The accumulation of sedimentary PCBs in The accumulation of - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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The accumulation of sedimentary PCBs in The accumulation of sedimentary PCBs in bullfrog ( Rana Rana catesbeiana catesbeiana ) tadpoles from ) tadpoles from bullfrog ( the Upper Hudson River the Upper Hudson River 1 , Christopher J. Balk 2 ,

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SLIDE 1

The accumulation of sedimentary PCBs in The accumulation of sedimentary PCBs in bullfrog ( bullfrog (Rana Rana catesbeiana catesbeiana) tadpoles from ) tadpoles from the Upper Hudson River the Upper Hudson River

Joseph C. Steinbacher Joseph C. Steinbacher1

1, Christopher J. Balk

, Christopher J. Balk2

2,

, Kathryn A. Jahn Kathryn A. Jahn3

3, Thomas M. Brosnan

, Thomas M. Brosnan1

1

1 1National Oceanic & Atmospheric Administration

National Oceanic & Atmospheric Administration Silver Spring, Maryland Silver Spring, Maryland

2 2New York State Department of Environmental Conservation

New York State Department of Environmental Conservation Gloversville, New York Gloversville, New York

3 3United States Fish & Wildlife Service

United States Fish & Wildlife Service Cortland, New York Cortland, New York

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SLIDE 2

Study Objectives Study Objectives

  • Screening level

Screening level survey of PCB survey of PCB contamination contamination

  • Preliminary

Preliminary measure for measure for basing future basing future investigations investigations

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SLIDE 3

Bullfrog Ecology Bullfrog Ecology

  • Largest North American frog

Largest North American frog

  • Native to Central and Eastern United States

Native to Central and Eastern United States

  • Highly aquatic

Highly aquatic

  • Carnivorous

Carnivorous

  • Long lived (up to 10 yrs)

Long lived (up to 10 yrs)

  • Breed during late Spring in

Breed during late Spring in permanent water bodies permanent water bodies

  • Egg masses attached to

Egg masses attached to submerged vegetation submerged vegetation

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SLIDE 4

Bullfrog Life Stages Bullfrog Life Stages

Frog Spawn Frog Spawn Pre Pre-

  • limb

limb Limb Bud Limb Bud Hind Limb Hind Limb Metamorph Metamorph

* *Gosner Gosner KL (1960) A simplified table for staging anuran embryos KL (1960) A simplified table for staging anuran embryos and larvae with notes on identification. and larvae with notes on identification. Herpetologica Herpetologica 16: 183 16: 183-

  • 190.

190.

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SLIDE 5

Bullfrog Tadpoles Bullfrog Tadpoles

  • Hatch out in Summer

Hatch out in Summer

  • Over winter in sediments

Over winter in sediments

  • May reach lengths greater than 8 cm

May reach lengths greater than 8 cm

  • Primarily herbivorous

Primarily herbivorous – – organic debris,

  • rganic debris,

algae, plant tissue, detritus algae, plant tissue, detritus

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SLIDE 6

Study Sites Study Sites

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SLIDE 7

Sampling Synopsis Sampling Synopsis

  • Samples collected August

Samples collected August-

  • September 2003

September 2003

  • Sediment collected from 9 sites (2 reference)

Sediment collected from 9 sites (2 reference)

  • Composited

Composited sediment samples (n = 9) sediment samples (n = 9)

  • 155 tadpoles collected from 8 sites (6 study, 2

155 tadpoles collected from 8 sites (6 study, 2 reference) reference)

  • Individuals were

Individuals were composited composited based on based on developmental stage (42 developmental stage (42 composited composited samples, n = samples, n = 1 1 -

  • 12)

12)

  • Tadpole gut coils were removed prior to analysis

Tadpole gut coils were removed prior to analysis

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SLIDE 8

Sampling

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SLIDE 9

Total Total PCBs PCBs

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SLIDE 10

Sediment [PCB] Sediment [PCB]

Site 7 Site 4 Site 3 Site 6 Site 5 Site 8 Site 1 Site 9

PCB Concentration (ppm)

0.01 0.1 1 10 100

Reference Sites Hudson River Study Sites

Site 7 Site 4 Site 3 Site 6 Site 5 Site 8 Site 1 Site 9

PCB Concentration (ppm)

0.01 0.1 1 10 100

Reference Sites Hudson River Study Sites

Upstream Downstream

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SLIDE 11

Tadpole [PCB] Tadpole [PCB]

Site 7 Site 4 Site 3 Site 6 Site 5 Site 8 Site 1 Site 9

PCB Concentration (ppm)

0.01 0.1 1 10 100

Reference Sites Hudson River Study Sites

Site 7 Site 4 Site 3 Site 6 Site 5 Site 8 Site 1 Site 9

PCB Concentration (ppm)

0.01 0.1 1 10 100

Reference Sites Hudson River Study Sites

Upstream Downstream

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SLIDE 12

Sediment & Tadpoles Sediment & Tadpoles

Sediment PCB Concentration (ppm)

10 20 30 40 50 60 70

Tadpole PCB Concentration (ppm)

1 2 3 4 5 6

y = 0.07x + 503 R2 = 0.89 Sediment PCB Concentration (ppm)

10 20 30 40 50 60 70

Tadpole PCB Concentration (ppm)

1 2 3 4 5 6

y = 0.07x + 503 R2 = 0.89

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SLIDE 13

Tadpole Tadpole Developmental Developmental Stage [PCB] Stage [PCB]

Pre-limb Limb Bud Hind Limb Metamorph

PCB Concentration (ppm)

0.01 0.1 1 10 100 Pre-limb Limb Bud Hind Limb Metamorph

PCB Concentration (ppm)

0.01 0.1 1 10 100

Hudson River Study Sites Reference Sites

Pre-limb Limb Bud Hind Limb Metamorph

PCB Concentration (ppm)

0.01 0.1 1 10 100 Pre-limb Limb Bud Hind Limb Metamorph

PCB Concentration (ppm)

0.01 0.1 1 10 100

Hudson River Study Sites Reference Sites

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SLIDE 14

PCB Congeners PCB Congeners

  • 48 PCB congeners selected for quantification

48 PCB congeners selected for quantification

  • Selected congeners are found, historically, in PCB

Selected congeners are found, historically, in PCB composition of various Hudson River physical and composition of various Hudson River physical and biological samples biological samples

  • 12

12 ‘ ‘Dioxin Dioxin-

  • like

like’ ’ PCB congeners included among the 48 PCB congeners included among the 48

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SLIDE 15

PCB Congeners PCB Congeners

167 167 126 126 77 77 169 169 81 81 158 158 123 123 74 74 157 157 118 118 70 70 189 189 156 156 114 114 66 66 187 187 153 153 110 110 56 56 183 183 151 151 105 105 52 52 180 180 149 149 101 101 49 49 201 201 177 177 146 146 99 99 47 47 195 195 174 174 138 138 95 95 45 45 31/28 31/28 209 209 206 206 194 194 170 170 128 128 87 87 44 44 18 18 8 8 Deca Deca Nona Nona Octa Octa Hepta Hepta Hexa Hexa Penta Penta Tetra Tetra Tri Tri Di Di

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SLIDE 16

PCB PCB Congeners Congeners

Upper Study Sites Lower Study Sites

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SLIDE 17

Fraction of Total

0.00 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.10 0.12

Fraction of Total

0.00 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.10 0.12

Fraction of Total

0.00 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.10 0.12

Fraction of Total

0.00 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.10 0.12

Hudson River Hudson River Study Site Study Site Sediment PCB Sediment PCB Congener Congener Composition Composition

Upper Study Sites Lower Study Sites

8 31/28 47,49,52 8 31/28 47,49,52

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SLIDE 18

Fraction of Total

0.00 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.10 0.12

Fraction of Total

0.00 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.10 0.12

Fraction of Total

0.00 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.10 0.12

Fraction of Total

0.00 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.10 0.12

Reference Site Reference Site Sediment PCB Sediment PCB Congener Congener Composition Composition

Site 1 Site 9

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SLIDE 19

Fraction of Total

0.00 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.10

Fraction of Total

0.00 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.10

Fraction of Total

0.00 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.10

Fraction of Total

0.00 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.10

Hudson River Hudson River Study Site Study Site Tadpole PCB Tadpole PCB Congener Congener Composition Composition

Upper Study Sites Lower Study Sites

31/28 47,49,52 31/28 47,49,52

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SLIDE 20

Fraction of Total

0.00 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.10 0.40 0.50 0.60 0.70

Fraction of Total

0.00 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.10 0.40 0.50 0.60 0.70

Fraction of Total

0.00 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.10 0.40 0.50 0.60 0.70

Fraction of Total

0.00 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.10 0.40 0.50 0.60 0.70

Reference Site Reference Site Tadpole PCB Tadpole PCB Congener Congener Composition Composition

Site 1 Site 9

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SLIDE 21

0.00 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.10 8 18 31/28 44 45 47 49 52 56 66 70 74 77 81 87 95 99 101 105 110 114 118 123 126 128 138 146 149 151 153 156 157 158 167 169 170 174 177 180 183 187 189 194 195 201 206 209

Fraction of Total (Sediment)

0.00 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.10

Fraction of Total (Tadpoles)

0.00 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.10 8 18 31/28 44 45 47 49 52 56 66 70 74 77 81 87 95 99 101 105 110 114 118 123 126 128 138 146 149 151 153 156 157 158 167 169 170 174 177 180 183 187 189 194 195 201 206 209 0.00 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.10 8 18 31/28 44 45 47 49 52 56 66 70 74 77 81 87 95 99 101 105 110 114 118 123 126 128 138 146 149 151 153 156 157 158 167 169 170 174 177 180 183 187 189 194 195 201 206 209

Fraction of Total (Sediment)

0.00 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.10

Fraction of Total (Tadpoles)

0.00 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.10 8 18 31/28 44 45 47 49 52 56 66 70 74 77 81 87 95 99 101 105 110 114 118 123 126 128 138 146 149 151 153 156 157 158 167 169 170 174 177 180 183 187 189 194 195 201 206 209

Sediment Sediment vs vs Tadpole PCB Tadpole PCB Composition Composition (One to One) (One to One)

Upper Study Sites Lower Study Sites

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SLIDE 22

Tadpole Tadpole : : Sediment Ratios Sediment Ratios ( (TSRs TSRs) )

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SLIDE 23

Sediment Organic Sediment Organic Carbon Carbon vs vs [PCB] [PCB] Tadpole Lipid Tadpole Lipid Content Content vs vs [PCB] [PCB]

Organic Carbon (%)

2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18

Sediment PCB Concentration (ppm)

10 20 30 40 50 60 70

Lipid Content (%)

0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5 4.0

Tadpole PCB Concentration (ppm)

2 4 6 8 10

y = -781.2x + 18870 R2 = 0.02 y = -17.73x + 1519 R2 = 0.01

Organic Carbon (%)

2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18

Sediment PCB Concentration (ppm)

10 20 30 40 50 60 70

Lipid Content (%)

0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5 4.0

Tadpole PCB Concentration (ppm)

2 4 6 8 10

y = -781.2x + 18870 R2 = 0.02 y = -17.73x + 1519 R2 = 0.01

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SLIDE 24

Tadpole Tadpole : : Sediment Sediment Ratios ( Ratios (TSRs TSRs) )

Fraction of Total (Tadpole)

0.00 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.10

8 18 1/28 44 45 47 49 52 56 66 70 74 77 81 87 95 99 101 105 110 114 118 123 126 128 138 146 149 151 153 156 157 158 167 169 170 174 177 180 183 187 189 194 195 201 206 209

Fraction of Total (Sediment)

0.00 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.10

Fraction of Total (Tadpole)

0.00 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.10

8 18 1/28 44 45 47 49 52 56 66 70 74 77 81 87 95 99 101 105 110 114 118 123 126 128 138 146 149 151 153 156 157 158 167 169 170 174 177 180 183 187 189 194 195 201 206 209

Fraction of Total (Sediment)

0.00 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.10

Tadpole PCBs Tadpole PCBs (normalized to total

(normalized to total)

) Sediment PCBs Sediment PCBs (normalized to total)

(normalized to total)

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SLIDE 25

TSR

2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18

TSR

2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18

TSR

2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18

TSR

2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18

TSRs TSRs

Hudson River Study Sites Site 1

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SLIDE 26

Log TSR

  • 1.0
  • 0.5

0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 8 18 31/28 44 45 47 49 52 56 66 70 74 87 95 99 101 105 110 114 118 128 138 146 149 151 153 156 157 158 167 170 174 177180 183 187 189 194 195 201 206 209

Log Kow

5 6 7 8 9 10

Log TSR

  • 1.0
  • 0.5

0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 31/28 44 47 49 52 56 66 70 74 87 95 99 101 105 110 118 128 138 146 149 151 153 156 158 167 170 174 177 180 183 187

Log TSR

  • 1.0
  • 0.5

0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 8 18 31/28 44 45 47 49 52 56 66 70 74 87 95 99 101 105 110 114 118 128 138 146 149 151 153 156 157 158 167 170 174 177180 183 187 189 194 195 201 206 209

Log Kow

5 6 7 8 9 10

Log TSR

  • 1.0
  • 0.5

0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 31/28 44 47 49 52 56 66 70 74 87 95 99 101 105 110 118 128 138 146 149 151 153 156 158 167 170 174 177 180 183 187

Log Log Kow vs Kow vs Log TSR Log TSR

Hudson River Study Sites Site 1

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SLIDE 27

Study Site Log Study Site Log Kow vs Kow vs Log TSR Log TSR

Log Kow

5.0 5.5 6.0 6.5 7.0 7.5 8.0

Log TSR

  • 1.0
  • 0.5

0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5

Log Kow

5.0 5.5 6.0 6.5 7.0 7.5 8.0

Log TSR

  • 1.0
  • 0.5

0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5

Di Di Tri Tri Tetra Tetra Penta Penta Hexa Hexa Hepta Hepta Octa Octa

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SLIDE 28

Conclusions Conclusions

  • Hudson River bullfrog tadpoles are contaminated with PCBs

Hudson River bullfrog tadpoles are contaminated with PCBs

  • Tadpole PCB body burdens and congener distributions reflect

Tadpole PCB body burdens and congener distributions reflect sediment PCB loads and composition sediment PCB loads and composition

  • Sediment and tadpole PCB congener distributions varied little

Sediment and tadpole PCB congener distributions varied little within and between study sites within and between study sites

  • Reference site sediment

Reference site sediment and tadpole PCB congener and tadpole PCB congener composition differed composition differed markedly from study sites markedly from study sites

  • The majority of sediment

The majority of sediment PCB congeners are found PCB congeners are found in greater relative in greater relative fractions in collocated fractions in collocated tadpole tissues tadpole tissues