HAR HARVARD ARD RE REFE FERENCING RENCING By: Sharuga Rajeswara
Purpose of referencing ■ Demonstrate researched appropriate literature/ undertaken reading ■ Acknowledge used ideas of others (avoid plagiarism) ■ Key to good academic practice ■ Enhances the presentation of your work ■ Shows writing based on knowledge/informed by appropriate academic reading ■ Enables person reading your work to trace source used/give credit for effort/quality
In-text and end-text citation ■ In-text citation (within sentences) and end-text citation (reference list) should be provided
In-text and end-text citation ■ In text t cita tati tion on ■ PESTEL analysis encourages the development of strategic thinking (Hassan, 2014) and helps to understand the business environment better (Sun, 2014). Disagreeing to this, Dransfield (2004) believes that SWOT is a single tool to investigate the internal and external environment; whereas, PESTEL only examines the external factors. ■ Referen ence ce list Hassan, R.E. (2014) Starting a Small Business. Google Books [Online]. Available at: https://books.google.lk/books?id=XNmbI1kjiScC&dq=definition+of+swot+analysis+of+the+ business&source=gbs_navlinks_s (Accessed: 24 October 2017). Sun, T. (2014) Youth Offending and Restorative Justice. Google Books https://books.google.lk/books/about/Youth_Offending_and_Restorative_Justice.html?id=Ad bKQV4HhdgC&redir_esc=y (Accessed: 24 October 2017). Dransfield, A.E. (2004) Starting a Small Business. Google Books [Online]. Available at: https://books.google.lk/books?id=XNmbI1kjiScC&dq=definition+of+swot+analysis+of+the+ business&source=gbs_navlinks_s (Accessed: 24 October 2017).
In In-text xt Ci Cita tati tion on Direct rect Ci Citation ion Author’s name followed by date of publication E.g. Gabe (2011) argues that.. ■ Indir irect ect Ci Citation ion E.g. Training and development endures an employee to be skilled, competed and knowledgeable as per the job requirements (Aguinis and Kraiger, 2009).
Referencing in the text If there are two authors, cite both e.g. (Morris and Scott, 1996) If there are more than three authors use et al. e.g. (Williams et al. , 2012) Citing sources that have not been read directly ... (Denney 2005, cited in Moore, 2008) - in the bibliography just reference Moore 2008 - only list texts in the bibliography if you have actua ually read them! m!
Act ctiv ivit ity 1 y 1 Aguinis and Kraiger (2009) present that training and development endures an employee to be skilled, competed and knowledgeable as per the job requirements. Moreover, training increase the productivity and profitability (Silberman, 2006), job satisfaction (Williams et al., 2012) and commitment towards achieving the organisational goals (Nadeem, 2010).
Di Direc ect Quo t Quote e - In In-text xt ci cita tati tion on Everything is same as the pervious in-text citation. However, include the page number in the in-text citation. E.g. direct citation – Harris (2008, p.56) argues that “continuous training keeps employees up -to-date on new trends”. Indirect citation - Thereby, “training program is not only beneficial for the organisation itself but also to the individual employees” (Davies, 2007, p.124).
Act ctiv ivit ity 2 y 2 Bassett-Jones and Lloyd (2005, p.345) present “Two Factor Theory also known as Herzberg's Motivation Theory is originated by Frederick Irving Herzberg in 1959”. The theory emerged by the interviewing accountants and engineers by asking the respondents to describe a work situation (Ruthankoon and Ogunlana, 2003). Additionally, “this theory provides feasible solutions for problems faced in an organisation ” (Davies and Hertig, 2008, p.255).
End End-text xt Ci Cita tati tion on (Ref efere erence nce lis ist) t) Sources cited in main text should be in the reference list Publications by a single author should come before joint publications by the same author If there are two books/articles by the same author in the same year, distinguish by using ‘a’, ‘b’ etc after the date Titles of books and journals should be in italics Don’t use numbers/bullet points before each source Finally, arrange the list in alphabetical order
Ex Exam amples les – Go Goog ogle le Bo Book oks s Single author: ■ Hall, R.E. (2003) Starting a Small Business. Google Books [Online]. Available at: https://books.google.lk/books?id=XNmbI1kjiScC&dq=definitio n+of+swot+analysis+of+the+business&source=gbs_navlinks_ s (Accessed: 24 October 2016). Joint authors: ■ Crawford, A. and Newburn, T. (2003) Youth Offending and Restorative Justice. Google Books https://books.google.lk/books/about/Youth_Offending_and_Re storative_Justice.html?id=AdbKQV4HhdgC&redir_esc=y (Accessed: 24 October 2016). Edited book: ■ Lee, R. and Stanko, E. (eds) Researching Violence . London: Routledge.
Ex Exam amples les – Go Goog ogle le Bo Book oks s ■ https://books.google.lk/books?id=D78K7QIdR3UC&printsec=fro ntcover&dq=HR+practices+Armstrong&hl=en&sa=X&redir_esc=y #v=onepage&q=HR%20practices%20Armstrong&f=false
Ex Exam amples les – Jo Jour urna nal l Ar Arti ticl cle Printed journal article Beck, U. (2000) ‘The cosmopolitan position: Sociology of the second age of modernity’, British Journal of Sociology ,51 (1), pp.79-107. Online journal article Polychronidou, P., Ioannidou, E., Kipouros, A., Tsourgiannis, L. and Simet , G.F. (2014) ‘Corporate social responsibility in Greek banking sector – An Empirical Research’, Procedia Economics and Finance , 42(2), pp.193 – 199. Science Direct [Online] DOI: 10.1016/S2212-5671(14)00020-3 (Accessed: 30 September 2014). There is no need to write Volume 51, Number 1, pages 79-107.
On On l lin ine Jo e Jour urna nals ls What is a DOI? - digital object identifier ■ - permanent identifier used by publishers so ■ article can always be found on line - usually found at start of article ■ - if you use a full-text data base service like ■ EBSCO - is no DOI – use data base URL (URL = http://.....(Accessed: 18 June 2012).
On On l lin ine Jo e Jour urna nals ls ■ http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S096959310 4000642
Cit itin ing Web ebsi sites es In-text citation within paragraph: e.g. (Coca-Cola, 2016) ■ End-text citation Coca-Cola (2016) Brands . Available at: http://www.coca- cola.com/global/glp.html (Accessed: 19 March 2016). If you cite different pages from the same website, distinguish them by adding [a], [b] etc after the reference to the website in the essay
Cit itin ing Web ebsi sites es ■ https://www.dilmahtea.com/tea-information-training-knowledge/ ■ https://www.thebodyshop.com/about-us/our-commitment
Ex Exam amples les in in th the T e Text xt The program informs and encourages participants on the importance of recycling used beverage containers (Coca-Cola, 2016[a]). Additionally, Coca-Cola often partners on initiatives with our key retail partners(Coca-Cola, 2016[b]).
End End-text xt ci cita tati tion on of of web ebsi site Coca-Cola. (2016[a]) Sustainable packaging. [online] Available from: http://www.coca- colacompany.com/our-company/5by20-what- were-doing (Accessed: 19 March 2016). Coca-Cola. (2016[b]) 2020 sustainability commitments. Available from: http://www.coca- colacompany.com/brands/the-coca-cola- company (Accessed: 19 March 2016).
Activity 03 ■ Printed book ■ Google book ■ Book with edition ■ Book with no author ■ Printed Journal articles ■ E-journal with DOI ■ E-journal with URL
Activity 03 ■ Printed newspaper ■ Newspaper article on internet ■ Website with organisational name ■ Website with individual author ■ Web pages with no authors ■ Research report ■ Company annual reports ■ Reports from online database
Homework ■ Type and bring the printed version of reference list 2 Google book 2 Journal article (e-journal) 1 Website
USEFUL EFUL GUIDE IDE Always refer to the “CITE THEM RIGHT” document for in-text and end-text citation
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