Hazard and Risk Assessment Workshop Charlotte Crooks Tara Huestis Farm Safety Coordinator Farm Safety Specialist 1
Farming and Safety • Hazards on a farm are an unavoidable reality.
Occupational Health and Safety Act Employer ’ s General Duties • Provide equipment and materials in safe condition • Provide training to workers • Identify hazards to workers • Ensure workers know the proper use of safety devices, equipment and clothing • Consult with workers on health & safety issues
Due Diligence "Due diligence" is important as a legal defense for a person charged under occupational health and safety legislation. If charged, a defendant may be found not guilty if he or she can prove that due diligence was exercised. The defendant must be able to prove that all precautions, reasonable under the circumstances, were taken to protect the health and safety of workers. Canadian Centre for Occupational Health and Safety
Due Diligence Ask : • Can a reasonable person predict or foresee something going wrong? • Is there an opportunity to prevent the injury or incident? • Who is responsible for preventing the accident or incident? Canadian Centre for Occupational Health and Safety
What is a Risk Assessment? • It is a close look at the workplace to identify things or situations that could cause harm to people. • Once they are identified, you (the employer) decide how severe the risk is and if there are precautions that you could take to prevent harm.
Using Risk Assessment • People do risk assessments every day without even thinking about it. • “ If I don ’ t get my wife a birthday gift, she ’ s going to divorce me. ” • “ If I don ’ t fully stop at the stop sign, I might get struck by another car. ”
Hazard Vs. Risk • Hazard is the situation or condition that could hurt us ( eg: getting hit by a moving car, working from a ladder, electricity) • Risk is the likelihood that the hazard can cause injury - Can increase or decrease
Risk Assessments Step 1: Identify the hazards Step 2: Assess the risks Step 3: Determine control measures Step 4: Record and implement actions Step 5: Review and update
Step 1: Hazard Identification Identifying hazards are key to preventing injuries and illness on the farm.
Step 1: Hazard Identification • Walk around the farm • Ask employees about hazards • Consult industry standards • Check manufacturers ’ instructions • Check accident records
Fatalities in Canada 1990-2006 1. Rollovers (20.5%) 2. Runovers (18.6% ) 3. Entangled (8.3% ) 4. Collision (7.3% ) 5. Pinned or struck by machine (7.0% ) 6. Animal related (5.9%) 7. Struck by object (non-machine)(5.3%) Source: Canadian Agriculture Injury Surveillance Program
Safety Hazards Machine Includes hazards from moving parts like rotating shafts, belts, pulleys, blades and saws.
Safety Hazards Energy Includes hydraulic pressure, steam, heat, electricity
Safety Hazards Material Handling Includes Manual and mechanical handling. – Lift trucks and conveyors – Handling chemicals
Health Hazards • Chemical – Compressed gasses, solvents • Physical – Noise, vibration, heat • Biological – Mould, Bacteria, viruses • Ergonomics –workplace design, repetition
Step 2: Assess the Risks Risk is the chance that an existing hazard may cause harm or injury. Ask: • Is it likely or unlikely to occur? • How often? • Could it cause death, serious injury or minor injury?
Risk Factors People: Training, age of worker, stress, experience, not following safety rules
Risk Factors Equipment: Guarding, maintenance, warning signs Are we using the right tools for the job?
Risk Factors Materials: Type of material handled Amount of material handled Exposure to material
Risk Factors Environment: weather conditions, terrain, slopes, lighting, ventilation, noise
Risk Factors Process: Pace and type of work, how the work is done, safety rules, procedures
Rank the Hazards • Impact/Degree of Harm – Consider the impact the hazard can have to safety, production, environment, or property damage • Probability – Frequency of exposure to the hazard – Percentage of workers exposed – Probability of occurrence (has it happened before?)
Risk Analysis Matrix E - Extremely High H - High Frequent Likely Occasional Seldom M - Moderate L - Low E E H H Major Death, permanent disability E H H M Serious Serious bodily injury H M M L Minor Casualty treatment M L L L Negligible First Aid only, no lost time
Step 3: Determine Control Measures Control the Risk: Find ways to control or eliminate the hazard to decrease the risk of injury. Ask: What am I already doing? What else can I do to reduce the risk?
Control the Hazard 1. Eliminate 2. Substitute 3. Engineering 4. Administrative 5. Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)
Control the Hazard Eliminate: Get rid of the hazard. Cull a cross bull, get rid of faulty machinery, put hilly terrain to pasture land
Control the Hazard Substitute: Substitute something safer that will do the same task. Material, chemical, machine, work practice
Control the Hazard Engineering: Designs that separate the worker from the hazard. Machine guards, ROP, fence, locate bins away from power lines, ventilation, lock out/tag out, emergency shut off.
Control the Hazard Administrative: Safe work procedures that reduce the risk. Safety rules, worker training, job rotation, signs
Control the Hazard Personal Protective Equipment (PPE): The last line of defense. Respirator, gloves, work boots, hearing protection
Step 4: Record and Implement • Begin with the hazards that have the highest risk of injury or death. • Consider short term and long term solutions. • Assign a person responsible for actions. • Inspect hazards to make sure that control measures are still in place.
Step 4: Record and Implement Record: • The results of the risk assessments • Person responsible for implementing a control and date completed
Keep Records: • Risk Assessment • Safety rules • Training Logs • Maintenance Logs • New procedure “ If it ’ s not written down, it didn ’ t happen! ”
Step 5: Review and Update When? • Annually • New equipment • New products • New hazards
Step 5: Review and Update Ask: • Can I make an improvement? • Have there been incidents? • Have workers spotted a problem?
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