Union of Myanmar Union of Myanmar Ministry of Agriculture and Irrigation Ministry of Agriculture and Irrigation Department of Agricultural Research Department of Agricultural Research Yezin Yezin, , NayPyiTaw NayPyiTaw Myanmar Myanmar 1
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Energy sources in Myanmar Biomass is the largest contributing energy Crude oil & Natural source in Myanmar Petroleum Gas, 10.67% Product, 13.45 Crude oil & Petroleum % Coal & is the second most to Lignite, 2.48% depend depend Hydropower, 9.55% Hydropower may be important component for energy security in future, providing high Biomass , 63.86% energy balance and enhancer for bio-fuel production 3
Energy Consumption (%) by Sector • Agriculture sector consume only 1.1% of the total energy consumption (could be government agri: sector) Non-energy uses and other • Farm sector energy Industry, 5.8% consumption, Transportation 0.5% , 10.8% consumption and requirement should be estimated Agriculture, 1. 1% 1% • With increasing mechanization, more diesel could have been used. Residential, 80 Services, 1% .8% • If we calculate the diesel requirement for total irrigated area 2.3 million to have one pass of plough with power tiller, at least .5 million gallon could be needed. 4
Energy Consumption by Types
Land resources in Myanmar (2009-10) Other forest 24.02% Almost 6 million Other land ha (8.84%) of the 24.65% total land area is total land area is still available. Net sown Reserved Almost 50% of 17.70% forest the land is still 24.96% being covered by forest. Fallow land 0.36% Cultivable waste land 8.29% 6
Distribution of cultivable waste land by State and Division as of January, 2008 (Source: Department of Agriculture Planning) (000, ha) Kachin, 1688.66 � Kachin, Kayah, 17.81 Ayarwady, Shan (E), 40.49 and Chin Kayin, 55.87 still possess the potential Chin, 1211.34 Shan (E), for 1216.60 horizontal Sagaing, 121.86 expansion Shan (N), Taninthayi, � Huge 308.10 254.66 Bago, 93.52 Shan (S), potential 516.19 Magwe, 63.56 for both Yangon, 4.05 Food & Mandalay, Rakhine, 112.96 36.03 Mon, 13.36 Fuel crops 7 Total 5755060 ha
Current Situation Policy Guidelines The National Workshop by the New Government concluded by laying down 8 Tasks for Rural Development and poverty Alleviation. Task No.1 Development of Agricultural productivity Task No.2 Development of Livestock breeding and fisheries Task No.3 Task No.3 Development of Rural small-scale productivity Development of Rural small-scale productivity Task No.4 Development of Micro saving and credit associations Task No.5 Development of Cooperative tasks Task No.6 Development of rural socio-economy Task No.7 Development of rural energy Task No.8 Environmental conservation
Policy for Energy Development • Energy Development • Increase Self-Sufficiency • Promote the utilization of renewable energy • Prevent deforestation caused by excessive use of fuel wood and charcoal Goals for Renewable Energy Development • To minimize the country’s reliance on imported fuels. • To create alternative markets. • To ensure both food and energy security. To increase in rural employment • • To develop small and medium industries through benefits from emerging bio-energy opportunities. • To sustain environmental conditions.
Available energy sources in Myanmar Current sources Potential sources • Petroleum Wind energy • (renewable) Natural gas • • Solar energy • Compressed (renewable) (renewable) natural gas (CNG) natural gas (CNG) • Geothermal • Hydroelectricity (renewable) (renewable) • Bio-energy • Coal (Renewable) – Ethanol – Bio-diesel – Gasification – Biogas 10 – Biomass
Biomass Power Generation Source Materials - Agricultural Wastes - Energy Crops - Industrial Wastes - Municipal Solid Wastes - Animal Wastes Applicable Technologies Applicable Technologies – Gasification (Producer Gas) – Pellets and Loose Forms - Bio methanation (Biogas) – Anaerobic Digestion – Agri; waste, Industrial wastes and plant and leaves. - Direct fired - Boiler for steam making and power generation.
Rice Husk as a Potential Fuel for Biogasifiers Rice Husk availability Paddy Production/yr= about 30.7 mio ton Rice Husk ( ~20% ) = 6.12 mio ton/yr Power equivalent Power equivalent = 35,802 GWh/yr ( or ) 3,078 mio TOE/yr = 35,802 GWh/yr ( or ) 3,078 mio TOE/yr Current Effective usage ~ 10 % If the rest 90% or Min. 50% can be put into use – 17.9 GWh/yr ( or ) 1,539 mio TOE/yr can be saved
Application of Biomass Gasification Technology to Irrigation Pumping PROGRESS UP TO 2010 • The department had replaced 34 sets of diesel engine in 2008-2009 and 42 sets in 2009-2010 and 33sets in 2010-11 with gasifiers (rice husk based) for irrigating 5760ha(13360 Acre) of paddy in three-year total. • The operation of these systems has resulted in a saving of about 504 tons (137732 gallons) of diesel or 4.64MVA of electric power from national grid in (137732 gallons) of diesel or 4.64MVA of electric power from national grid in within three years, implying a saving of about 1612.8 tons of CO 2 . • Moreover, local farmers in those areas had got extra income from the sale of rice husk. PLAN OF 2011-2012 It is planned to produce and install 50 dual-fuel type gasifiers(rice husk based ) and 10 gasifiers (55” Ǿ x 5’) operating in 100% producer gas mode for replacement of remaining diesel engine-driven pumping systems in 2011- 2012 fiscal year. 13
Type-1 18"Øx5' Dual Fuel Type Gasifier Khon Soke Pump Station Ayeyarwaddy Division 14
On going projects for bioenergy in Myanmar Energy efficient stoves project • • Biogas projects • Gasifier projects GMS country assessment on bio-fuel & renewable • energy project • • ASEAN plus THREE also assist in Biomass & ASEAN plus THREE also assist in Biomass & Renewable energy 15
Diversity of potential ethanol producible crops in Myanmar • Maize • Sugarcane • Potato • Cassava • Sweet potato • Sorghum • Toddy palm? • Sweet sorghum • Nipah palm? • Indigenous root and tuber crops tuber crops Toddy palm at dry zone and Nipah palm at mangrove areas of delta for ethanol or sugar ! 16
Diversity of Potential Bio-diesel Feedstock in Myanmar • Jatropha curcas • Palm oil Coconut • • Rape seed • Rice-brand oil • Niger • Cotton seed • Neem seed Soybean • • Other Vegetable • Sesame seed • Peanut Need to evaluate all oleaginous plants for bio-diesel. R & D is essential 17
State of biodiesel production from Jatropha in Myanmar Government launched the plan in 2005 with full political will with the target to reach over 3.23 million ha (8 million ac) within 3 years; (Large public campaign) Main objective is for rural energy self-sufficiency; – Small farm machineries, – Small farm machineries, – Domestic lighting and cooking, and – Income generation from surplus production During 2011, 2.13 million hectare has been covered. Committed large scale experiment? 18
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