m)
Talk to SPE, London, 18th January 2011
Talk to SPE, London, 18th January 2011
– to evaluate any beneficial effect on produced water temperature – to see if GRP riser introduces significant turbulent upflow head losses – to give stakeholders an opportunity to experience warm waters first-hand
Talk to SPE, London, 18th January 2011
23-6-2010
Talk to SPE, London, 18th January 2011
cf 37 m3/hr in Phase 1 open hole test
cf eventual drawdown of about 0.25m in Phase 1 open hole test
– ~ 3520 m3/d/m drawdown without GRP riser – ~ 960 m3/d/m drawdown with GRP riser – turbulent upflow losses are significant, but well so productive still don‟t matter
23-6-2010
Talk to SPE, London, 18th January 2011
maximum of about 37oC after about 15 minutes (cf maximum of 27oC in Phase 1 test)
from about 0.25 mS/cm at start of test to 80 mS/cm after 20 mins
breakthrough of water from 411m fracture zone was detected, taking temperature back to about 30oC and conductivity back to 68 mS/cm (i.e. same as in Phase 1 and 2 tests)
23-6-2010
Talk to SPE, London, 18th January 2011
the first iteration
Talk to SPE, London, 18th January 2011
Future Geothermal Energy Use at Eastgate
BH No1 BH No 2
Talk to SPE, London, 18th January 2011
Future Geothermal Energy Use at Eastgate Future Geothermal Power Generation at Eastgate Initial proposals – direct use:
spa in UK since the Romans built Bath!
Eastgate No 1 or No 2
Talk to SPE, London, 18th January 2011
Talk to SPE, London, 18th January 2011
Future‟ league tables
performance of the UK‟s twenty largest cities
– Nov 2009 – Nov 2010
Talk to SPE, London, 18th January 2011
NewcastleGateshead to become a great northern European city, through pursuit of a programme of „sustainable urbanism'
will be expanded, with associated skills development and talent attraction
programme, and is a primary partner in one of the principal vehicles for it: Newcastle Science City
NewcastleGateshead 1Plan Economic & Spatial Strategy
Talk to SPE, London, 18th January 2011
Transforming the urban core: NewcastleGateshead as an Urban Laboratory
researchers are working strategically with civic partners to develop exportable innovations to achieve sustainability in old industrial cities
particularly coherent arena in which to do this, developing state-of-the-art research facilities, shared with industry, alongside sustainable affordable homes
urbanism throughout the conurbation, re-developing NewcastleGateshead as a global exemplar
Talk to SPE, London, 18th January 2011
University, ONE
geothermal fits very well
mall; owners (CSC) have expressed very strong interest in using geothermal CHP
Talk to SPE, London, 18th January 2011
Talk to SPE, London, 18th January 2011
Science Central
Talk to SPE, London, 18th January 2011 Newcastle upon Tyne Durham Eastgate prospect
90 Fathom Fault
geothermal prospect beneath urban Tyneside?
Talk to SPE, London, 18th January 2011
Target: 2000 m depth in the footwall splays of 90 Fm Fault zone
ENE through urban Newcastle
circulation in main fault and footwall splays:
– BaCl brines in Rising Sun and Backworth Collieries, North Tyneside (≤ 1.8 Ml/d pumped until 1978) – Barite cementation of Basal Permian Sands at Cullercoats
gradient, prove any permeable formations accessing fault laterally at depths of interest, and maximise chances of intersecting splay-faults
Talk to SPE, London, 18th January 2011
Crime Rigg Quarry, Sherburn, Co Durham
Talk to SPE, London, 18th January 2011
Cullercoats Bay from the Dove Marine Lab
Talk to SPE, London, 18th January 2011
Seismic profile source: BGS
Talk to SPE, London, 18th January 2011
Talk to SPE, London, 18th January 2011
Talk to SPE, London, 18th January 2011
subsurface laboratory for the pursuit of new paradigms in deep geothermal energy:
– Deliberately targeting high natural permeability in radiothermal granite – Targeting localised convection along major faults in areas of high geothermal gradient
Cornwall and Scotland, this represents real promise for a future boom in deep geothermal in the UK
Talk to SPE, London, 18th January 2011
Talk to SPE, London, 18th January 2011
Talk to SPE, London, 18th January 2011
Paul L Younger FREng
p.l.younger@ncl.ac.uk