Good Practice Guides: - Watershed Management - Zoning PhD Dipl. Eng. Lubcho Trichkov Head of “Forest Policy” Department Executive Forest Agency Bulgaria http:/ / www.futur efor est.eu
Map of Bulgaria http:/ / www.futur efor est.eu
The forests in Bulgaria: - Total area of Bulgaria is 111 000 sq. km; - The Forest Fund covers 37% of the country surface; - 4,1 mln. hectares forestry area; - 67% broadleaved forests; - Over 600 mln. m 3 total growing stock; - 14.5 mln. m 3 total annual increment; - 6 mln. m 3 annual harvesting; - Third richest in biodiversity country in Europe; - 11 nature parks and over 700 smaller protected areas. http:/ / www.futur efor est.eu
Watershed Management: - 617 000 m 3 barrages and thresholds; - 395 000 m3 small stone thresholds; - 597 000 m2 wattles; - 428 000 m bank low wattles; - 194 000 ha anti erosion afforestation. http:/ / www.futur efor est.eu
River Dam Watershed Management – Iskar Dam: - built in 1950 – 1955; - 90000 ha watershed; - full reservoir capacity - 673 million m3; - expected annual deposition - 1 million m3, because of 6500 ha of bare, eroding land and 18300 ha of disturbed forests. http:/ / www.futur efor est.eu
Iskar Dam – conducted work in the period 1951 - 1977: - 19 700 ha were forested; - 11 300 m3 check dams and thresholds; - 3 000 m3 small stone thresholds; - 25 000 m3 forests wattles; - 20 000 m bank low wattles. http:/ / www.futur efor est.eu
Regional Forest Directorate Kardjali: - Intensive processes of erosion on vast areas in Eastern Rodopi mountain due to the combined action of unfavorable nature conditions and improper anthropogenic activities; - The relief in RDG Kardjali is predominantly hilly and mountainous. More than 80 % of the area of the forest fund has an inclination of more than 10% and of them 60% are steeper than 20%; - The petrographic composition consists mainly of sediments and vaporized metamorphic rocks, which also helps the process of erosion and makes the slopes unstable. http:/ / www.futur efor est.eu
Torrent management - “Ustrenski dol” catchment: - 70% of the area is made up of slopes over 50%; - total afforested area – 150 ha; - 7 barrages with a volume of 1625 m3; - 11000 m3 of stone thresholds; - 4000 m wattles; - 100 m3 gabions. http:/ / www.futur efor est.eu
Torrent management - “Kazashki dol” catchment: - 6 barrages with a total volume of 3700 m 3 ; - check dam of gabion units and many stone thresholds with a total volume of 3100 m 3 . http:/ / www.futur efor est.eu
Horizontal and vertical zoning of the forest tree vegetation in Bulgaria Altitudinal vegetation Altitude Total annual Vegetation % of forests zone (A VZ) (m) precipitation period within the zone (mm) (days) 1 Oaks, Ashes, Within 200 300 and less 180-200 13.1 Poplars 2 Oaks, 200-600 300-350 160-180 32.4 3 Oaks, Black Pine, 600-1000 350-400 140-160 30.3 Beech, Hornbeam 4 Scots Pine, Sprice- 1000-1600 400-600 120-140 21.4 Beech-Fir – pure and mixed 5 Spruce, Endemic 1600-2000 600-700 100-120 2.8 Pines 6 Dwarf Pine 1800-2500 >700 70-80 http:/ / www.futur efor est.eu
Horizontal and vertical zoning of the forest tree vegetation in Bulgaria: - Climatic Water Balance (CWB) is an important indicator of landscape humidity; - negative CWB is situated in lowlands - mostly in the North-Eastern part of the country and in Southern zones with Mediterranean climatic influence; - mountainous regions remain practically unaffected by negative CWB. http:/ / www.futur efor est.eu
Horizontal and vertical zoning – oaks distribution in 2045 A VZ Growth response CWB Change of range Good conditions for Increased ratio of the The range of water- xerothermic oaks xerothermic oaks. demanding oaks could 1st be possibly shortened No considerable changes Suitable conditions for growth Practically unaffected expected. The conditions will of oaks 2nd remain suitable for oak forests 3rd Good conditions for growth of Good conditions for growth of Slight decrease of the oaks oaks range of Q. petraea Good conditions for Durmast Good conditions for growth of Slight expansion of the Oak (Q. petraea) on southern Q. petraea on southern slopes range of Q. petraea 4th slopes No suitable conditions for Oaks No suitable conditions for Oaks Not expected 5th No suitable conditions for Oaks No suitable conditions for Oaks Not expected 6th http:/ / www.futur efor est.eu
Horizontal and vertical zoning – beech distribution in 2045 A VZ Growth response CWB Change of range Decreasing of suitable The conditions for beech Possible shortening of the range of 1st area for Oriental beech growing less suitable Oriental beech 2nd No suitable conditions No suitable conditions for Decreasing the range of isolated plainly for beech growing beech localities of Common beech 3rd Good conditions for Good conditions for Possible slight decrease of beech beech growth of beech forests Good conditions for Good conditions for Slight expansion of the range of beech. beech beech Maintaining the range of the beech, 4th mostly in the mixed forests Suitable conditions for Suitable conditions for Not expected beech only in some beech only in some 5th isolated areas isolated areas 6th No suitable conditions No suitable conditions for Not expected for beech beech http:/ / www.futur efor est.eu
Vulnerability zones of the forest tree vegetation in Bulgaria In 2020 In 2050 In 2080 In 2080 realistic pessimistic scenario scenario http:/ / www.futur efor est.eu
THANK YOU FOR YOUR ATTENTION! Executive Forest Agency “Forest Policy” Department 55, “Hristo Botev” blvd. Sofia, Bulgaria lptrichkov@dag.bg 00359 2 985 11 530 http:/ / www.futur efor est.eu
Recommend
More recommend
