Union of Myanmar Union of Myanmar Ministry of Agriculture and - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Union of Myanmar Union of Myanmar Ministry of Agriculture and Irrigation Ministry of Agriculture and Irrigation Department of Agricultural Research Department of Agricultural Research Yezin Yezin, , NayPyiTaw NayPyiTaw Myanmar Myanmar

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Myanmar Myanmar

Country Data

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Crude oil & Petroleum Product, 13.45 % Natural Gas, 10.67% Coal & Lignite, 2.48%

Biomass is the largest contributing energy source in Myanmar Crude oil & Petroleum is the second most to depend

Energy sources in Myanmar

3 Hydropower, 9.55% Biomass , 63.86%

depend Hydropower may be important component for energy security in future, providing high energy balance and enhancer for bio-fuel production

Non-energy uses and other consumption, 0.5% Industry, 5.8% Transportation , 10.8% Agriculture, 1. 1%

• Agriculture sector consume
• nly 1.1% of the total energy

consumption (could be government agri: sector)

• Farm sector energy

consumption and requirement should be estimated

Energy Consumption (%) by Sector

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1% Services, 1% Residential, 80 .8%

• With increasing

mechanization, more diesel could have been used.

• If we calculate the diesel

requirement for total irrigated area 2.3 million to have one pass of plough with power tiller, at least .5 million gallon could be needed.

Energy Consumption by Types

Other land 24.65% Other forest 24.02%

Almost 6 million ha (8.84%) of the total land area is

Land resources in Myanmar (2009-10)

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Net sown 17.70% Fallow land 0.36% Cultivable waste land 8.29% Reserved forest 24.96%

total land area is still available. Almost 50% of the land is still being covered by forest.

(000, ha)

Ayarwady, 40.49 Kachin, 1688.66 Kayin, 55.87 Kayah, 17.81

Kachin, Shan (E), and Chin still possess the

Distribution of cultivable waste land by State and Division as of January, 2008 (Source: Department of Agriculture Planning)

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Mon, 13.36 Mandalay, 36.03 Magwe, 63.56 Taninthayi, 254.66 Rakhine, 112.96 Yangon, 4.05 Bago, 93.52 Shan (S), 516.19 Shan (N), 308.10 Sagaing, 121.86 Shan (E), 1216.60 Chin, 1211.34

Total 5755060 ha

potential for horizontal expansion Huge potential for both Food & Fuel crops

Current Situation

Policy Guidelines The National Workshop by the New Government concluded by laying down 8 Tasks for Rural Development and poverty Alleviation. Task No.1 Development of Agricultural productivity Task No.2 Development of Livestock breeding and fisheries Task No.3 Development of Rural small-scale productivity Task No.3 Development of Rural small-scale productivity Task No.4 Development of Micro saving and credit associations Task No.5 Development of Cooperative tasks Task No.6 Development of rural socio-economy Task No.7 Development of rural energy Task No.8 Environmental conservation

Policy for Energy Development

• Energy Development
• Increase Self-Sufficiency
• Promote the utilization of renewable energy
• Prevent deforestation caused by excessive use of fuel

wood and charcoal Goals for Renewable Energy Development

• To minimize the country’s reliance on imported fuels.
• To create alternative markets.
• To ensure both food and energy security.
• To increase in rural employment
• To develop small and medium industries through

benefits from emerging bio-energy opportunities.

• To sustain environmental conditions.

Current sources

• Petroleum
• Natural gas
• Compressed

natural gas (CNG) Potential sources

• Wind energy

(renewable)

• Solar energy

(renewable)

Available energy sources in Myanmar

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natural gas (CNG)

• Hydroelectricity

(renewable)

• Coal

(renewable)

• Geothermal

(renewable)

• Bio-energy

(Renewable) – Ethanol – Bio-diesel – Gasification – Biogas – Biomass

Biomass Power Generation Source Materials

• Agricultural Wastes
• Energy Crops
• Industrial Wastes
• Municipal Solid Wastes
• Animal Wastes

Applicable Technologies Applicable Technologies – Gasification (Producer Gas) – Pellets and Loose Forms - Bio methanation (Biogas) – Anaerobic Digestion – Agri; waste, Industrial wastes and plant and leaves.

• Direct fired - Boiler for steam making and power

generation.

Rice Husk as a Potential Fuel for Biogasifiers Rice Husk availability

Paddy Production/yr= about 30.7 mio ton Rice Husk ( ~20% ) = 6.12 mio ton/yr Power equivalent = 35,802 GWh/yr ( or ) 3,078 mio TOE/yr Power equivalent = 35,802 GWh/yr ( or ) 3,078 mio TOE/yr Current Effective usage ~ 10 % If the rest 90% or Min. 50% can be put into use – 17.9 GWh/yr ( or ) 1,539 mio TOE/yr can be saved

Application of Biomass Gasification Technology to Irrigation Pumping

PROGRESS UP TO 2010

• The department had replaced 34 sets of diesel engine in 2008-2009 and 42

sets in 2009-2010 and 33sets in 2010-11 with gasifiers (rice husk based) for irrigating 5760ha(13360 Acre) of paddy in three-year total.

• The operation of these systems has resulted in a saving of about 504 tons

(137732 gallons) of diesel or 4.64MVA of electric power from national grid in (137732 gallons) of diesel or 4.64MVA of electric power from national grid in within three years, implying a saving of about 1612.8 tons of CO2.

• Moreover, local farmers in those areas had got extra income from the sale of

rice husk. PLAN OF 2011-2012 It is planned to produce and install 50 dual-fuel type gasifiers(rice husk based ) and 10 gasifiers (55”Ǿ x 5’) operating in 100% producer gas mode for replacement of remaining diesel engine-driven pumping systems in 2011- 2012 fiscal year.

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Type-1 18"Øx5' Dual Fuel Type Gasifier

Khon Soke Pump Station Ayeyarwaddy Division

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• Energy efficient stoves project
• Biogas projects
• Gasifier projects
• GMS country assessment on bio-fuel & renewable

energy project

• ASEAN plus THREE also assist in Biomass &

On going projects for bioenergy in Myanmar

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• ASEAN plus THREE also assist in Biomass &

Renewable energy

Diversity of potential ethanol producible crops in Myanmar

• Sugarcane
• Cassava
• Sorghum
• Sweet sorghum
• Indigenous root and

tuber crops

• Maize
• Potato
• Sweet potato
• Toddy palm?
• Nipah palm?

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tuber crops Toddy palm at dry zone and Nipah palm at mangrove areas

• f delta for

ethanol or sugar !

Diversity of Potential Bio-diesel Feedstock in Myanmar

• Jatropha curcas
• Palm oil
• Coconut
• Rice-brand oil
• Cotton seed
• Soybean
• Rape seed
• Niger
• Neem seed

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• Sesame
• Peanut
• Other Vegetable

seed

Need to evaluate all oleaginous plants for bio-diesel. R & D is essential

State of biodiesel production from Jatropha in Myanmar

Government launched the plan in 2005 with full political will with the target to reach over 3.23 million ha (8 million ac) within 3 years; (Large public campaign) Main objective is for rural energy self-sufficiency; – Small farm machineries,

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– Small farm machineries, – Domestic lighting and cooking, and – Income generation from surplus production During 2011, 2.13 million hectare has been covered. Committed large scale experiment?

Jatropha Curcus Plantation Programme

State /Region Sown area (,000ha) Harvested (,000ha) Yield (MT/ha) Production (MT) Kachin 135 1.5 0.03 40 State /Region Sown area (,000ha) Harvested (,000ha) Yield (MT/ha) Productio n (MT) Mandalay 217 3.0 0.07 210

Year Proposed area acre (hectare) Actual cultivated area acre (hectare)

• Jatropha Production in Myanmar (2010-11)

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Kayah 120 2.4 0.12 274 Kayin 95 1.3 0.15 203 Chin 81 0.2 0.05 10 Sagaing 208 9.9 0.07 734 Taninthar- yi 9 1.5 0.06 81 Bago (E) 113 1.8 0.04 66 Bago (W) 90 0.6 0.03 16 Magwe 324 27.2 0.08 2201 Mon 67 0.3 0.06 16 Rakhine 43 1.2 0.06 69 Yangon 34 0.5 0.05 26 Shan (S) 190 9.7 0.10 998 Shan (N) 198 11.2 0.02 203 Shan (E) 49 2.9 0.07 260 Ayeyar- wady 188 1.4 0.06 91 Total 2127 78 0.07 5498

Up to 2011- Biodiesel produced from Jetropha Curcus can be used for home cooking usage and one cylinder diesel engines drive . Now one machine (superheated steam system) has been carried out in test run position with JKK Co.,Ltd.(Japan), after that it will be operated for rural electrification (at least 10-20 villages).

On-going R&D for Jatropha

Germplasm collection Varietals improvement – High Yield and High Oil content Agro-techniques – Propagation method

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– Propagation method – Fertilizer response – Planting arrangement – Pruning method – Irrigation – Pest and disease management Processing technology

Key Issues and Challenges

Jatropha

• There is no certified variety/clone of jatropha
• Breeding for locally adaptable, high yielding variety/clone

should be the number one priority should be the number one priority

• Pests and diseases managements
• Weeds
• Presently there is no marketing channel and price structure

for Jatropha production in Myanmar

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Conclusion

• No

immediate threat

• f

competition for land resources by biofuel crops

• Formulation
• f

land use and trade policy for expanding biofuel farming

• National policy on biofuel will provide the basis

for accelerated development of biofuel in the country

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for accelerated development of biofuel in the country

• Development of proper market
• Cooperation and co-ordination among concerned

institutions

• Need initial technical assistance and capacity

building

• Integrated efforts of public-private partnership

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