Governance in Myanmar The 15 th WEPA Annual Meeting and International - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Progress of Water Environment Governance in Myanmar

The 15th WEPA Annual Meeting and International Workshop 6-8 February 2020 Bangkok, Thailand

Presentation Outline

• Overview of Water Environment Governance
• Problems on Water Environment Governance Sector
• Challenges for Water Environment Governance
• Legislative Framework for Water Environment Governance
• Institutional Framework for Water Environment Governance
• Water Quality Monitoring Framework
• Enforcement Instruments for Water Environment Governance
• Facts and Statistics of Water Quality
• Current Domestic & Industrial Wastewater Management in Major Cities (Nay Pyi Taw, Yangon

and Mandalay)

• Future Plans on Water Environment Governance
• Gaps for Water Environment Governance
• Way Forward on Water Environment Governance

Myanmar ar Nati tional al Water ter Reso sources ces Commi mmittee tee

Nati tion

• nal Envi

viron ronme mental ntal Cons nserva vatio tion n and d Climate mate Chang hange e Cent entral ral Commit mittee tee Approach (Environmentally Sound Management)

Domestic Wastewater

Industrial Wastewater

Water Environmental Governance

Myanmar National Water Policy

SDGS Surface Water

Cooperation and Coordination between Relevant Ministries and Organizations Cooperation with International Organizations

Water Quality Control

National Environmental Quality (Emission) Guidelines

Regulations

• f Relevant

Ministries

Overview of Water Environment Governance

Water er Pollu llutio ion Wastew ewate ater Discharge charge Without t Treatm atmen ent Dischargi charging indust strial rial waste e water er to the river ver witho hout treatment (Mandala alay) Plast stic ic Waste e Pollu llutio tion Water er Pollu llutio ion Water er Pollu llutio ion

Problems on Water Environment Governance Sector

Challenges for Water Environment Governance

Water Environment Governance

Industrial Development

Baseline Water Quality Data

Monitoring System Coordination Financial Support

Technical Needs

Stakeholder Involvement

Legislative Framework for Water Environment Governance

Myanmar National Water Policy

• Myanmar National Water Policy was adopted in

August, 2015.

• It is aiming to take cognizance of the existing

situation, to propose a framework for creation of a system of laws and institutions and for a plan

• f a action with a unified national perspective

including the Myanmar National Water Framework Directive.

Water Law

8

Goal 1 Goal 2 Goal 3 Goal 4 Goal 5

Peace, National Reconciliation, Security and Good Governance Economic Stability, and Strengthen Macro- economic Management Job Creation and Private-Sector-led Growth Human Resources & Social Development Natural Resources and the Environment for the National Prosperity

Pillar 1 Peace and Stability Pillar 2 Prosperity and Partnership Pillar 3 People and Planet

A Peaceful, Prosperous and Democratic Myanmar

Myanmar Sustainable Development Plan (MSDP)

9

Strategy 5.1: Managing biodiversity and the environment in a sustainable manner for sound and resilient ecosystems (15 action plans) Strategy 5.2: Increasing climate-resilience and shifting to a low-carbon growth pathway (9 action plans) Strategy 5.3: Providing safe and equitable water and sanitation in ways that ensure environmental sustainability (7 action plans) Strategy 5.4: Providing affordable and reliable energy supply to population and industries (8 action plans) Strategy 5.5: Improving land governance and sustainably managing resource-based industries (6 action plans) Strategy 5.6: Managing cities and towns efficiently and sustainably (9 action plans)

Goal 5: Natural Resources and the Environment for National Prosperity (6 Strategies and 54 action plans)

Environmental Law & Regulations (Existing)

• Environmental Conservation Law (2012)
• Environmental Conservation Rules (2014)
• Environmental Impact Assessment Procedures (2015)
• National Environmental Quality (Emission) Guidelines (2015)
• Notification for (9) Priority Sectors among Existing Industries to conduct

Environmental Management Plan (2018)

• National Environmental Policy of Myanmar (2019)
• Myanmar Climate Change Policy, Strategy and Master Plan (2019)
• National Waste Management Strategy and Master Plan for Myanmar (2018-

2030) – (2020)

National Environmental Policy of Myanmar (2019)

Myanmar Climate Change Policy (2019)

Vision

• Myanmar’s vision is to be a climate-resilient, low-carbon society that is sustainable,

prosperous and inclusive, for the wellbeing of preset and future generations.

Purpose

• Take and promote climate change action on adaptation and mitigation in Myanmar;
• Integrate climate change adaptation and mitigation considerations into Myanmar’s national

priorities and across all levels and sectors in an iterative and progressive manner; and

• Take decisions to create and maximize opportunities for sustainable, low carbon, climate

resilient development, ensuring benefits for all.

Guiding Principles

• Sustainable Development
• Precaution
• Prevention
• Environmental integrity
• Shared responsibility and cooperation
• Inclusiveness
• Good governance
• Climate justice and equity
• Gender equality and women’s empowerment

Six Sectoral Clusters

• Food and water security
• Healthy ecosystems
• Low-carbon and resilient growth
• Resilient urban and rural settlements
• Human wellbeing
• Knowledge, awareness and research

Institutional Framework for Water Environment Governance

Departments, Ministries and Organizations which are related with Water Sector

No. Department Ministry / Organization Duties and Functions

1. Environmental Conservation Department Ministry

• f

Natural Resources and Environmental Conservation Formulation National EQS including Water Quality Standards 2. Forest Department Ministry

• f

Natural Resources and Environmental Conservation Reforestation and Conservation of Forest including Watershed Areas 3. Irrigation and Water Utilization Management Department Ministry of Agriculture, Livestock and Irrigation Provision of Irrigation Water to Farmland 4. Water Resources Utilization Department Ministry of Agriculture, Livestock and Irrigation Irrigation and Rural Water Supply 5. Directorate of Water Resources and Improvement of River System Ministry of Transport and Communication River Training and Navigation 6. DISI Ministry of Planning, Finance and Industry Industrial Water Use and Discharge 7. Department

• f

Metrology and Hydrology Ministry of Transport and Communication Water Assessment of Major Rivers 8. Department of Urban and Housing Development Ministry of Construction Domestic Water Supply 9. Department of Public Health Ministry of Health and Sports Environmental Health, Water Quality Assessment and Control 10. Department of Development Affairs Ministry of Border Areas Development Affairs Rural Water Supply and Sanitation 11. Department of Research and Innovation Ministry of Education Formulation National Standards 12. Water and Sanitation Department City Development Committees (Yangon, Mandalay, Nay Pyi Taw) Water Supply and Sanitation at City Areas

National Environment Conservation and Climate Change Committee led by Vice President

Policy, Law, Regulation, procedure and Standards Working Committee Climate Change Mitigation and Adaptation Working Committee Natural Resources, Biodiversity, Culture Heritage Conservation Working Committee Industrial Plans, Urban, Rural Waste Management Working Committee Environmental Capacity Building Development, Education and Awareness Working Committee Green Economy Development Working Committee Regions/States Environment and Climate Change Supervision Committee

Coordination Mechanism between the relevant ministries and organizations

Water Quality Monitoring Framework

Environmental Conservation Law

Chapter VII Environmental Conservation

• 13. The Ministry shall, under the guidance of the Committee, maintain a comprehensive monitoring system and implement

by itself or in co-ordination with relevant Government departments and organizations in the following matters: (a) the use of agro-chemicals which cause to impact on the environment significantly; (b) transport, storage, use, treatment and disposal of pollutants and hazardous substances in industries; (c) disposal of wastes come out from exploration, production and treatment of minerals, industrial mineral raw materials and gems; (d) carrying out waste disposal and sanitation works; (e) carrying out development and constructions; (f) carrying out other necessary matters relating to environmental pollution.

• 14. A person causing a point source of pollution shall treat, emit, discharge and deposit the substances which cause pollution

in the environment in accord with stipulated environmental quality standards.

• 15. The owner or occupier of any business, material or place which causes a point source of pollution shall install or use an on-

site facility or controlling equipment in order to monitor, control, manage, reduce or eliminate environmental pollution. If it is impracticable, it shall be arranged to dispose the wastes in accord with environmentally sound methods.

Environmental Impact Assessment Procedure

Chapter IX Monitoring

106. The Project Proponent shall submit monitoring reports to the Ministry not less frequently than every six (6) months or periodically as provided in a schedule in the EMP. 109. The monitoring reports shall include:

• documentation of compliance with all Conditions;
• progress made to date on implementation of the EMP against the submitted implementation schedule;
• difficulties encountered in implementing the EMP and recommendations for remedying those difficulties and

steps proposed to prevent or avoid similar future difficulties;

• number and type of non-compliance with the EMP and proposed remedial measures and timelines for completion
• f remediation;
• accidents or incidents relating to the occupational and community health and safety, and the environment; and
• monitoring data of environmental parameters and conditions as committed in the EMP or otherwise

required.

Enforcement Instruments for Water Environment Governance

National Environmental Quality (Emission) Guidelines

No. Chapter / Annex

1. Chapter I General Provisions 2. Chapter II Implementation Procedures 3. Annex A Emission Guidelines (1) General Guidelines

• Air Emissions
• Wastewater
• Noise Levels
• Odor

(2) Industry Specific Guidelines

• Energy Sector Development
• Agriculture, Livestock and Forestry Development
• Manufacturing
• Waste Management
• Water Supply
• Infrastructure and Services Development
• Mining

Notification No. 615 / 2015 29th December 2015

Objective

These national Environmental Quality (Emission) Guidelines (hereafter referred to as Guidelines) provide the basis for regulation and control of noise and vibration, air emissions, and liquid discharges from various sources in order to prevent pollution for purposes of protection of human and ecosystem health.

Notification No. (03/2018) of Ministry of Natural Resources and Environmental Conservation - Amended in 2019

To undertake Environmental Management Plan (EMP) for existing facilities under 9 Priority Industrial Sectors No. Types of Facilities Criteria / Size Time Allowed

1. Alcohol, Wine and Beer Production Factories > 50000 Litter Per Day 12 Months 2. Food and Beverage Processing Facilities > 10 Tons Per Day 9 Months 3. Pesticides Manufacturing, Formulation and Packaging Plants All Sizes 9 Months 4. Cement and Lime Manufacturing Cement - > 10 Tons Per Hour Lime - > 20 Tons Per Day 9 Months 5. Textile and Dying Facilities (1) Pre Treatment (Washing, Bleaching, Mercerisation) or Dying of Textiles of Fibres) > 1 Ton Per Day 12 Months 6. Foundry Industry (1) Base Metal Smelting and Refining Plant (2) Manufacture of Pig Iron, Raw and Low Alloy Steel from Iron Ore or Scrap Metal) (3) Foundry (4) Non-Ferrous Metal Melting, Smithy and Filigree) All Sizes All Sizes All Sizes > 5 Tons Per Day 9 Months 7. Tanning and Leather Finishing All Sizes 12 Months 8. Pulp and Paper Mill Pulp > 20 Tons Per Day 12 Months 9. Sugar Manufacturing Plant > 50 Tons Per Day 12 Months

Facts and Statistics of Water Quality

Basic Water Environment Management in Myanmar

Cooperation between ECD and JICA Duration – 3 Years (2015 – 2018) Technical Cooperation Implemented Areas

• Hlaing River Basin, Yangon
• Doke Hta Waddy River Basin, Mandalay

Doke Hta Waddy River Basin (Mandalay)

Hlaing River Basin (Yangon)

Sampling Points and Sampling Dates of Hlaing River Basin

BOD and COD Levels in Hlaing River Basin

Comparison with Draft Drinking Water Quality Standard for Possible Domestic Water Supply (Hlaing River Basin)

Water Quality Survey Results in Hlaing River Basin

• Except TSS (Total Suspended Solid) and total coliform, the water quality in Hlaing River and Pan

Hlaing River in the rainy season (September 2017) was acceptable for conservation of aquatic lives, irrigation and water transportation based on the Vietnamese surface water quality guideline values.

• During the dry season (February 2018), the water quality deteriorated as shown by high COD

detected at some points and slight oil and grease detected at all points.

• Only the upstream area of Hlaing River (upstream of Shwe Pyi Thar Bridge) still kept the good

water quality desirable for irrigation and water transportation except above-mentioned TSS, total coliform and oil and grease.

• In the middle-stream of Pan Hlaing River (upstream of Hlaing Bridge), the river water was

extremely muddy in February 2018 resulting in very low dissolved oxygen (DO) and high BOD and COD, presumably due to the effect of sediment in the water stirred by a surging tide flow or

• ther reasons.
• The results in these rivers did not exhibit levels of toxic pollutants harmful for human health. Only

slight lead (0.058 mg/L) was detected in downstream area in Pan Hlaing River in February 2018, but it was considered as one originally contained in the natural sediment.

Sampling Points and Sampling Dates of Doke Hta Waddy River Basin

BOD and COD Levels in Doke Hta Waddy River Basin

Comparison with Draft Drinking Water Quality Standard for Possible Domestic Water Supply (Doke Hta Waddy River Basin)

Water Quality Survey Results in Doke Hta Waddy River Basin

• The Doke Hta Waddy River seems to have adequate water quality for domestic water supply with water treatment facility using

filters and other ordinary means. The level of organic pollution does not appear to be very high. None of the results in this project showed elevated levels of toxic substances. The water quality did not dramatically vary in seasons or from point to point.

• Until the 3rd water quality survey in February 2017, the wastewater discharged from 10-inch pipeline had contained high

concentrations of pollutants that included oil and grease, phenols and hexavalent chromium in addition to organic materials and

• nutrients. The concentrations of these pollutants were higher than the guideline values applied to general wastewater (general

application, National Environmental Quality (Emission) Guidelines, 2015). It was noted that the pollution impact of this 10-inch pipe wastewater on water quality of Doke Hta Waddy River was limited because of the large dilution capacity of the river, though localized pollution and adverse impact, such as an awful odor to residents in the vicinity of the discharging point, were undeniable.

• After several distilleries in Pyi Gyi Tagon IZ were shut down their operation temporarily from June – August 2017 by instructions
• f Mandalay Region Government and MCDC, the pollution load from the 10-pipe line seemed to decrease. However, the

discharging wastewater still contained oil and grease, phenols, and other pollutants.

• The concentrations of pollutants in the dry season was higher than those in the rainy season for most sampling points and for most
• parameters. This is similar to the Hlaing River basin. On the other hand, the pollution loads of organic substances, i.e., BOD and

COD, in Doke Hta Waddy River in October 2017 seemed larger than those in February 2018. It indicated that the storm water in the rainy season flushed more organic substances with soils from the upper basin to the river, though the concentrations of organic substances is not higher because of the dilution effect.

Water Quality Monitoring by ECD (Head Office and Region & State Offices)

Current Domestic & Industrial Wastewater Management in Major Cities (Nay Pyi Taw, Yangon and Mandalay)

Future Plans on

Water Environment Governance

National Environmental Quality Standards

Proposed National Environmental Quality Standards

1. Surface Water Quality Standards 2. Emission Standards 3. Ground Water Quality Standards 4. Soil Quality Standards 5. Noise and Vibration First Priority Formulation Surface Water Quality Standards – 50 Parameters are already selected from 661 Parameters by consultation with other relevant ministries and organizations

Proposed Projects of ECD related with Water Environment Governance

• Project on Capacity Development in Enforcement and Promotion of Environmental

Compliance

• Cooperation between ECD and JICA
• Establishing a National Water Quality Monitoring System and Building the National

Laboratory to Improve the National Capacity for Water Quality Management in Myanmar

• ODA Project (On going) – Cooperation between ECD and KOICA

Gaps for Water Environment Governance

• Database System (Baseline Water Quality Data)
• National Environmental Quality Standards
• Environmental Quality Monitoring System

Technical Guidelines & Regulations for Monitoring

Effective Enforcement and Compliance Assessment and Revise Water Quality Standards based on experiences learned by Implementation and Technology Monitoring and Effective Enforcement National Water Quality Standards

Way Forward for Water Environment Governance

Water Quality Monitoring System

Thank you for your time and kind attention!

• Dr. Tin Aung Win

Deputy Director Environmental Conservation Department, Ministry of Natural Resources and Environmental Conservation, Myanmar mr.embryo@gmail.com / +9567431321