Good Practice Guides: - Watershed Management - Zoning PhD Dipl. - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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Good Practice Guides:

• Watershed Management
• Zoning

PhD Dipl. Eng. Lubcho Trichkov Head of “Forest Policy” Department Executive Forest Agency Bulgaria

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Map of Bulgaria

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The forests in Bulgaria:

• Total area of Bulgaria is 111 000 sq. km;
• The Forest Fund covers 37% of the country

surface;

• 4,1 mln. hectares forestry area;
• 67% broadleaved forests;
• Over 600 mln. m3 total growing stock;
• 14.5 mln. m3 total annual increment;
• 6 mln. m3 annual harvesting;
• Third richest in biodiversity country in Europe;
• 11 nature parks and over 700 smaller protected

areas.

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Watershed Management:

• 617 000 m3 barrages

and thresholds;

• 395 000 m3 small stone

thresholds;

• 597 000 m2 wattles;
• 428 000 m bank low

wattles;

• 194 000 ha anti erosion

afforestation.

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River Dam Watershed Management – Iskar Dam:

• built in 1950 – 1955;
• 90000 ha watershed;
• full reservoir capacity -

673 million m3;

• expected annual

deposition - 1 million m3, because of 6500 ha of bare, eroding land and 18300 ha

• f disturbed forests.

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Iskar Dam – conducted work in the period 1951 - 1977:

• 19 700 ha were forested;
• 11 300 m3 check dams

and thresholds;

• 3 000 m3 small stone

thresholds;

• 25 000 m3 forests wattles;
• 20 000 m bank low

wattles.

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Regional Forest Directorate Kardjali:

• Intensive processes of erosion on vast areas in Eastern

Rodopi mountain due to the combined action of unfavorable nature conditions and improper anthropogenic activities;

• The relief in RDG Kardjali is predominantly hilly and
• mountainous. More than 80 % of the area of the forest

fund has an inclination of more than 10% and of them 60% are steeper than 20%;

• The petrographic composition consists mainly of

sediments and vaporized metamorphic rocks, which also helps the process of erosion and makes the slopes unstable.

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Torrent management - “Ustrenski dol” catchment:

• 70% of the area is made up of slopes over 50%;
• total afforested

area – 150 ha;

• 7 barrages with a

volume of 1625 m3;

• 11000 m3 of stone

thresholds;

• 4000 m wattles;
• 100 m3 gabions.

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Torrent management - “Kazashki dol” catchment:

• 6 barrages with a

total volume of 3700 m3;

• check dam of gabion

units and many stone thresholds with a total volume of 3100 m3.

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Horizontal and vertical zoning of the forest tree vegetation in Bulgaria

Altitudinal vegetation zone (A VZ) Altitude (m) Total annual precipitation (mm) Vegetation period (days) % of forests within the zone 1 Oaks, Ashes, Poplars Within 200 300 and less 180-200 13.1 2 Oaks, 200-600 300-350 160-180 32.4 3 Oaks, Black Pine, Beech, Hornbeam 600-1000 350-400 140-160 30.3 4 Scots Pine, Sprice- Beech-Fir – pure and mixed 1000-1600 400-600 120-140 21.4 5 Spruce, Endemic Pines 1600-2000 600-700 100-120 2.8 6 Dwarf Pine 1800-2500 >700 70-80

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Horizontal and vertical zoning of the forest tree vegetation in Bulgaria:

• Climatic Water Balance (CWB) is an important

indicator of landscape humidity;

• negative CWB is situated in lowlands - mostly

in the North-Eastern part of the country and in Southern zones with Mediterranean climatic influence;

• mountainous regions remain practically

unaffected by negative CWB.

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Horizontal and vertical zoning – oaks distribution in 2045

A VZ Growth response CWB Change of range 1st Good conditions for xerothermic oaks Increased ratio of the xerothermic oaks. The range of water- demanding oaks could be possibly shortened 2nd No considerable changes

• expected. The conditions will

remain suitable for oak forests Suitable conditions for growth

• f oaks

Practically unaffected 3rd Good conditions for growth of

• aks

Good conditions for growth of

• aks

Slight decrease of the range of Q. petraea 4th Good conditions for Durmast Oak (Q. petraea) on southern slopes Good conditions for growth of

• Q. petraea on southern slopes

Slight expansion of the range of Q. petraea 5th No suitable conditions for Oaks No suitable conditions for Oaks Not expected 6th No suitable conditions for Oaks No suitable conditions for Oaks Not expected

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Horizontal and vertical zoning – beech distribution in 2045

A VZ Growth response CWB Change of range 1st Decreasing of suitable area for Oriental beech The conditions for beech growing less suitable Possible shortening of the range of Oriental beech 2nd No suitable conditions for beech growing No suitable conditions for beech Decreasing the range of isolated plainly localities of Common beech 3rd Good conditions for beech Good conditions for growth of beech Possible slight decrease of beech forests 4th Good conditions for beech Good conditions for beech Slight expansion of the range of beech. Maintaining the range of the beech, mostly in the mixed forests 5th Suitable conditions for beech only in some isolated areas Suitable conditions for beech only in some isolated areas Not expected 6th No suitable conditions for beech No suitable conditions for beech Not expected

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Vulnerability zones of the forest tree vegetation in Bulgaria

In 2080 pessimistic scenario In 2050 In 2080 realistic scenario In 2020

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THANK YOU FOR YOUR ATTENTION!

Executive Forest Agency “Forest Policy” Department 55, “Hristo Botev” blvd. Sofia, Bulgaria lptrichkov@dag.bg 00359 2 985 11 530