HISTORY OF THE CATHOLIC CHURCH Text Monday, September 14, 15 1 - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

HISTORY OF THE CATHOLIC CHURCH

Text

MATTHEW 16: 13-20 WHEN JESUS WENT INTO THE REGION OF CAESAREA PHILIPPI HE ASKED HIS

• DISCIPLES. “WHO DO PEOPLE SAY THAT THE SON OF MAN IS?” THEY REPLIED,

“SOME SAY JOHN THE BAPTIST, OTHERS ELIJAH, STILL OTHERS JEREMIAH OR ONE OF THE PROPHETS.” HE SAID TO THEM, “BUT WHO DO YOU SAY THAT I AM?” SIMON PETER SAID IN REPLY, “YOU ARE THE MESSIAH, THE SON OF THE LIVING GOD.” JESUS SAID TO HIM IN REPLY, “BLESSED ARE YOU, SIMON SON OF JONAH. FOR FLESH AND BLOOD HAS NOT REVEALED THIS TO YOU, BUT MY HEAVENLY FATHER. AND SO I SAY TO YOU, YOU ARE PETER, AND UPON THIS ROCK I WILL BUILD MY CHURCH, AND THE GATES OF THE NETHERWORLD SHALL NOT PREVAIL AGAINST IT. I WILL GIVE YOU THE KEYS TO THE KINGDOM OF HEAVEN. WHATEVER YOU BIND ON EARTH SHALL BE BOUND IN HEAVEN; AND WHATEVER YOU LOOSE ON EARTH SHALL BE LOOSED IN HEAVEN.” THEN HE STRICTLY ORDERED HIS DISCIPLES TO TELL NO ONE THAT HE WAS THE MESSIAH.

HISTORY OF THE CATHOLIC CHURCH

EPHPHATHA

IS THIS THE BEGINNING OF THE CATHOLIC CHURCH?

• Endow the Church with an Eternal Structure
• Choose the Apostles
• Choose Peter as the Head of the Church
• A New Commandment - Love One Another
• The Power to Forgive Sins
• Baptize all Nations
• The Power to Make Laws

THE SEEDS OF FOUNDATION

• THE INSTITUTION OF THE

EUCHARIST

• THE CHURCH MUST BE A LIGHT TO

THE WORLD

• EVEN THOUGH THEY HAD SEEN HIM, TALKED

WITH HIM, LIVED WITH HIM, THE APOSTLES STILL HAD DOUBTS

• INSTRUCTIONS TO WAIT FOR THE COMING OF

THE HOLY SPIRIT (I AM SENDING THE PROMISE OF THE FATHER UPON YOU, STAY IN THE CITY UNTIL YOU ARE CLOTHED WITH THE POWER FROM ON HIGH)

• GIFTS OF THE SPIRIT
• WISDOM, KNOWLEDGE,

UNDERSTANDING

• PIETY, COUNSEL, FORTITUDE, FEAR THE

LORD

PENTECOST

FRUITS OF THE SPIRIT

• LOVE, JOY, PEACE
• PATIENCE, KINDNESS, GENEROSITY
• FAITHFULNESS, GENTLENESS, SELF- CONTROL

THE CHURCH AFTER THE SPIRIT

• APOSTLES NOT EDUCATED OR BRAVE
• THEY CAME OUT OF ROOM FULLY CHARGED AND

FEARLESSLY THEY TOLD THE STORY OF THE LIFE, DEATH, RESURRECTION OF THE LORD JESUS

• THEY SPOKE IN TONGUES AND EVERYONE UNDERSTOOD IN

THEIR OWN LANGUAGE

• THEY SPOKE WITH CONVICTION, AUTHORITY, AND

BRAVERY

• THE PEOPLE WERE ASTONISHED
• 3000 PEOPLE WERE CONVERTED AND BAPTIZED
• NOW THE CHURCH WAS UP AND RUNNING, BUT MAYBE

NOT SO FAST

• TONIGHT, WE WILL DISCUSS THAT CHURCH
• PERSECUTION FROM WITHOUT, AND THERE WERE MANY (CHRIST

PREDICTED THIS)

• DESPITE THE HERESIES FROM WITHOUT AND FROM WITHIN, THE

CHURCH CONTINUES TO GROW

• BECAUSE CHRIST PROMISED THAT THE GATES OF HELL WOULD NOT

PREVAIL AGAINST IT, BECAUSE THE SPIRIT WHICH HE SENT TO PROTECT IT IS STILL WITH US TO GIVE US THE FULLNESS OF TRUTH

THE EARLY CHURCH

ACTS OF THE APOSTLES

• THEY ELECTED A NEW TWELFTH APOSTLE TO TAKE JUDAS’

PLACE AND HIS NAME WAS MATTHIAS (ACTS 2-15)

• HOW DID THE APOSTLES LIVE? (ACTS 3-42)
• THEY LIVED TOGETHER CARING FOR ONE ANOTHER, SHARING THE

WEALTH

• EVERYDAY WAS DEVOTED TO THE TEACHING OF THE APOSTLES

• PRAYER
• BREAKING OF THE BREAD. THE APOSTLES WERE

ABLE TO WORK MANY MIRACLES

• BECAUSE OF THE TYPE OF LIFE THEY LIVED, THEY

BECAME A LIGHT TO THE WORLD. EVERYDAY THE LORD ADDED MORE NUMBERS TO THEIR GROUP

THE CHURCH TODAY

• ESTIMATED 38,000 DIFFERENT CHRISTIAN CHURCHES TODAY
• SO, THIS MEANS THERE ARE 38,000 DIFFERENT INTERPRETATIONS OF

THE WORDS OF CHRIST

• BUT CHRIST ONLY FOUNDED ONE CHURCH AND HIS WORDS HAVE

ONLY ONE MEANING

• THE MEANINGS OF HIS WORDS ARE GIVEN TO US THROUGH HIS

APOSTLES AND THEIR SUCCESSORS THROUGH THE POPE

THE ROMAN CATHOLIC CHURCH IS THE ONLY CHURCH THAT CAN TRACE ITS ORIGINS BACK TO THE APOSTLES

(SEE HANDOUT)

NEW TESTAMENT

(A GIFT FROM THE CATHOLIC CHURCH)

• ST. MARK’S GOSPEL - FIRST NEW TESTAMENT WRITTEN AROUND 70 AD
• LAST GOSPEL WRITTEN 100 AD
• THESE BOOKS WERE WRITTEN BY HAND ON ANIMAL SKIN’S MANUSCRIPT

THE TYPICAL SERVICE

(236 AD)

• MET IN THE HOMES OF BELIEVERS
• USUALLY ON SATURDAY
• THE ORDER OF THE SERVICE
• READING FROM THE MEMOIRS OF THE APOSTLES - (NT)
• OR A READING OF THE PROPHETS - (OT)
• THE PRESENTER URGED EVERYONE TO PRACTICE WHAT THEY HAVE

HEARD

• ALL STOOD AND RECITED PRAYERS

• THE PRIESTS MIXED WATER AND WINE, BROKE THE BREAD AND GAVE TO

EVERYONE, AND ALL SAID, AMEN

• THE BODY AND BLOOD WAS THEN DISTRIBUTED TO EVERYONE PRESENT,

THEN A DEACON WOULD BRING A PORTION OF WHAT WAS LEFT TO THOSE ABSENT

• THOSE WITH WEALTH WOULD GIVE WHAT THEY WILLED - GIVEN TO THE

PRIEST TO BE GIVEN TO THE WIDOWS AND ORPHANS

• PRAYERS WERE FREE STYLE NOW - LATER PROMINENT LEADERS WROTE

PATENTED FORM PRAYERS. THESE WERE USED AS A MODEL FOR CHURCH WORSHIP

(THE OLDEST LITURGICAL FORM OF PRAYER)

(THE OLDEST LITURGICAL FORM OF PRAYER)

CHURCH ORDER OF HIPPOLYTUS (d.236)

CHURCH ORDER OF HIPPOLYTUS (d. 236)

THE OLDEST LITURGICAL FORM OF THE MASS IS FOUND IN THE CHURCH ORDER OF HIPPOLYTUS (d. 236). IT IS EVIDENTLY THE BASIS OF ALL EUCHARISTIC PRAYERS THAT HAVE SINCE BEEN

• COMPOSED. THE BISHOP LAYS HIS HANDS UPON THE BREAD AND WINE AND WATER

OFFERED UPON THE ALTAR TABLE AND BEGINS THE FOLLOWING DIALOGUE:

Bishop: The Lord be with you. Congregation: And with thy spirit. Bishop: Hearts up. Congregation: We have them to the Lord. Bishop: Let us give thanks to the Lord. Congregation: It is meet and right. Bishop: We thank thee, God, through Thy beloved Servant Jesus Christ, whom in the last times Thou hast sent us as Savior and Redeemer and Messenger of Thy counsel, the Logos who comes from Thee, through whom Thou hast made all things, whom Thou wast pleased to send from heaven into the womb of the virgin, and in her body he became flesh and was shown forth as Thy Son, born of the Holy Spirit and the virgin. To fulfill Thy will and to prepare Thee a holy people, he stretched out his hands, when he suffered, that he might release from suffering those who have believed on Thee.

And when he delivered himself to a voluntary passion, to loose death and to break

asunder the bands of the devil, and to trample hell and to enlighten the righteous and to set up the boundary stone and to manifest the resurrection, he took a loaf, gave thanks, and spake, “Take, eat, this is my body which is given for you.” Likewise also the cup and said, “This is my blood which is poured out for you. As often as you do this, you make my commemoration.” Remembering therefore his death and resurrection, we offer to Thee the loaf and the cup and give thanks to Thee that Thou hast counted us worthy to stand before Thee and to do Thee priestly service.

And we beseech Thee, that Thou send down Thy holy Spirit upon this offering of the church. Unite it and grant to all the saints who partake of it to their fulfilling with holy Spirit, to their strengthening of faith in truth, that we may praise and glorify Thee through Thy Servant Jesus Christ, through whom to Thee be glory and honour in Thy holy Church now and ever. Amen.

CHURCH HIERARCHY

• DEACONS
• PRESBYTER - PRIEST
• EPISCOPI - BISHOPS
• EACH TOWN HAD A BISHOP - MANY SMALL TOWNS HAD

AN ARCHBISHOP - CHIEF BISHOP

PRIESTS SELECTION

• 1 TIMOTHY 3: 1-13 (READ)
• SOME PRIESTS WERE APPOINTED BY LOCAL BISHOPS
• SOME BY SUPREME AUTHORITY BY THE SUCCESSORS OF

THE APOSTLES

PERSECUTIONS

• BUT THIS HELPED SPREAD THE CHURCH
• THEY TOOK THEIR FAITH WITH THEM
• AND TOLD THE STORIES OF LIFE, DEATH, AND RESURRECTION

OF JESUS CHRIST

• THE BLOOD OF THE MARTYRS WAS FERTILIZER FOR SEEDS OF

FAITH

PERSECUTIONS LASTED FOR TWO CENTURIES

• BUT THIS HELPED SPREAD THE CHURCH
• THEY TOOK THEIR FAITH WITH THEM
• AND TOLD THE STORIES OF LIFE, DEATH, AND RESURRECTION

OF JESUS CHRIST

• THE BLOOD OF THE MARTYRS WAS FERTILIZER FOR SEEDS OF

FAITH

NERO (54-68)

• HE KILLED HIS OWN MOTHER
• HE KILLED HIS SISTER
• HE KICKED HIS PREGNANT WIFE TO DEATH
• HE HATED ALL CHRISTIANS
• HE HAD A GRAND PLAN FOR A SPORTS ARENA
• HE BURNED ONE THIRD OF THE HOUSES OF ROME AND BLAMED IT

ON THE CHRISTIANS

HE KILLED ST. PETER AND ST. PAUL

666

SENATE PASSED A RESOLUTION - NERO WENT TO HELL

666

CHRISTIANS FEARED FOR THEIR LIVES

ICHTHUS

(GREEK FISH)

• JESUS CHRIST, GOD’S SON, THE SAVIOR
• AS A FISH CAN LIVE ONLY IN WATER, CHRISTIANS LIVE

ONLY THROUGH THE WATER OF BAPTISM

PROBLEMS OF THE MODERN CHURCH

• CELIBACY
• CLONING
• MARRIAGE
• WORLD POVERTY AND HUNGER
• IN

VITRO FERTILIZATION

FIRST PROBLEM OF THE EARLY CHURCH

CIRCUMCISIONS (ACTS 15:1-30)

CIRCUMCISIONS (ACTS 15:1-30) FIRST COUNCIL OF JERUSALEM

• SENT PAUL AND BARNABAS TO GATHER INFORMATION
• CALLED A COUNCIL
• PRIESTS AND BISHOPS DISCUSSED THE PROBLEM
• PRAYED FOR THE GUIDANCE OF THE HOLY SPIRIT

• PETER SPEAKS OUT AS HEAD OF THE BISHOPS AND THE

HEAD OF THE CHURCH

• ACTS 15: 28-30 (READ)
• I WILL SEND THE HOLY SPIRIT TO ENLIGHTEN AND GUIDE
• YOU. I WILL GIVE

YOU THE POWER TO MAKE LAWS THAT WILL BE BOUND IN HEAVEN AND ON EARTH

BODY OF CHRIST

WE ARE ALL PART OF THE BODY OF CHRIST AND THE CHURCH IS ALWAYS TRYING TO KEEP THE BODY TOGETHER.

• HENCE, NO BLOOD
• NO MEAT OF STRANGLED ANIMALS
• NO UNLAWFUL MARRIAGES

• THE TERM THE BODY OF CHRIST IS A MYSTERY
• NOT POETRY, NOT NICE WORDS
• WHEN ONE MEMBER OF THE BODY HURTS, THE WHOLE

BODY HURTS

• THIS IS A TRUTH FROM JESUS CHRIST HIMSELF

SAUL, WHY ARE YOU PERSECUTING ME?

THE MYSTERY OF FAITH

• A MYSTERY IS A TRUTH THAT WE CANNOT COMPREHEND AT THIS TIME
• GOD IS, BUT WE CAN’T KNOW EVERYTHING ABOUT GOD, HE IS INFINITE AND

WE ARE FINITE

• THE TRINITY - THREE PERSONS IN ONE NATURE
• THE INCARNATION WHICH IS THE PROFOUND UNITY BETWEEN THE

DIVINE AND THE HUMAN NATURE

• THE MYSTERY OF DEATH AND RESURRECTION AT SOMETIME IN THE

FUTURE WHEN OUR INTELLECT HAS BECOME CAPABLE OF UNDERSTANDING THE TRUTH WILL BE MADE KNOWN TO US

PERSECUTIONS CONTINUE

THE TEACHING OF THE CHURCH ON FASTING, THE USE OF COSMETICS, AND THE COMMAND TO LOVE YOUR ENEMIES WAS SO FOREIGN TO THE ROMAN WAY OF LIFE THAT THE KILLING CONTINUED FOR 300 YEARS. EMPEROR DIOCLETIAN KILLED 500,000 CHRISTIANS. HIS SON CONSTANTINE WANTED TO BE KING OF ROME, BUT HE HAD TO DEFEAT MAXENTIUS WITH A LARGE ARMY. IN THE YEAR 312, THE NIGHT BEFORE THE BATTLE HE HAD A DREAM AND SAW A VISION IN THE SKY. HE HAD THIS SIGN PLACED ON THE SHIELDS OF ALL HIS MEN AND THEY WON THE BATTLE.

CHI RHO “IN HOC SIGNO VINCES”

CHRISTIANS FREED FROM PERSECUTIONS

THE EDICT OF TOLERANCE EDICT OF MILAN (313)

• FREED THE CHRISTIANS FROM PERSECUTION
• ALLOWED THE CHURCH TO USE LARGE PUBLIC

BUILDINGS - BASILICA

• NOW THE CHURCH HAD LARGE BUILDINGS THEY

NEEDED:

• LECTORS

• USHERS
• CHOIR DIRECTORS
• THE LITURGY PREP COMMITTEES
• EUCHARISTIC MINISTERS

THE CHURCH BECOMES INTELLECTUAL

WITHOUT THE FEAR OF PERSECUTIONS THE CHURCH HAD TIME TO DISCUSS THE NATURE OF CHRIST AND OF HIS MOTHER, MARY WE WILL SEE LATER HOW THIS CAUSES TROUBLE IN THE CHURCH

ANCIENT RCIA CLASSES

• RECEIVED COPIES OF THE GOSPEL, CREED, AND THE “OUR FATHER”

PRAYER

• YOU WOULD BE EXAMINED TO SEE IF

YOU WOULD BE PREPARED TO TAKE UP THE CROSS AND FIGHT FOR CHRIST

• YOU WOULD RECEIVE AN EXORCISM TO CAST OUT THE EVIL SPIRIT

FROM YOUR HEART

• STAND BARE FOOTED ON ANIMAL SKINS
• BARE FEET - A SIGN OF SLAVERY TO SIN
• ANIMAL SKINS - THE SHAME OF ADAM AFTER HE SINNED

TIME TO COME INTO THE CHURCH

• FACE THE WEST TO DENOUNCE SATAN
• THE WEST IS WHERE THE SUN SETS, THE DOMAIN OF DARKNESS
• YOU WOULD BE BAPTIZED IN AN EIGHT SIDED BAPTISTRY
• OLD ROMAN BATH
• EIGHT SIDES FOR THE FIRST DAY OF THE NEW WEEK
• ANOINTED WITH OIL
• THE ROMANS ALWAYS ANOINTED WITH OIL BEFORE A SPORTING CONTEST
• THE CHRISTIANS ALWAYS ANOINTING WITH OIL TO DO BATTLE WITH EVIL

• RECEIVE A WHITE GARMENT
• THE SIGN OF HOLINESS
• TRIPLE EMERGENCE IN WATER
• ONE FOR EACH PERSON OF THE TRINITY
• SEALED ON THE FOREHEAD WITH OIL
• ROMANS BRANDED THEMSELVES TO SHOW WHICH GENERAL THEY BELONGED TO
• CHRISTIANS TO SHOW THEY BELONGED TO CHRIST

Text

COUNCIL OF HIPPO (393)

• THE CHURCH CALLED A MEETING TO DISCUSS WHICH BOOKS WERE TO BE INCLUDED IN THE BIBLE
• 46 OLD TESTAMENT - 27 NEW TESTAMENT
• THESE WERE SENT TO POPE BONIFACE TO BE CONFIRMED THAT THESE WERE FROM THE FATHER
• THE BOOKS OF:
• ECCLESIASTES
• WISDOM
• SIRACH
• TOBIT
• JUDITH
• 1ST AND 2ND MACCABEES

HERESIES FROM THIRD TO THE EIGHTH CENTURY

• ARIANISM
• NESTORIANISM
• MONOPHYSITISM

ARIANISM

CHRIST WAS NOT DIVINE OR EQUAL TO THE FATHER THE FATHER CREATED THE SON TO SAVE THE HUMAN RACE

325 - THE COUNCIL OF NICAEA

• THE POINTS OF THE NICENE CREED (SEE HANDOUTS)

381 - THE COUNCIL OF CONSTANTINOPLE (EMPEROR THEODOSIUS I)

• REINFORCED THE POINTS OF THE NICENE CREED. IN THIS

COUNCIL THEY ALSO SAID THAT THE FATHER, THE SON, AND THE HOLY SPIRIT WERE EQUAL.

NESTORIANISM

EMPHASIZED THE HUMANITY OF CHRIST, BUT NOT HIS DIVINITY MARY IS THE MOTHER OF JESUS’ HUMAN NATURE, BUT NOT HIS DIVINE NATURE HIS HUMAN NATURE IS THE SON OF MARY AND HIS DIVINE NATURE IS THE SON OF GOD

431 - THE COUNCIL OF EPHESUS (THEODOSIUS II)

• REDEFINE THE POINTS OF THE PREVIOUS COUNCIL
• DEFINE THE UNION OF CHRIST DIVINE IN HUMAN NATURE
• MARY, THE MOTHER OF GOD - THEOTOKOS, WHICH IS GOD-BEARER
• THE FORMATION OF THE ORIENTAL ORTHODOX CHURCH

MONOPHYSITISM

CHRIST WAS DIVINE ONLY AND NOT TRULY MAN

451 - THE COUNCIL OF CHALCEDON - THE LARGEST COUNCIL

• DECLARED THAT JESUS IS ETERNALLY THE SON OF GOD, THE SECOND

PERSON OF THE TRINITY, FULLY HUMAN AND FULLY DIVINE WITHOUT ONE NATURE CANCELING OUT THE OTHER AT ANY TIME.

• REINFORCED THE FINDINGS OF NICAEA AND EPHESUS
• USED THE TERM THEOTOKOS

THE DARK AGES OF HISTORY AND OF THE CHURCH (395)

• BARBARIANS (GERMANS AND HUNS INVADE ROME)
• AFTER THE FALL OF THE WEST, THE CHURCH HAD MANY EDUCATED MEN

WITH SKILLS FOR ORGANIZATION AND THESE MEN WERE CALLED INTO SERVICE TO RESTRUCTURE SOCIETY.

• THEY BECAME MAYORS AND GOVERNORS AND MORE POWERFUL POSITIONS

IN GOVERNMENT AND WHEN THE TIME CAME TO GIVE THESE POSITIONS UP , “PEOPLE BEING PEOPLE,” THEY REFUSED.

• THE DARK AGES OF THE CHURCH - 500 - 1517. CHURCH OFFICIALS CORRUPT

AT ALL LEVELS. PRIESTS, BISHOPS, AND EVEN POPES - TORTURING PEOPLE TO MAKE THEM BELIEVE AND REMAIN FAITHFUL TO THE CHURCH

• THE TEACHINGS AND THE TRUTHS OF THE CHURCH REMAINED THE

SAME, BUT SOME PRIESTS, BISHOP , AND POPES DID NOT PRACTICE WHAT THEY PREACHED

• TO COUNTERACT THIS EVIL MANY GREAT THINKERS AND DEFENDERS OF

THE FAITH DEVELOPED

• ST AUGUSTINE
• BENEDICT
• FRANCIS OF ASSISI
• DOMINIC
• THOMAS OF AQUINAS
• JOAN OF ARC
• CATHERINE OF SIENA
• GROUPS OF HOLY WOMEN: THE SISTERS OF MERCY AND THE SISTERS OF

NOTRE DAME

• SOME PATRIARCHS OF THE EAST HAD GREAT DEBATES OVER PRIESTLY

CELIBACY - USE OF UNLEAVENED BREAD FOR THE EUCHARIST AND THEY REFUSED TO BELIEVE THE STATEMENT OF THE COUNCIL THAT THE HOLY SPIRIT PROCEEDS FROM THE FATHER AND THE SON

• FORMED THE EASTERN ORTHODOX CHURCH
• OCTOBER 31, 1517, MARTIN LUTHER’S GREAT DEBATES AND HIS

EXPULSION FROM THE CHURCH

THE GREAT SCHISM (1054)

OCTOBER 31, 1517 MARTIN LUTHER’S GREAT DEBATES AND HIS EXPULSION FROM THE CHURCH