greywater treatment and reuse Jhonatan B. da Silva, Paulo J.A. - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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greywater treatment and reuse Jhonatan B. da Silva, Paulo J.A. - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Jul 18, 2023 371 likes •690 views

A modified constructed wetland system for greywater treatment and reuse Jhonatan B. da Silva, Paulo J.A. Oliveira, Marc . Boncz Paula L. Paulo Background Greywater (gw) Composition and volume /person highly variable Due to (among others):

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A modified constructed wetland system for greywater treatment and reuse

Jhonatan B. da Silva, Paulo J.A. Oliveira, Marc Á. Boncz Paula L. Paulo

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Contains chemicals and hardly any nutrients High solids concentration (even light gw (hair and lint) Due to (among others):

  • dynamics and

behaviour of individuals, sanitary standards, age, lifestyle, eating habits, water use and availability, choice on personal care and household products

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Composition and volume /person highly variable

Background

Greywater (gw)

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SLIDE 3

choice – some points to be considered

  • required quality of the effluent (reuse

applicable?)

  • Sustainability of household or small scale

system:

  • Cost
  • Operation and maintenance requirements
  • Odour nuisance
  • Health risks

Background

Greywater treatment (small scale)

3

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SLIDE 4

Natural treatment systems

  • Good visual impact
  • Landscaping: total integration with ndividual gardens
  • r common areas (condominial)
  • May promote water conservation by the direct reuse of

GW

  • Increase of green sites in urban areas – expected

contribution to an improvement of microclimate.

Background

Greywater treatment

4

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SLIDE 5

Constructed wetlands

  • Most common system for small scale greywater

treatment (peri-urban, rural areas)

  • Simplified and low-cost treatment system
  • Clog easily depending on substrate type and influent

characteristics

  • Requires a pre-treatment unit (e.g. septic or sed tank)

How to adapt for the use in urban area?

Background

Greywater treatment

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high variation Composition and volume High impact Household or swws

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SLIDE 6

soil and plants based system

  • Inbuilt AnC (car tires)
  • Layers of different substrates
  • Fast growing, high water

consumption plants

  • Effluent percolates upwards

through the layers

Background

Evapotranspiration tank (Tevap)

6

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  • AnC replaces a pre-treatment unit
  • retaining solids
  • equalising the inflows
  • avoiding clogging
  • improving the stability of the

system

  • low maintenance

Background

Hypothesis

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CEvaT AnC

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SLIDE 8
  • Combination of CEvaT + HSSF-CW
  • Main focus: direct reuse of gw for

gardening using the system itself

Background

EvaTAC

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CEvaT HSSF-CW EVaTAC

greywater

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SLIDE 9

Background

EvaTAC

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CEvaT Zero discharge

HSSF-CW

Combination of units: depends on final use (if any)

CEvaT + HSSF-CW Treated GW

GW

CEvaT CEvaT CEvaT

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SLIDE 10
  • To propose a modified design of a cw system

for GW - EvaTAC

  • To better understand the capacity of the AnC

to equalise the daily variation of flow and

  • rganic load in the EvaTAC.
  • real scale EvaTAC system
  • 24 hours and 8 days monitoring profiles

10

Objectives

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SLIDE 11

Dimensions CEvaT: 2.0 m × 1 m × 1.05 m (level exit - 0.74 m) HSSF-CW: 2.0 m × 1 m × 0.60 m (level exit - 0.4 m) Material Masonry, lined with Fiberglass Full scale - 3 persons household 3 years in operation, Light greywater Ornamental Plants White ginger, Caladium, Canna x generalis (beri), heliconia pisittacorum (parrot´s peak)

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Material & Methods

Experimental setup - EvaTAC

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SLIDE 12

Material & Methods

Experimental setup - EvaTAC

12 gravel n 4 gravel n 2 soil fine gravel

gravel n 2 gravel n 2

HSSF-CW CEvaT

AnC

piezometers

Fiberglass D=0.5 m

  • Filtering material
  • Gravel (different

particle sizes)

  • Soil
  • Geotextile blanket
  • Bottom slope: 1%
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SLIDE 13

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Material & Methods

monitoring profiles

.

P1 P1 P2 P2 P3 P3 P4 P4

Profile A 24 h, sinks and showers Profile B 24h , sinks, showers and laundry (washing machine) Profile C 8 days, same as B

PZ PZ

  • Greywater characterisation (routine

simulation)

  • Interviews
  • Questionnaires (filled during the profiles)
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SLIDE 14

Material & Methods

Monitoring profiles

Quantitative characterisation

  • Flow meters (generation

points)

  • P4 - Ultrasonic flow meter
  • Levellogers (piezometers

– closest to the exit in both units)

  • Meteorological station

(hidrological conditions) Qualitative characterisation

  • grab or composite

samples - depending on situation

  • Parameters
  • CODtotal, CODsoluble,

Solids, turbidity, pH

  • Sensors: temperature,

conductivity, redox potential.

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SLIDE 15

Results

Profile B - Flow patterns and level

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2 4 6 8 10 12 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1

Time (d) Q (L.min-1)

Q - P1 Q - P3 Q - P4

bath 1 bath 2 washing rinsing

73 74 75 76 77 78 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1

Time (d) Level CEvaT (cm)

35 36 37 38 39 40

Level HSSF-CW (cm)

Level CEvaT Level HSSF-CW

DAY NIGHT NIGHT

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SLIDE 16

Results

Profile B - Flow patterns and level

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2 4 6 8 10 12 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1

Time (d) Q (L.min-1)

Q - P1 Q - P3 Q - P4

bath 1 bath 2 washing rinsing

73 74 75 76 77 78 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1

Time (d) Level CEvaT (cm)

35 36 37 38 39 40

Level HSSF-CW (cm)

Level CEvaT Level HSSF-CW

DAY NIGHT NIGHT

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SLIDE 17

Results

Profile B - Flow patterns and level

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2 4 6 8 10 12 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1

Time (d) Q (L.min-1)

Q - P1 Q - P3 Q - P4

bath 1 bath 2 washing rinsing

73 74 75 76 77 78 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1

Time (d) Level CEvaT (cm)

35 36 37 38 39 40

Level HSSF-CW (cm)

Level CEvaT Level HSSF-CW

DAY NIGHT NIGHT Level CW Level CEvaT

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SLIDE 18

Results

Profile B - Flow patterns and level

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2 4 6 8 10 12 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1

Time (d) Q (L.min-1)

Q - P1 Q - P3 Q - P4

bath 1 bath 2 washing rinsing

73 74 75 76 77 78 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1

Time (d) Level CEvaT (cm)

35 36 37 38 39 40

Level HSSF-CW (cm)

Level CEvaT Level HSSF-CW

DAY NIGHT NIGHT Level CW Level CEvaT evapotranspiration

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19 A

Results

Profiles A, B and C Inflow volume and Evapotranspiration

B C A B C

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SLIDE 20

20 A

Results

Evapotranspiration – Profiles A, B and C

B C A B C

CEvAT HSSF-CW

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21

CEvaT – higher potential for evapotranspiration (soil, plants density) About 4 times the Evap in the HSSF-CW

A

Results

Evapotranspiration – Profiles A, B and C

B C A B C

CEvAT HSSF-CW

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SLIDE 22

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Profile B (1 d) Profile C (8 d)

QP1 = 8.3 L.min-1 QP1 = 6.6 ± 2.2(36) L.min-1

sampling point

P1 P2 P3 P4 P1 P2 P3 P4 CODt

(mg.L-1)

290 113 55 41 307 ± 190(8) 147 ± 67(8) 118 ± 21(8) 73 ± 16(8)

T

(NTU)

60 35 40 9.3 56 ± 17(8) 45 ± 17(8) 43 ± 12(8) 10 ± 1.5(8)

Results qualitative - Profiles B and C

COD and Turbidity to illustrate behaviour No means to assess removal efficiency

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Profile B (1 d) Profile C (8 d)

QP1 = 8.3 L.min-1 QP1 = 6.6 ± 2.2(36) L.min-1

sampling point

P1 P2 P3 P4 P1 P2 P3 P4 CODt

(mg.L-1)

290 113 55 41 307 ± 190(8) 147 ± 67(8) 118 ± 21(8) 73 ± 16(8)

T

(NTU)

60 35 40 9.3 56 ± 17(8) 45 ± 17(8) 43 ± 12(8) 10 ± 1.5(8)

Results qualitative - Profiles B and C

Turbidity Low variation between AnC and CevAT (P2 - P3) Most retained in HSSF-CW (P4)

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SLIDE 24

24

Profile B (1 d) Profile C (8 d)

QP1 = 8.3 L.min-1 QP1 = 6.6 ± 2.2(36) L.min-1

sampling point

P1 P2 P3 P4 P1 P2 P3 P4 CODt

(mg.L-1)

290 113 55 41 307 ± 190(8) 147 ± 67(8) 118 ± 21(8) 73 ± 16(8)

T

(NTU)

60 35 40 9.3 56 ± 17(8) 45 ± 17(8) 43 ± 12(8) 10 ± 1.5(8)

Results qualitative - Profiles B and C

Profiles B and C higher variation than Profile A P1 - CODtotal as high as 900 mg.L-1 HRT (average) CEvaT – 3 to 6 days HSSF-CW – 1.8 to 2 days EVaTAC - 5 to 8 days Does not reflect in final effluent (Profile C – 8d)

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Results qualitative - Profile B

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100 200 300 400 500 600 700 P1-1 P1-2 P1-3 P2-1 P2-2 P2-3 P2-4 P3-1 P3-2 P3-3 P4-1 P4-2 P4-3

COD (mg.L-1)

CODtotal CODdissolved

Variation of COD (total and dissolved) along P1 to P4 Inlet AnC

  • utlet

CEvaT

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SLIDE 26

Results qualitative - Profile B

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100 200 300 400 500 600 700 P1-1 P1-2 P1-3 P2-1 P2-2 P2-3 P2-4 P3-1 P3-2 P3-3 P4-1 P4-2 P4-3

COD (mg.L-1)

CODtotal CODdissolved

Anaerobic chamber

Indicates mixture in the AnC – mixed flow reator?

Variation of COD (total and dissolved) along P1 to P4

Washing machine shower Before wm After wm

Stable values for COD in P4 along Profiles B and C

  • utlet
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Conclusions

  • Monitoring profiles - appropriate tool to better

understand the capacity of the AnC to equalise the daily variation of flow and organic load in the EvaTAC .

  • For low flows (sinks and showers) no mixing
  • bserved in the. For higher flows (e.g. washing

machine) the AnC attenuates the peak load and stabilises the system.

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SLIDE 28
  • AnC replaces a pre-treatment unit.
  • The HSSF-CW operates as an efficient polishing

unit.

  • CEvaT and HSSF-CW complement each other.
  • 3 years of operation: no sludge withdrawal, no

maintenance in the distribution pipe (inlet) of the HSSF-CW.

  • householders routine undisturbed, rendering a

green site totally integrated into the garden, without the use of potable water for irrigation.

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Conclusions

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SLIDE 29

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During the experiments (2015) Present days (2016)

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Thanks for the attention!

Acknowledgments

FINEP – project nº.01.10.0507.00 Fundect- MS – project nº 021/11 and PhD grant