Geneva, 24 April 2014 Unit Value in meter 1 m (meter) ..1 m 1 - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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Geneva, 24 April 2014 Unit Value in meter 1 m (meter) ..1 m 1 - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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NANOTECHNOLOGY : Revolutionary Developments in Future CERN- Academic Training Programme Prof. Marcel Van de Voorde University of Technology Delft Geneva, 24 April 2014 Unit Value in meter 1 m (meter) ..1 m 1

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NANOTECHNOLOGY :

Revolutionary Developments in Future CERN- Academic Training Programme

  • Prof. Marcel Van de Voorde

University of Technology Delft Geneva, 24 April 2014

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Unit Value in meter

1 m (meter) ………………………………..1 m 1 cm (centimeter) 0.01 m…………… 10−2 m 1 mm (millimeter) 0.001 m …………..10−3 m 1 μm (micrometer or micron) 0.000 001 10−6 m 1 nm (nanometer) 0.000 000 001 ….10−9 m 1 pm (picometer) 0.000 000 000 001. 10−12 m 1 fm (femtometer) 0.000 000 000 000 001 10−15 m Units and sub-units.

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Dividing a cube into nanocubes increases a lot the total surface of the system.

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The surface of a cube with a side of 1 cm has an area of 6 cm2. If this cube is cut into nanocubes with a side of 1 nm, there will be 1021 nanocubes with an area of 6 x 10-14 cm2 each. This will represent a global area of 6,000 m2. This corresponds to the surface area of 60 houses of 100 m2. This demonstrates the power

  • f surfaces at the nanoscale.
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Particles (in red) are coated onto the surface of a material (blue). Smaller (nano) particles provide a much better coverage than large particles

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Properties of nanoscale building blocks which will have tremendous consequences for nanostructured materials

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At the nanoscale, fluids behave more like honey than water.

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. Evolution of the physics as we go from macroscopic systems to microscopic systems

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Different generations of products coming from nanotechnology

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Nanomechanics

Confinement effects Interfaces Contact mechanics

Nanophysics

Non-linear behaviour Computer modelling Nano-analytical techniques

Bio-nano-engineering

Nanomechanical biodevices Submicron attachment Cell adhesion Biological nanocomposites

Devices

Sensors / actuators Nanomotors Nanorobots

NANOMEC : WORKPACKAGES

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Structural nanomaterials: metals, ceramics, polymers, composites

Classes of structural nanomaterials Metals Composites Ceramics Coatings

Nanofoils High strength nanometal SiO2 nanoparticle reinforced C fibres Polymer-clay nanocomposites

Alumia nanocoating

  • n corundum

Nanoceramics from organic precursors Ceramic particle containing scratch

  • resistant paint

Self-cleaning glass using nanocrystalline materials

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Area Technology Benefit Metals

  • Nano alloys
  • Nano ceramics
  • Multifunctional

components

  • Strength / Toughness
  • Corrosion Resistance
  • Temperature Resistance

Surfaces

  • Nano-Layers
  • Coatings containing

Nanoparticles

  • Corrosion Resistance
  • Shielding (elec./opt.)
  • Defect Signalisation
  • Functional Coat (wear, dirt, bacteria..)

Composites • Polymer modification

  • Nano fillers and fibres
  • Robustness, self-healing
  • Mechanical properties
  • Conductivity

Advantageous of NanoMaterials

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1D, 2D and 3D objects with one, two or three dimensions in the nanometer range

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Schematic representation of a C60 molecule. It is formed of 20 hexagons and 12 pentagons. Pentagons have no common edge.

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Schematic picture of a closed single-wall carbon nanotube

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Some actual and potential applications of carbon nanotubes

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Nanoparticles

0,1 nm 1 nm 10 nm 100 nm

Nanoparticles 1st Generation Nanoparticles 3rd generation: Complex hybrid nanoparticles

Chemical functionalization

Shell Composite core consisting of multiple phases Nanoparticles 2nd Generation

Thin films

X/NR GID (GI)SAXS/SANS XMCD S/EXAFS CDI X/N Tomo DFT MD FE diffuse scattering X/ND

Modelling Analysis SR&N

Morphology, Shape Surface roughness Defects point defects, dislocations Interfaces, phases Microstrain Chemical composition concentration gradients Particle agglomeration Functional coatings Biological functionalization

Thin Films 3rd generation: Multifunctional films Thin FIlms 2nd Generation Thin FIlms 1st Generation

Magnetic Ordering Local Structure

Synthesis

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Top-down techniques for nanostructuring

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NanoSynthese: Bottom – up approach

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Difference between a top--‐down and a bottom--‐up approach.

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Important techniques for nanopolymers – biomaterials studies in the future

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Online monitoring

  • f processes

Local structures and structual changes Nanoinformations under operation conditions

NANOMATERIALS ENGINEERING

Challenges for synchrotron radiation and neutron facilities

Structure-function relations

  • n the nanoscale

Complex multifunctional nanomaterials Synthesis online control

DESIGN OF NEW NANOMATERIALS

Structural nanomaterials

Metals Ceramics Coatings Composites

Functional nanomaterials

Electronic, photonic, spintronic materials Superconductors Carbon materials Dielectrics Hydrides

Soft materials

Bio-nanomaterials biomimetics

Polymers

Functional properties Structural properties Block copolymers Nanocomposites

Inorganics / Hybrids

Inorganic nanomaterials New hybrid structures

Nanocoatings

Chemical and thermal protection Failure-proof coatings Self-repairing coatings

Nanomechanical engineering

Mechanical integrity Nanocreep Nanofatigue Nanomechanics in corrosive environments

Nanocorrosion

Corrosion / Protection Stress corrosion

Nanotribology

Friction and wear at the nanoscale Lubrication Surface functionalization

Nanojoining

Functional materials Structural materials Nanocomposites Self -repair

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Overall description of nanotribology

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Energy Saving

High efficient photovoltaic cells High Energy Storage Solid-State Lighting Energy harvesting

Information:

Increased information storage density Enhanced data transfer rate & security Flexible electronics

Nanotechnology Consumer access to smarter devices & systems

Safety, Security:

Enhanced day & night vision Sensors for food control& car safety

Health:

Toxicology of nanoparticles Impact on the nutrient cycle Uncontrolled spread of GM crops Gene mutation

Environment:

Water purification Elimination of pollutants Reduction of CO2 emission

Health:

Smart pill & drug delivery Cancer diagnosis & Tumor localization Remote control of body parameters Various implants: Eye, Ear, Brain… Flexible sensors for food control, Bioactive packaging

Environment:

Impact of nano-particles, nanomaterials and by-products; accumulation, transportation in water, soil, atmosphere Interaction with plants Climate change

Transportation:

Electric vehicles Nano- composit es Improve d safety Connect ed vehicles

Safety, Security:

Invasion of privacy Spread of spying sensors Nano-robotics

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2015 2015 2020 2010

Diagnosis & therapy

2020

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Subjects in the "More than Moore" domain, where nanotechnology can be involved

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Some new memory development where nanotechnology plays a significant role.

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2015 2015 2020 2010

MEMS Diagnosis

2020

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Nanophotonics encompasses several nanoscale confinements encompasses

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Applications in nanophotonics

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It is possible to play on several parameters to make photonic crystals with required properties

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Possible applications of single electron transistors

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Design & engineering

  • f (environmentally friendly)

materials Theory & simulation New phenomena Advanced Characterization

mastering Quantum phenomena bio-inspired approaches Safe production Combinatorial Methods for design Nanostructured materials engineer.

Scientific kernel Energy research community Synchrotron

  • scattering
  • imaging
  • dynamics

Neutron

  • structure
  • dynamics

High Performance Computing

Technical/economical evaluation pilot lines for nanomaterials and for energy systems production Technological Research

Nano-energy Center

Partnership with energy industry

Domain Theory & simulation Tailoring, synthesis and processing Materials Solar energy

T ailored electronic structure, excited states simulation Thin film (organic and mineral)

Biofuels

C5 sugar hydrolysis 2nd generation (demonstrator) Algaefuels

Nuclear energy

Multiscale modelling Propagation of nanodefects Nanomaterials contribution to materials under extreme condition (radiation, temperature…)

Energy efficiency

Modelling phenomena, Simulating complex systems Nanostructured materials for Thermoelectricy, Lightning, High T c superconductors

Storage

Modelling ageing Nanomaterials for batteries electrodes and supercapacities,

CO2 capture and sequestration

Modelling transport phenomena Nanomaterials Carbonatation of CO2 Large scale Demonstrators

Hydrogen

Modelling transport phenomena and ageing Modelling bio-systems used for bio-production Nanostructures and nanomaterials for fuel cell membranes and Storage Bioproduction

Domains of research for Europe in the field of nanomaterials for Energy

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Roadmap for thin film photovoltaics: Scientific visions and socio-economic benefits.

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Human – cells – molecules

m nm 10 nm 100 nm µm 10 µm 100 µm mm cm dm Medicine Cell Biology Biochemistry Life Sciences:

human water protein cell histoid tissue implants biosensors nanostructures scaffolds

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Nanotechnology Applications in Food and Agriculture

Kuzma J. Journal of Nanoparticle Research (2007) 9:165–182 Down on the Farm, 2004; Project on Emerging Nanotechnologies: Nanotechnology in Agriculture and Food Production, 2006; Nanoforum: Nanotechnology in Food and Agriculture, 2006. Compiled by Nanowerk

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NanoMaterials Perspectives

Technology readiness

  • Nano-particle reinforced Mg-alloys (PM)
  • Carbon Nanotubes for lightning strike protection
  • Carbon Nanotubes for improved mechan., electr. and therm.properties (resin, adhesives)
  • Nano-porous/cellular metallic materials with graded properties
  • Nanofillers for PIEZO-paints, -foils and -fibers
  • Conductive coatings (anti-static paints - GFRP)
  • Mikroparticle-reinforced MMC
  • Nano-clay CFRP for barrier/FST improvement
  • Metal-Ceramic nanostructured bulk composites (MMC)
  • Nano-particle Al-alloys (6XXX): Casting/Ball-milling/Cryo-milling
  • RTM: deposition of nano-particles on textiles/in resin
  • Improved strength resins, adhesives and coatings

2010 2015 2020

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Smart - intelligent coatings

Property Function

Smart Materials

Property Function Information System

Intelligent Materials

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Nanoparticles and nanotubes Nanosubstances

Brain Lung Skin Gut Nose

Bone Marrow Spleen Heart Liver Endothelium Placental/ Foetus

Mouth Blood

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A Communication

Public

Multidimensional in Nanotechnology (NT)

Pre-assessment

R&D labs, Industry

  • Problem framing
  • Screening
  • Determination of scientific conventions

Risk appraisal

Risk assessment:

  • Hazard identification & estimation
  • Exposure & vulnerability assessment
  • Risk estimation

Concern assessment:

  • Risk perceptions

International R&D labs

Knowledge development Critical for nanotechnology Applied to specific NT areas

International R&D labs Risk reduction

Applied to specific NT areas

Risk reduction or elimination:

  • Remaining hazard identification
  • New risk perception

Tolerability & Acceptability judgment Public authorities & Int. R&D labs

Risk Evaluation

  • Tolerability & Acceptability

Risk Characterization

  • Judgment of Seriousness
  • f Risk

Specific to manufactured and by-product devices

Risk management

Implementation:

  • Monitoring & control
  • Feedback from previous practices

Decision Making

Public authorities Assessment sphere: Generation of Knowledge International R&D labs Management Sphere: Decision & Actions

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New Education Syllabus for future Materials Scientist

EUROPEAN NANOSCIENCE COLLEGE

forresearch-focused interdisciplinary intersectorial education

Literacy Soft Skills Main Expertise Language Language Language Management Management Social, Ethical Aspects Complentary Disciplines Complentary Disciplines

  • Comp. Disciplines

Research Lab Research Lab Research Lab Industry Industry

Syllabus Master Programme

Physical-

  • r

Chemical -

  • r

Biological -

  • r

Engineering -

  • Funda

mentals

  • f

NanoScience Fundamentals

  • f

NanoScience Special Aspects

  • f

NanoScience

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Conclusions

CERN as The High Engineering and Physics Centre

  • Nanotechnology will enter in all sectors of engineering and physics

1.Nanotechnology is of utmost importance for accelerator engineering and experimental equipment

  • 2. Nanotechnology may help solving the radiation damage problems: magnet coils, electronics, detectors..,

computer possibilities…..

  • 3. Reliable and Flexible construction: e.a. vacuum chamber, …oils and greases,
  • 4. Targeted designs – materials, components, different from shelf's availabilities…e.a. metallic materials
  • 5. Tunnel construction. Experimental halls…………shielding's
  • 6. Infrastructures and controls……………… most advanced electronics
  • 7. Training of CERN staff is vital…..also the users should be prepared to work with nanomaterials and

components

  • 8. Creation of a European nanoCentre of Excellence
  • 9. A prosperous CERN in 2025….. without nano’s is unthinkable