Hospice 101: Hospice Philosophy and Goals of Care Andrea - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Hospice 101: Hospice Philosophy and Goals of Care

Andrea Patrick‐Baudet, MBA, RN, CHPN, CHPCA Vice President, Hospice Services November 2018

Objectives

Participants will be able to describe:

• Hospice Philosophy and goals of care
• What is covered (and not covered) under the

hospice benefit

Facts and Figures

Hospice Care in America, NHPCO 2017 Edition

• 1.43 million Medicare beneficiaries received

hospice care for one or more days in 2016

• Of all 2016 Medicare decedents, 48% received
• ne or more days of hospice and were

enrolled at time of death

• About 64% 80 yo or older
• 86.5% Caucasian, 8.3% African American, 2.1%

Hispanic, 1.2% Asian

Facts and Figures

Hospice Care in America, NHPCO 2017 Edition

Principal dx:

• Cancer 27.2%
• Cardiac and Circulatory 18.7%
• Dementia 18%
• Respiratory 11%
• Stroke 9.5%
• Other 15.6%

Facts and Figures

Hospice Care in America, NHPCO 2017 Edition

• ALOS 71 days
• MLOS 24 days
• 27.9% enrolled 7 days or less; 40% enrolled 14

days or less

• Average spending per Medicare hospice patient =

$11, 820 Principal dx cancer: Mean 46 days/ Median 19 days

Facts and Figures

Hospice Care in America, NHPCO 2017 Edition

Location of care by % days of care:

• Home 44.6%
• Nursing Facility 32.8%
• Hospice Inpatient Facility 14.6%
• Acute Care Hospital 7.4%
• Other 0.7%

Facts and Figures

Hospice Care in America, NHPCO 2017 Edition

Level of care by % days of care:

• Routine 98%
• General Inpatient 1.5%
• Respite 0.3%
• Continuous Home Care 0.2%

Hospice Eligibility

• Anticipated six month or less prognosis if the

illness takes its projected course

• Patient chooses to forego life prolonging,

aggressive treatments for the terminal illness and related diagnoses

• Virtually all care provided or arranged by

hospice team

Hospice Philosophy and Goals

• Palliative, not curative
• Focus on care and comfort, management of

distressing symptoms

• Focus on quality of life, not quantity
• Neither postpones nor hastens death
• Education and support for family and other

caregivers as well as patient

Delivery of Care

• Wherever patient lives
• Primary caregiver
• Hospice staff visits
• 24/7 availability
• Interdisciplinary team
• Individualized plan of care

Hospice Team

• Patient’s attending provider
• Hospice Medical Director
• RN, LPN, LNA
• MSW
• Spiritual Care
• Volunteers
• Bereavement

What Services Does Hospice Provide?

• Expert pain and symptom management
• Anticipatory guidance: assist patient/family with the

physical, emotional, and spiritual aspects of dying

• Medications and medical equipment
• Instruct family/caregivers how to provide care
• Short term inpatient and respite care as needed
• PT/OT/SLP
• Grief support

Who Pays For Hospice Care?

• Medicare
• Medicaid
• Private Insurers
• Self pay/reduced or free care
• Current payment structure is a daily rate based
• n level of care
• Medicare covers 100% of hospice services, no

copay or OOP

What is NOT Covered?

• Nursing facility room and board
• Care unrelated to terminal or related

diagnoses

• Care sought without consulting hospice team
• Non‐formulary medications and supplies
• Curative or aggressive cares

The Problem of Prognostication

• 343 physicians/468 terminally ill patients
• Median survival 24 days
• 20% of predictions accurate
• 63% overly optimistic
• 17% overly pessimistic
• Physicians overestimated survival by a factor of 5.3.
• Longer MD/patient relationship=less accurate

prognosis

(Christakis, et al. BMJ 2000)

Performance Status

• Significant predictor of survival in advanced

cancer

• Karnofsky Performance Status (KPS) and

Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) scales good reliability/validity

• KPS <60, ECOG >2= median survival 6 months
• r less for any advanced solid cancer

(Salpeter, et al. J Palliat Med. 2012)

Barriers To Care

• Fear of taking away hope
• Death=Failure
• I don’t want to disappoint my family/my

doctor

• Misconceptions about hospice
• Lack of consistency between programs

Questions?

"You matter because you are you, and you matter to the end of your life. We will do all we can not only to help you die peacefully, but also to live until you die.” — Dame Cicely Saunders, nurse, physician and writer, and founder of hospice movement (1918 ‐ 2005). "Life is pleasant. Death is peaceful. It's the transition that's troublesome." – Isaac Asimov, American science fiction novelist & scholar (1920 ‐ 1992).

References

• NHPCO Facts and Figures: Hospice Care in America. Rev.
• ed. April 2018.

https://www.nhpco.org/sites/default/files/public/Statistics _Research/2017_Facts_Figures.pdf (last accessed August 16, 2018).

• Salpeter, SR, Malter DS, Luo EJ, Lin AY, Stuart B. Systematic

review of cancer presentations with a median survival of six months or less. J Palliat Med. 2012 Feb; 15 (2) 375‐385.

• Temel JS, Greer JA, Muzikansky A, Gallagher ER, Admane S,

Jackson VA, Dahlin CM, Blinderman CD, Jacobsen J, Pirl WF, Billings JA, Lynch TJ: Early palliative care for patients with metastatic non‐small‐cell lung cancer. N Engl J Med 2010; 363: 733‐742.

Post‐Test Q +A

• 1. True/False: Curative treatment is a fundamental

component of hospice care. (False)

• 2. True/False: A patient is considered "terminal" if a

physician, using their best clinical judgment, determines that their prognosis is six months or less, if the disease takes its predicted course. (True)

• 3. True/False: The imprecise nature of prognostication,

with an inclination to overestimate life expectancy, is a barrier to timely hospice care. (True)