Progress of Water Environment Governance in Myanmar The 15 th WEPA Annual Meeting and International Workshop 6-8 February 2020 Bangkok, Thailand
Presentation Outline Overview of Water Environment Governance Problems on Water Environment Governance Sector Challenges for Water Environment Governance Legislative Framework for Water Environment Governance Institutional Framework for Water Environment Governance Water Quality Monitoring Framework Enforcement Instruments for Water Environment Governance Facts and Statistics of Water Quality Current Domestic & Industrial Wastewater Management in Major Cities (Nay Pyi Taw, Yangon and Mandalay) Future Plans on Water Environment Governance Gaps for Water Environment Governance Way Forward on Water Environment Governance
Overview of Water Environment Governance Nati tion onal Envi viron ronme mental ntal Cons nserva vatio tion n and d Climate mate Chang hange e Cent entral ral Commit mittee tee Cooperation with International Organizations Myanmar ar Nati tional al Water ter Reso sources ces Commi mmittee tee National Myanmar Regulations Environmental National of Relevant Quality (Emission) Water Policy Ministries Guidelines SDG S Water Industrial Surface Water Domestic Water Quality Environmental Wastewater Wastewater Control Governance Approach ( Environmentally Sound Management) Cooperation and Coordination between Relevant Ministries and Organizations
Problems on Water Environment Governance Sector Dischargi charging indust strial rial waste e water er to Water er Pollu llutio ion Plast stic ic Waste e Pollu llutio tion the river ver witho hout treatment (Mandala alay) Water er Pollu llutio ion Water er Pollu llutio ion Wastew ewate ater Discharge charge Without t Treatm atmen ent
Challenges for Water Environment Governance Industrial Development Baseline Water Stakeholder Involvement Quality Data Water Environment Governance Technical Monitoring Needs System Financial Coordination Support
Legislative Framework for Water Environment Governance
Myanmar National Water Policy • Myanmar National Water Policy was adopted in August, 2015. • It is aiming to take cognizance of the existing situation, to propose a framework for creation of a system of laws and institutions and for a plan of a action with a unified national perspective including the Myanmar National Water Framework Directive. Water Law
Myanmar Sustainable Development Plan (MSDP) A Peaceful, Prosperous and Democratic Myanmar Goal 1 Goal 2 Goal 3 Goal 4 Goal 5 Peace, National Economic Job Creation and Human Resources Natural Resources Reconciliation, Stability, and Private-Sector-led & Social and the Security and Good Strengthen Macro- Growth Development Environment for Governance economic the National Management Prosperity Pillar 1 Pillar 2 Pillar 3 Peace and Stability Prosperity and People and Planet Partnership 8
Goal 5: Natural Resources and the Environment for National Prosperity (6 Strategies and 54 action plans) Strategy 5.1: Managing biodiversity and the environment in a sustainable manner for sound and resilient ecosystems (15 action plans) Strategy 5.2: Increasing climate-resilience and shifting to a low-carbon growth pathway (9 action plans) Strategy 5.3: Providing safe and equitable water and sanitation in ways that ensure environmental sustainability (7 action plans) Strategy 5.4: Providing affordable and reliable energy supply to population and industries (8 action plans) Strategy 5.5: Improving land governance and sustainably managing resource-based industries (6 action plans) Strategy 5.6: Managing cities and towns efficiently and sustainably (9 action plans) 9
Environmental Law & Regulations (Existing) • Environmental Conservation Law (2012) • Environmental Conservation Rules (2014) • Environmental Impact Assessment Procedures (2015) • National Environmental Quality (Emission) Guidelines (2015) • Notification for (9) Priority Sectors among Existing Industries to conduct Environmental Management Plan (2018) • National Environmental Policy of Myanmar (2019) • Myanmar Climate Change Policy, Strategy and Master Plan (2019) • National Waste Management Strategy and Master Plan for Myanmar (2018- 2030) – (2020)
National Environmental Policy of Myanmar (2019)
Myanmar Climate Change Policy (2019) Vision • Myanmar’s vision is to be a climate-resilient, low-carbon society that is sustainable, prosperous and inclusive, for the wellbeing of preset and future generations. Purpose • Take and promote climate change action on adaptation and mitigation in Myanmar; • Integrate climate change adaptation and mitigation considerations into Myanmar’s national priorities and across all levels and sectors in an iterative and progressive manner; and • Take decisions to create and maximize opportunities for sustainable, low carbon, climate resilient development, ensuring benefits for all. Guiding Principles Six Sectoral Clusters • Sustainable Development • Food and water security • Precaution • Healthy ecosystems • Prevention • Low-carbon and resilient growth • Environmental integrity • Resilient urban and rural settlements • • Shared responsibility and cooperation Human wellbeing • • Knowledge, awareness and research Inclusiveness • Good governance • Climate justice and equity • Gender equality and women’s empowerment
Institutional Framework for Water Environment Governance
Departments, Ministries and Organizations which are related with Water Sector No. Department Ministry / Organization Duties and Functions 1. Environmental Conservation Ministry of Natural Resources and Formulation National EQS including Water Department Environmental Conservation Quality Standards 2. Forest Department Ministry of Natural Resources and Reforestation and Conservation of Forest Environmental Conservation including Watershed Areas 3. Irrigation and Water Utilization Ministry of Agriculture, Livestock and Provision of Irrigation Water to Farmland Management Department Irrigation 4. Water Resources Utilization Ministry of Agriculture, Livestock and Irrigation and Rural Water Supply Department Irrigation 5. Directorate of Water Resources and Ministry of Transport and Communication River Training and Navigation Improvement of River System 6. DISI Ministry of Planning, Finance and Industry Industrial Water Use and Discharge 7. Department of Metrology and Ministry of Transport and Communication Water Assessment of Major Rivers Hydrology 8. Department of Urban and Housing Ministry of Construction Domestic Water Supply Development 9. Department of Public Health Ministry of Health and Sports Environmental Health, Water Quality Assessment and Control 10. Department of Development Affairs Ministry of Border Areas Development Rural Water Supply and Sanitation Affairs 11. Department of Research and Innovation Ministry of Education Formulation National Standards 12. Water and Sanitation Department City Development Committees (Yangon, Water Supply and Sanitation at City Areas Mandalay, Nay Pyi Taw)
Coordination Mechanism between the relevant ministries and organizations National Environment Conservation and Climate Change Committee led by Vice President Policy, Law, Regulation, procedure and Standards Working Committee Climate Change Mitigation and Adaptation Working Committee Regions/States Natural Resources, Biodiversity, Culture Heritage Conservation Working Committee Environment and Climate Change Industrial Plans, Urban, Rural Waste Management Working Committee Supervision Committee Environmental Capacity Building Development, Education and Awareness Working Committee Green Economy Development Working Committee
Water Quality Monitoring Framework
Environmental Conservation Law Chapter VII Environmental Conservation 13. The Ministry shall, under the guidance of the Committee, maintain a comprehensive monitoring system and implement by itself or in co-ordination with relevant Government departments and organizations in the following matters: (a) the use of agro-chemicals which cause to impact on the environment significantly; (b) transport, storage, use, treatment and disposal of pollutants and hazardous substances in industries; (c) disposal of wastes come out from exploration, production and treatment of minerals, industrial mineral raw materials and gems; (d) carrying out waste disposal and sanitation works; (e) carrying out development and constructions; (f) carrying out other necessary matters relating to environmental pollution. 14. A person causing a point source of pollution shall treat, emit, discharge and deposit the substances which cause pollution in the environment in accord with stipulated environmental quality standards. 15. The owner or occupier of any business , material or place which causes a point source of pollution shall install or use an on- site facility or controlling equipment in order to monitor, control, manage, reduce or eliminate environmental pollution. If it is impracticable, it shall be arranged to dispose the wastes in accord with environmentally sound methods.
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