[PPT] - Future Flight: UAS Federal Aviation Administration or Drones PowerPoint Presentation

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Federal Aviation Administration

Presented to:

Unmanned Systems in Agriculture Conference 2015 AUVSI Atlanta and Ga COI

Date: March 18, 2015 Presented by: CAPT Michael K. Wilson UAS Program Manager FAA Southern Region

Future Flight: UAS

r

Drones coming to an Airport Near You

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Federal Aviation Administration

Wright Brothers, Jet Engine… UAS?

Industry forecasts indicate potential worldwide

market for commercial and military UAS at nearly $90 billion over next decade

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Federal Aviation Administration

Economic Impact Estimated at $82B with

ver 100,000 Jobs Created – AUVSI

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Federal Aviation Administration

UAS: Friend or Foe?

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Federal Aviation Administration

What is a UAS?

An Unmanned Aircraft System

(UAS) historically has had various names

– Drone, ROA, RPV, UAV, Model/R-C

FAA: UAS is a System

– Unmanned Aircraft (UA)

Reusable, capable of controlled,

sustained level flight

– Ground Control Station (GCS) – Command & Control Links Flown or overseen by a PIC

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Federal Aviation Administration

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Unmanned Aircraft, Types

Small

– Less than 55# – < 86 Knots – KE?

Large

– 12,500# – Global Hawk – Predator – OPA

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8 Federal Aviation Administration

FAA.gov/uas

Safe, efficient, and timely integration of UAS into the airspace

Safe
Because safety is the FAA’s primary

mission

Efficient
FAA is committed to reduce delays

and increase system reliability

Timely
FAA is dedicated to supporting this

exciting new technology

FAA Vision for UAS Integration

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Federal Aviation Administration

Integration a “Small” Problem?

750,000 DJI Phantoms

shipped

18,000 per month being

shipped by Amazon

Are pilots still pilots?

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Federal Aviation Administration

Recent “CNN” Events

White House lawn: “Inside” job
Wall Street Journal

– “It’s not that the people flying UAS are worse pilots, it’s that they’re not pilots at all.” CEO 3D Robotics, Inc

Good

– AUVSI Convention – Osh Kosh/Sun ‘n Fun/Reno Air Races – Test Sites/Universities – Agriculture shows

Not so Good

– Port of Miami – CBP and Miami Task Force – TLH NMAC by RJ Captain with F-4 drone – ATL pilot reports: 9L UAS at 400’ short final ; 27L STAR @ 4000’ – Savannah A320 JB Report on visual approach (3rd event) – New York/LA/Boston/Chicago/Dallas

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Federal Aviation Administration

UAS in Lawmaking

Four states - Florida, Idaho, Montana and Virginia

have already passed laws to control the use of drones by law enforcement.

FL, ID, an MT: Barred police from using drones

without a warrant in most cases

Virginia has barred their use by law

enforcement (with exceptions) for two years.

According to a tally by the American Civil Liberties

Union, legislation to limit drone use has been proposed in 41 states and remains active in 32 states.

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12 Federal Aviation Administration

FAA.gov/uas

Getting to Integration

Today

Accommodation

Mid-term

Transition to

NAS Integration

Long-term

Integration into

the NextGen NAS

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13 Federal Aviation Administration

FAA.gov/uas

FAA UAS Integration Office, AFS-80

Single POC for All-Things UAS

To promote UAS-NAS integration, the FAA

established a division-level organization reporting to the Director of Flight Standards

Single agency executive focal point
Matrixed organization with staff from Air Traffic

and Flight Standards

Primary sponsoring office for FAA UAS

research and development

Coordinates Certificate of Waiver or

Authorization (COA) processing

Publishes UAS Civil Integration Roadmap
Processes Section 333 petitions for exemption

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14 Federal Aviation Administration

FAA.gov/uas

Flight Standards Performance Plan

FAA’S MISSION, VISION, AND VALUES

Mission

– Provide the safest, most efficient aerospace system in the world.

Vision

– Transform the aviation system to reflect the highest standards of safety and efficiency and be a model for the world. The FAA will bring about this transformation by fostering innovation in our workforce and in how we serve our stakeholders and the American people.

Four strategic priorities:
1. Make aviation safer and smarter
2. Deliver benefits through technology

and infrastructure

3. Enhance global leadership
4. Empower and innovate with

FAA’s people

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15 Federal Aviation Administration

FAA.gov/uas

FAA Flight Standards Performance Plan

The nation’s air traffic system is based on infrastructure that was

largely built 50 years ago and is out of balance with our stakeholders’ changing needs.

NextGen is redefining the NAS and is delivering benefits to system

users, such as reduced fuel costs, reduced delays, and reduced environmental impact.

Great technological advancements require the FAA to safely

integrate new types of user technologies, such as unmanned aircraft systems and commercial space vehicles, into the airspace.

As we accommodate new services, the FAA must rationalize and

rebalance existing services while modernizing our existing infrastructure in order to reduce costs and become more efficient in the long run.

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Federal Aviation Administration

UAS: Anybody Can Do It

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Federal Aviation Administration

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Who Operates Them?

Private

– Recreational Operators (Hobbyists) – Operations below 400’/Remote Area/5 miles from airport – Not for commercial operations (compensation or hire)

Civil

– An entity other than public requiring a S A C Ex or Restricted – No commercial operations (compensation or hire) unless stipulated in terms and conditions of exemption

Public

– intrinsically governmental in nature (i.e. federal, state, and local agencies) – Operator must qualify as public entity – Operation must qualify as government function (public interest) Examples: Department of Defense (DoD); other local, state, and federal government agencies and some universities

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Federal Aviation Administration

Who is Operating UAS in the National Airspace System (NAS)?

Public (Governmental) Aircraft – via Certificate of Waiver or Authorization (COA)

Department of Agriculture
Department of Commerce
Department of Defense
Department of Energy
Department of Homeland Security
Department of Interior
Department of Justice
NASA
Universities
Federal/State/Local Law

Enforcement

Civil Aircraft – via Special Airworthiness Certificates and Special Flight Permits By Exemption

Boeing/Insitu
Aerovironment
Raytheon
AAI Corporation
General Atomics
Arctic and Alaska: SAC-R
Others as exempted under 333

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Federal Aviation Administration

Class A, C, D, E, and G Airspace
Domestic and Oceanic (12 mile limit)

Limitations:

Not in Class B Airspace Now

– NPRM offers limited access with mitigations

Not Over Populated Areas (yellow on the sectionals)

– What about GIS?

Where Are UAS Operating?

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20 Federal Aviation Administration

FAA.gov/uas

UAS Integration Where? How? When? Rules?

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21 Federal Aviation Administration

FAA.gov/uas

Critical UAS Integration Issues

Lack of regulations for UAS

– sUAS Proposed Rule (NPRM) slowed: Due 8/14, Issued last Sunday! Final Rule due September 2015

Commercial and privacy

– Others as required by Congress: FMRA/PL 12-95

Proponent operational and system maturity

– Beta vs VHS – Apple vs Android

Title 10 for DOD?

– Training, Pilot certification, and airworthiness

Risk mitigation – “see-and-avoid” CFR
Oversight requirements: COA vs CFR

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22 Federal Aviation Administration

FAA.gov/uas

FAA Modernization & Reform Act 2012

aka: FAA Reauthorization Bill

– Signed into LAW Feb 14, 2012

Provisions include:

– Creation of 5 year roadmap to be updated annually: DONE – Expedited access for public unmanned aircraft: DONE – FAA to study human factors: In Progress – Small UAS rule to permit flight by 2014: LATE – Exemption for model aircraft < 55 lbs: IN WORK – Establishment of Test Sites: DONE – Arctic flying: Done but a work in Progress – LEA ops < 1 year: Established

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23 Federal Aviation Administration

FAA.gov/uas

FAA UAS Guidance and Collaboration

Comprehensive Plan to Congress 2013

– Common framework for evolving interagency coordination and planning

Roadmap Published

– Current and future policies, regulations, technologies and procedures required for CIVIL UAS – ARC : Part 91 rule review – Aligned with FMRA Congressional mandates – Supports FAA Destination 2025

sUAS rule on National Goals for FAA

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24 Federal Aviation Administration

FAA.gov/uas

Law Enforcement Agencies (LEAs)

FAA has safety mandate under 49 U.S.C. § 40103:

– requirement to regulate aircraft operations conducted in the NAS, which include UAS operations

States and local governments enacting own laws

regarding operation of UAS

– may mean that UAS operations may also violate state and local laws specific to UAS operations, as well as broadly applicable laws such as assault, criminal trespass, or injury to persons or property.

UAS operators and LEAs must be familiar with the

airspace restrictions.

Flight restrictions (TFR’s) are used to protect, but are

not limited to

– special security events, sensitive operations (e.g., select law enforcement activity, space flight operations, etc.), and Presidential movement.

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25 Federal Aviation Administration

FAA.gov/uas

Law Enforcement Agencies (LEAs)

“FAA recognizes that State and local Law Enforcement Agencies (LEA) are often in the best position to deter, detect, immediately investigate, and, as appropriate, pursue enforcement actions to stop unauthorized or unsafe UAS operations.” “While the FAA must exercise caution not to mix criminal law enforcement with the FAA’s administrative safety enforcement function, the public interest is best served by coordination and fostering mutual understanding and cooperation between governmental entities with law enforcement responsibilities.”

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26 Federal Aviation Administration

FAA.gov/uas

Law Enforcement Agencies (LEAs)

Although certainly not an exhaustive list, law enforcement officials, first responders and others can provide invaluable assistance to the FAA by taking the actions outlined below:

(1)Witness Identification and Interviews. (1)Identification of Operators. (2)Viewing and Recording the Location of the Event. (3)Identifying Sensitive Locations, Events, or Activities. (4)Notification. (5)Evidence Collection.

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27 Federal Aviation Administration

FAA.gov/uas

Potential Law Enforcement

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28 Federal Aviation Administration

FAA.gov/uas

COA Applications Submitted by Proponent CY14

Proponent Breakdown

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Federal Aviation Administration

FAA.gov/uas

Current Authorizations

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30 Federal Aviation Administration

FAA.gov/uas

UAS Test Sites

University of Alaska
Includes test ranges in Hawaii

and Oregon

Operational May 5, 2014
State of Nevada
Operational June 9, 2014
New York Griffiss International

Airport

Includes test ranges in

Massachusetts

Operational August 7, 2014
North Dakota Department of

Commerce

Operational April 21, 2014
Texas A&M University –

Corpus Christi

Operational June 20, 2014
Virginia Polytechnic Institute

and State University (Virginia Tech)

Includes test ranges in New

Jersey (partnered with Rutgers University) and Maryland

Operational August 13, 2014

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31 Federal Aviation Administration

FAA.gov/uas

Potential Areas for FMRA Section 333

FILMING | POWER LINE INSPECTION | PRECISION AGRICULTURE | FLARE STACK INSPECTION

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32 Federal Aviation Administration

FAA.gov/uas

UAS in a Neighborhood Near You

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33 Federal Aviation Administration

FAA.gov/uas

FMRA Section 333 Benefits and Potential Areas

Able to move forward with incremental UAS integration for

specific, limited, low-risk uses in advance of small UAS rule

– Includes commercial operations that provide economic benefits – Begins to address demand

Exempts Airworthiness requirements

– May apply for additional exemptions, which may or may not be granted

Potential Areas

– Movie making – Precision agriculture – Flare stack (oil rig) monitoring – Power line inspection – Real Estate – Accident forensics

600+ companies have filed Petitions for Exemption based on

Section 333 (as of March 15) but only 49 approved

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34 Federal Aviation Administration

FAA.gov/uas

Agricultural Possibilities

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35 Federal Aviation Administration

FAA.gov/uas

Impact on Agriculture

UAS operations expected

to be the future of agriculture

– Safer, less costly operations – Greater precision/ability to see broad visual overview of crop conditions

Trimble submitted

application for Section 333 exemption for geospatial mapping; approved December 2014

Yamaha in discussions

with FAA to obtain type certificate for RMAX unmanned helicopter

– Currently used for chemical application in Japan and Australia

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36 Federal Aviation Administration

FAA.gov/uas

Agriculture Exemptions

As of March 13, 8 companies granted

Section 333 exemptions for agriculture: – Trimble Navigation, Ltd. – Advanced Aviation Solutions – Pravia, LLC – Viafield – BOSH Precision Agriculture dba Digital Harvest – 3D Aerial Solutions – FalconSkyCam – Quiet Creek Corporation

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37 Federal Aviation Administration

FAA.gov/uas

UAS Center of Excellence

Originally suggested in Senate committee

report in FY 2012

In FY 2013, FAA received several

Congressional inquires

– FAA deferred selection process until UAS Test Site selection complete

Included as requirement in FY 2014

Transportation, Housing and Urban Development (THUD) conference report

Selection process has started: award in FY

2015

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38 Federal Aviation Administration

FAA.gov/uas

University Research

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39 Federal Aviation Administration

FAA.gov/uas

Myths about UAS

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Unmanned aircraft are not aircraft and not regulated
Title 49 USC and Title 14 CFR
FAA Doesn’t Control Flights below 400’
CFR 91.13: Ground/water/air prevention of collisions
Business purpose is okay over private property and I can use

my model to fly commercially

All commercial aircraft subject to CFR: certified pilot and a/c
The US is lagging other countries in approving commercial

“drones”

NAS largest in the world: FAA Cert vs assumption of liability
Harmonization ongoing with ROW
Information on new website: http://www.faa.gov/uas/

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40 Federal Aviation Administration

FAA.gov/uas

Raphael Pirker Case

Background

– Raphael Pirker fined $10,000 for “reckless and careless” operation of a model UAS following filming at the University of Virginia, 2011

Landmark Legal Actions

– National Transportation Safety Board (NTSB) judge determined FAA did not have jurisdiction in UAS – FAA appealed decision to full NTSB panel

Judge’s decision was stayed, pending NTSB review

– NTSB review determined FAA did have authority over “aircraft” – FAA settled case for $1100 but won principle of authority

Impact

– Increased media reports of unauthorized commercial operations – Comments from operators who say they plan to operate without FAA authorization

Response from FAA

– Interpretive Rule issued on June 23, 2014

Restates FAA authority to take enforcement action against hazardous
perations

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41 Federal Aviation Administration

FAA.gov/uas

Interpretive Rule Communication Plan

– Immediate Actions

Press release/infographic
Guidance for Aviation Safety Inspectors

and Air Traffic Control

Law enforcement outreach

– Follow-on Actions

Continued partnership with Academy of

Model Aeronautics (AMA)

Establish partnerships with:

– Other agencies – Manufacturers/industry

FAA Outreach: Education, Compliance and Enforcement

http://www.faa.gov/about/initiatives/uas/model_aircraft_operators/

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42 Federal Aviation Administration

FAA.gov/uas

“Know Before You Fly” Outreach Campaign

Announced December 22, 2014

– provides prospective UAS users with information and guidance to fly safely and responsibly – founding members: AUVSI, Academy of Model Aeronautics (AMA) and the Small UAV Coalition – partnered with FAA – other Supporters include:

Consumer Electronics Association (CEA) – January 7, 2015
Experimental Aircraft Association (EAA) – January 9, 2015

www.knowbeforeyoufly.org

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43 Federal Aviation Administration

FAA.gov/uas

FAA Working with Industry

n “Know Before You” Fly Campaign
FAA reached voluntary agreement with UAS

manufacturers to include guidance materials in packaging

– manufacturers who voluntarily committed include: DJI, Parrot and Yuneec Electrical Aviation

DJI has already begun including material in their Phantom 2

Quadcopter boxes

www.knowbeforeyoufly.org

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44 Federal Aviation Administration

FAA.gov/uas

UAS In the news

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45 Federal Aviation Administration

FAA.gov/uas

Drone Flies Blind Near D.C. Navy loses control of UAV for 20 minutes

August 26, 2010 — The Navy says “a software issue” caused it to lose contact with one of its MQ-8B Fire Scout UAV helicopters for about 20 minutes during the afternoon of August 2, 2010, allowing the pilot-less drone aircraft to fly itself 23 miles into the restricted airspace surrounding Washington, D.C., according to a story first reported by The New York Times this week.

Not a matter of if, but when a UA meets catastrophe

BREAKING NEWS: Second UAV crashes at Holloman

Full story: Alamogordo Daily News

An unmanned MQ-9 Reaper crashed on landing at the base at approximately 5:35 p.m. Wednesday, according to a news release issued Wednesday night by 49th Wing Public Affairs Office.

MQ-9 Reaper Lost in the California Desert

September 1, 2010

An MQ-9 Reaper Remotely Piloted Aircraft operating under the Aeronautical Systems Center at Wright-Patterson AFB, Ohio crashed yesterday in the Mojave desert area, north of El Mirage Airfield, in Southern California. The aircraft flew

n a daylight test mission. It took off from the Gray Butte

Airfield located about 5 miles east of El Mirage. Both airfields are about midway between Palmdale and Victorville and are about 15 miles south of Edwards AFB. The cause

f the accident will be investigated by an Air Force

investigation board.

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46 Federal Aviation Administration

FAA.gov/uas

When is a UAS crash not a crash?

Predator accident rate of 7 per 100K hours actually less than F-16 Rest of manned DOD is 2 and GA is 12

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47 Federal Aviation Administration

FAA.gov/uas

NPRM

sUAS 14 CFR Part 107

– Released February 23 on www.regulations.gov – 60 days for comments : 90 if warranted: Closing April 24 – 6-12 months for final rule

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48 Federal Aviation Administration

FAA.gov/uas

NPRM

OPS

– < 55#; Max speed 100mph (87 knots) – VLOS and daylight only; 1 at a time – Not over persons but VO not required – FPV cannot satisfy “see and avoid” – Max alt: 500’AGL : No ops > 18K (Class A); others by permission – Min wx: 3 miles visibility – Requires preflight inspection – Propose Class G ops over people with microUAS (< 4.4#)

Certification

– Pilots become “operators” and obtain certificate with small UAS rating – Pass initial aero test every 24 mos & be vetted by TSA – At least 17 years old – Make a/c available for inspection – Report accidents within 10 days if injury or damage

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49 Federal Aviation Administration

FAA.gov/uas

NPRM

Aircraft

– Registration required – No airworthiness cert required – Markings required

Models

– N/A to models that satisfy Section 336 in FMRA – Rule would codify FAA authority by prohibiting operators from endangering safety of the NAS (careless and reckless)

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50 Federal Aviation Administration

FAA.gov/uas

Analysis by Einstein

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51 Federal Aviation Administration

FAA.gov/uas

UAS Resources

FAA UAS Website: www.faa.gov/uas
FAA Inspectors: N8900.1 Volume 16
FAA C&E: Order 8900.268
Air Traffic Order: JO 7210.873(ATO)
Section 333: www.fedreg.gov
PTRS

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52 Federal Aviation Administration

FAA.gov/uas