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Fuelling a new cycle of agrarian accumulation, territorial dominance - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
Fuelling a new cycle of agrarian accumulation, territorial dominance - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
Expansion of oil palm agribusinesses over indigenous-peasant lands and territories in Guatemala: Fuelling a new cycle of agrarian accumulation, territorial dominance and social vulnerability? Panel 28: Biofuels and Livelihoods, at the
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Level n (Village) Level n+1 (socio and agro-ecological area) Level n-1 (Houseolds)
Level n-2 (Gender divided subjects)
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Figure 2: Evolution of palm oil produced (thousands of tons) and oil palm harvested land in Guatemala and Central America 3 (thousands of ha). Year 2000 to 2010.
50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 450 2000 2005 2010 Oil palm harvested land in Guatemala Oil palm harvested land in Central America Palm oil production in Guatemala Source: IDEAR with data from the Guatemal´s Oil Pallm Guild, CEPALSTAT & BANGUAT
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Maize 18,937 km2 Oil palm 7,921 km2 Sugarcane 3,759 km2 Jatropha 2,061 km2
Figure 3: Land harvested with maize, oil palm, sugarcane & jatropha. 2010
Conditions: CLIMATE Temperature ºC Rainfalls mm ALTITUTE Elevation m.a.s.l Hill in % SOILS Effective depth Drainage Texture pH Populated areas, national parks, protected areas and forests are excluded
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Figure 3: Land use in the year 2000 in areas harvested with oil palm in 2010
8% 14% 49% 29%
Forest & wetlands (49%) Food crop lands (29%) Export crop lands (8%) Cattle lands (14%)
Source: IDEAR & the Government of Guatemala´s National Council of Protected Areas
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Contaminated water from oil palm plantations and palm oil mills towards La Pasión river, Sayaxche, Petén. IDEAR 2010. Water intake pie and palm oil mills waste drainages to La Pasión river, Sayaxche, Petén. IDEAR 2010.
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Communal-customary institutions for the management of land and common pool resources
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Figure 4: Opinion when asked: is an oil palm plantation like a forest?
0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%
Men with palm job Men working for OPA Men not working for OPA Women whose spouse works for OPA Women whose spouse does not work for OPA
Yes No
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Figure 5: Opinion when asked: Did family and/or community living conditions change when the oil palm agribusinesses arrived? How?
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80%
Men working for OPA Men not working for OPA Women whose spouse works for OPA Women whose spouse does not work for OPA
Family improved Family worsened Family no changes Village improved Village worsened Village no changes
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Figure 6: Conflicts registered by the Guatemalan Government. Year 2011
Main conservation enclosures and expansion territories of mining & oil companies and oil palm agribusinesses
Source: Compiled by author. The different dot colors refer to the kinds of conflict.
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Figure 7: Gross Territorial Product according to crop systems in the Polochic areas in 2008 (in Quetzales 1US$= 8GTQ).
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Figure 8: Employment generated (in workdays per ha) at territorial and national levels by crop systems in the Polochic areas. 2008
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Figure 9: Average time use by men and women during the plowing season in Polochic Valley & Hill villages
(hours in a day).
Polochic Hill I Polochic Valley Polochic Hill II Polochic Hill I Polochi Valley Polochic Hill II
2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 Agriculture & livestock tasks Social events Household tasks Sleeping Personal care
Women Men
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