HAR HARVARD ARD RE REFE FERENCING RENCING By: Sharuga Rajeswara - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

HAR HARVARD ARD RE REFE FERENCING RENCING

By: Sharuga Rajeswara

Purpose of referencing

■ Demonstrate researched appropriate literature/ undertaken reading ■ Acknowledge used ideas of others (avoid plagiarism) ■ Key to good academic practice ■ Enhances the presentation of your work ■ Shows writing based on knowledge/informed by appropriate academic reading ■ Enables person reading your work to trace source used/give credit for effort/quality

In-text and end-text citation

■ In-text citation (within sentences) and end-text citation (reference list) should be provided

In-text and end-text citation

■ In text t cita tati tion

• n

■ PESTEL analysis encourages the development of strategic thinking (Hassan, 2014) and helps to understand the business environment better (Sun, 2014). Disagreeing to this, Dransfield (2004) believes that SWOT is a single tool to investigate the internal and external environment; whereas, PESTEL only examines the external factors. ■ Referen ence ce list

Hassan, R.E. (2014) Starting a Small Business. Google Books [Online]. Available at: https://books.google.lk/books?id=XNmbI1kjiScC&dq=definition+of+swot+analysis+of+the+ business&source=gbs_navlinks_s (Accessed: 24 October 2017). Sun, T. (2014) Youth Offending and Restorative Justice. Google Books https://books.google.lk/books/about/Youth_Offending_and_Restorative_Justice.html?id=Ad bKQV4HhdgC&redir_esc=y (Accessed: 24 October 2017). Dransfield, A.E. (2004) Starting a Small Business. Google Books [Online]. Available at: https://books.google.lk/books?id=XNmbI1kjiScC&dq=definition+of+swot+analysis+of+the+ business&source=gbs_navlinks_s (Accessed: 24 October 2017).

In In-text xt Ci Cita tati tion

• n

 Direct

rect Ci Citation ion

Author’s name followed by date of publication

■

E.g. Gabe (2011) argues that..

 Indir

irect ect Ci Citation ion

E.g. Training and development endures an employee

to be skilled, competed and knowledgeable as per the job requirements (Aguinis and Kraiger, 2009).

Referencing in the text

 If there are two authors, cite both

e.g. (Morris and Scott, 1996)

 If there are more than three authors use et al.

e.g. (Williams et al., 2012)

 Citing sources that have not been read directly

... (Denney 2005, cited in Moore, 2008)

• in the bibliography just reference Moore 2008
• only list texts in the bibliography if you have actua

ually read them! m!

Act ctiv ivit ity 1 y 1

 Aguinis and Kraiger (2009) present that training

and development endures an employee to be skilled, competed and knowledgeable as per the job requirements. Moreover, training increase the productivity and profitability (Silberman, 2006), job satisfaction (Williams et al., 2012) and commitment towards achieving the organisational goals (Nadeem, 2010).

Di Direc ect Quo t Quote e - In In-text xt ci cita tati tion

• n

 Everything is same as the pervious in-text citation.

However, include the page number in the in-text citation.

 E.g. direct citation – Harris (2008, p.56) argues that

“continuous training keeps employees up-to-date

• n new trends”.

 Indirect citation - Thereby, “training program is not

• nly beneficial for the organisation itself but also to

the individual employees” (Davies, 2007, p.124).

Act ctiv ivit ity 2 y 2

 Bassett-Jones and Lloyd (2005, p.345) present

“Two Factor Theory also known as Herzberg's Motivation Theory is originated by Frederick Irving Herzberg in 1959”. The theory emerged by the interviewing accountants and engineers by asking the respondents to describe a work situation (Ruthankoon and Ogunlana, 2003). Additionally, “this theory provides feasible solutions for problems faced in an organisation” (Davies and Hertig, 2008, p.255).

End End-text xt Ci Cita tati tion

• n (Ref

efere erence nce lis ist) t)

 Sources cited in main text should be in the

reference list

 Publications by a single author should come before

joint publications by the same author

 If there are two books/articles by the same author

in the same year, distinguish by using ‘a’, ‘b’ etc after the date

 Titles of books and journals should be in italics  Don’t use numbers/bullet points before each source  Finally, arrange the list in alphabetical order

Ex Exam amples les – Go Goog

• gle

le Bo Book

• ks

s

 Single author: ■ Hall, R.E. (2003) Starting a Small Business. Google Books

[Online]. Available at: https://books.google.lk/books?id=XNmbI1kjiScC&dq=definitio n+of+swot+analysis+of+the+business&source=gbs_navlinks_ s (Accessed: 24 October 2016).

 Joint authors: ■ Crawford, A. and Newburn, T. (2003) Youth Offending and

Restorative Justice. Google Books https://books.google.lk/books/about/Youth_Offending_and_Re storative_Justice.html?id=AdbKQV4HhdgC&redir_esc=y (Accessed: 24 October 2016).

 Edited book: ■ Lee, R. and Stanko, E. (eds) Researching Violence. London:

Routledge.

Ex Exam amples les – Go Goog

• gle

le Bo Book

• ks

s

■ https://books.google.lk/books?id=D78K7QIdR3UC&printsec=fro ntcover&dq=HR+practices+Armstrong&hl=en&sa=X&redir_esc=y #v=onepage&q=HR%20practices%20Armstrong&f=false

Ex Exam amples les – Jo Jour urna nal l Ar Arti ticl cle

 Printed journal article

Beck, U. (2000) ‘The cosmopolitan position: Sociology of the second age of modernity’, British Journal of Sociology ,51 (1), pp.79-107.

 Online journal article

Polychronidou, P., Ioannidou, E., Kipouros, A., Tsourgiannis,

• L. and Simet, G.F. (2014) ‘Corporate social responsibility in

Greek banking sector – An Empirical Research’, Procedia Economics and Finance, 42(2), pp.193–199. Science Direct [Online] DOI: 10.1016/S2212-5671(14)00020-3 (Accessed: 30 September 2014).

There is no need to write Volume 51, Number 1, pages 79-107.

On On l lin ine Jo e Jour urna nals ls

 What is a DOI? ■

• digital object identifier

■

• permanent identifier used by publishers so

article can always be found on line

■

• usually found at start of article

■

• if you use a full-text data base service

like EBSCO - is no DOI – use data base URL (URL = http://.....(Accessed: 18 June 2012).

On On l lin ine Jo e Jour urna nals ls

■ http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S096959310 4000642

Cit itin ing Web ebsi sites es

 In-text citation within paragraph: ■

e.g. (Coca-Cola, 2016)

 End-text citation  Coca-Cola (2016) Brands. Available at: http://www.coca-

cola.com/global/glp.html (Accessed: 19 March 2016).

 If you cite different pages from the same website,

distinguish them by adding [a], [b] etc after the reference to the website in the essay

Cit itin ing Web ebsi sites es

■ https://www.dilmahtea.com/tea-information-training-knowledge/ ■ https://www.thebodyshop.com/about-us/our-commitment

Ex Exam amples les in in th the T e Text xt

 The program informs and encourages participants

• n the importance of recycling used beverage

containers (Coca-Cola, 2016[a]). Additionally, Coca-Cola often partners on initiatives with our key retail partners(Coca-Cola, 2016[b]).

End End-text xt ci cita tati tion

• n of
• f web

ebsi site

 Coca-Cola. (2016[a]) Sustainable packaging.

[online] Available from: http://www.coca- colacompany.com/our-company/5by20-what- were-doing (Accessed: 19 March 2016).

 Coca-Cola. (2016[b]) 2020 sustainability

• commitments. Available from: http://www.coca-

colacompany.com/brands/the-coca-cola- company (Accessed: 19 March 2016).

Activity 03

■ Printed book ■ Google book ■ Book with edition ■ Book with no author ■ Printed Journal articles ■ E-journal with DOI ■ E-journal with URL

Activity 03

■ Printed newspaper ■ Newspaper article on internet ■ Website with organisational name ■ Website with individual author ■ Web pages with no authors ■ Research report ■ Company annual reports ■ Reports from online database

Homework

■ Type and bring the printed version of reference list

 2 Google book  2 Journal article (e-journal)  1 Website

USEFUL EFUL GUIDE IDE

 Always refer to the “CITE THEM RIGHT”

document for in-text and end-text citation