From Hyogo Framework Action 2 to Post-MDGs/SDGs Kenichiro Tachi - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
The seventh GEOSS Asia-Pacific Symposium 27 May 2014, Tokyo, Japan From Hyogo Framework Action 2 to Post-MDGs/SDGs Kenichiro Tachi Senior Deputy Director, International Affairs Office, Water and Disaster Management Bureau, Ministry of Land,
Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism
Kenichiro Tachi
Senior Deputy Director, International Affairs Office, Water and Disaster Management Bureau, Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism (MLIT) Japan
The seventh GEOSS Asia-Pacific Symposium 27 May 2014, Tokyo, Japan
(Post-2015 MDGs)
Reduction (HFA2)
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HF A2 – Post 2015 Framework for DRR
Discussions at various fora Summit for post 2015 Dev. Framework UN/ GA Resolution
2015 (70th Session of GA) Decision Making by UN Member States
Global Platform 2013
May 2013
Regional Platforms, etc.
2014
UN World Conference on Disaster Risk Reduction
HF A2 E ndorsement by UN/ GA Resolution
2015
Inter governmental Preparatory process for WCDRR
2014
SIDS Conf.
2014
OE CD Ministerial Council Meeting
May 2014
E COSOC
May 2014
High Level Panel Report
May 2013
SG Report
July 2013
Special E vent for MDGs
68th Session of General Assembly
SDGs Report
Rio +20
(UN Conference on Sustainable Development) Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) was proposed. June 2012
SDGs Open Working Group
・Sole running inter-governmental working group ・SDGs is agreed to be integrated to post MDGs at RIO +20
Post - 2015 Development Framework
2016 -
Inter Governmental Negotiation
69th Session of General Assembly
2014
Road to Post-2015 Development Framework
Post-2015 MDGs
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SDGs HFA2
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Millennium Development Goals: MDGs
What are MDGs?
The MDGs are the international development goals that UN Member States have agreed to try to achieve by the year 2015. The United Nations Millennium Declaration, signed in September 2000, commits world leaders to combat poverty, hunger, disease, illiteracy, environmental degradation, and discrimination against women. The MDGs are derived from this Declaration. The MDGs aim to achieve the 8 development goals. Each MDG has targets set for 2015 and concrete and measurable indicators to monitor progress from 1990 levels. (MDGs : Millennium Development Goals)
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Goal 1: Eradicate extreme poverty and hunger Goal 2: Achieve universal primary education Goal 3: Promote gender equality and empower women Goal 4: Reduce child mortality Goal 5: Improve maternal health Goal 6: Combat HIV/AIDS, malaria and other diseases Goal 7: Ensure environmental sustainability Goal 8: Develop a global partnership for development
Goals of present MDGs and Water Target
proportion of people without sustainable access to safe drinking water and basic sanitation”
Source: Millennium Development Goals Indicators, The official United Nations site for the MDG Indicators <http://mdgs.un.org/unsd/mdg/Metadata.aspx>
Only one water target in MDGs
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Goals of MDGs No Target on Disaster Risk Reduction
HF A2 – Post 2015 Framework for DRR
Discussions at various fora Summit for post 2015 Dev. Framework UN/ GA Resolution
2015 (70th Session of GA) Decision Making by UN Member States
Global Platform 2013
May 2013
Regional Platforms, etc.
2014
UN World Conference on Disaster Risk Reduction
HF A2 E ndorsement by UN/ GA Resolution
2015
Inter governmental Preparatory process for WCDRR
2014
SIDS Conf.
2014
OE CD Ministerial Council Meeting
May 2014
E COSOC
May 2014
High Level Panel Report
May 2013
SG Report
July 2013
Special E vent for MDGs
68th Session of General Assembly
SDGs Report
Rio +20
(UN Conference on Sustainable Development) Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) was proposed. June 2012
SDGs Open Working Group
・Sole running inter-governmental working group ・SDGs is agreed to be integrated to post MDGs at RIO +20
Post - 2015 Development Framework
2016 -
Inter Governmental Negotiation
69th Session of General Assembly
2014
Road to Post-2015 Development Framework
Road to Post-2015 MDGs
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Goal 1:End poverty Goal 2:Empower girls and women and achieve gender equality Goal 3:Provide quality education and lifelong learning Goal 4:Ensure healthy lives Goal 5:Ensure food security and good nutrition Goal 6:Achieve universal access to water and sanitation Goal 7:Secure sustainable energy Goal 8:Create jobs, sustainable livelihood, and equitable growth Goal 9:Manage natural resource assets sustainable
Proposed goals in the High-Level Panel Report (May 2013)
deaths from natural disasters by x%”
drinking water at home, and in schools, health centers, and refugee camps
universal access to sanitation at school and work, and increase access to sanitation at home by x%
with supply and increase water efficiency in agriculture by x%, industry by y% and urban areas by z%
industrial wastewater prior to discharge
Source: “The Report of the High-Level Panel of Eminent Persons on the Post-2015 Development Agenda” (May 2013) <http://www.un.org/sg/management/beyond2015.shtml>
Goal 10:Ensure good governance and effective institutions Goal 11:Ensure stable and peaceful societies Goal 12:Create a global enabling environment and catalyze long-term finance
Target on disaster risk reduction Independent water & sanitation goal Target on wastewater treatment
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Post-2015 Target for Disaster Risk Reduction Build resilience and reduce deaths from natural disasters by x%
Proposed Target in the High-Level Panel Report (May 2013) Indicator value depends on the magnitude or frequency of disasters
may provide misleading results. It is not necessarily an appropriate indicator to measure the progress resulting from the efforts and measures implemented.
Need an appropriate indicator that can measure “progress”
Inclusion of a target on disaster risk reduction is a big step forward. But… Protecting assets and jobs/livelihoods by investing into disaster prevention is inevitable for eradicating poverty. Target on disaster risk reduction should not only aim to reduce deaths but also economic damages and losses. Weakness of the proposed target
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% reduction in death and economic damages
measures damage: deaths or economic damages/losses Reduce deaths and economic damages from natural disasters by half
Recommendation by MLIT
Proposed Target on Disaster Risk Reduction Proposed Indicator on Disaster Risk Reduction Using actual figures of deaths/damages gives a sense of reality as compared to other MDGs indicators. By indicating in % reduction rather than absolute value, it can represent the effectiveness of disaster prevention investment regardless of the magnitude of disasters the world will experience in the next 15 years. Estimated damage with no measures in place can be calculated relatively easily using a model calibrated based on the actual disasters. Advantages of the above indicator
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Sustainable Development Goals: SDGs
Member States agreed that SDGs must: Build upon commitments already made in the economic, social and environmental fields. Be coherent with and integrated into the United Nations development agenda beyond 2015. Not divert focus or effort from the achievement of the Millennium Development Goals. Be universally applicable to all countries. …etc
developing global sustainable development goals to be agreed by the General
UN Member States agreed at Rio+20 (June 2012) to develop Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) as part of post-2015 framework. Open Working Group on SDGs Mandated by the Rio+20 Outcome document to prepare a proposal on SDGs for consideration by the Assembly at its 68th session (Sept 2013 – Sept 2014). What are SDGs?
SDGs : Sustainable Development Goals
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Road to SDGs
HF A2 – Post 2015 Framework for DRR
Discussions at various fora Summit for post 2015 Dev. Framework UN/ GA Resolution
2015 (70th Session of GA) Decision Making by UN Member States
Global Platform 2013
May 2013
Regional Platforms, etc.
2014
UN World Conference on Disaster Risk Reduction
HF A2 E ndorsement by UN/ GA Resolution
2015
Inter governmental Preparatory process for WCDRR
2014
SIDS Conf.
2014
OE CD Ministerial Council Meeting
May 2014
E COSOC
May 2014
High Level Panel Report
May 2013
SG Report
July 2013
Special E vent for MDGs
68th Session of General Assembly
SDGs Report
Rio +20
(UN Conference on Sustainable Development) Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) was proposed. June 2012
SDGs Open Working Group
・Sole running inter-governmental working group ・SDGs is agreed to be integrated to post MDGs at RIO +20
Post - 2015 Development Framework
2016 -
Inter Governmental Negotiation
69th Session of General Assembly
2014
Road to SDGs
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1. Poverty eradication, building shared prosperity and promoting equality 2. Sustainable agriculture, food security and nutrition 3. Health and population dynamics 4. Education and life-long learning 5. Gender equality and women’s empowerment 6. Water and sanitation 7. Energy 8. Economic growth, employment and infrastructure 9. Industrialization and promoting equality among nations
development
Focus areas in the Working Document for OWG (5-9 May) 5 out of 16 Focus areas include “water” or “disaster risk reduction” targets.
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Hyogo Framework for Action: HFA
What is HFA? The HFA is a 10-year plan to make the world safer from natural hazards.
The HFA is the first plan to explain, describe and detail the work that is required from all different sectors and actors to reduce disaster losses by 2015. The HFA offers five areas of priorities for action, guiding principles and practical means for achieving disaster resilience for vulnerable communities in the context of sustainable development.
HFA : Hyogo Framework for Action
National governments Regional organizations and institutions International organizations The ISDR system Others Who is responsible for HFA?
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Ensure that disaster risk reduction is a national and a local priority with a strong institutional basis for implementation.
5 Priorities for Actions
(HFA2) is under the process of consultation.
Current HFA is comprehensive, but some aspects should be further emphasized in the upcoming HFA2.
Make Disaster Risk Reduction a Priority Identify, assess and monitor disaster risks and enhance early warning. Know the Risks and Take Action Use knowledge, innovation and education to build a culture of safety and resilience at all levels Build Understanding and Awareness Reduce the underlying risk factors Reduce Risk Strengthen disaster preparedness for effective response at all levels. Be Prepared and Ready to Act
Hyogo Framework for Action: HFA
4 3 2 5 1
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In most developing countries, investment into infrastructure whose linkages with economic development are easily understood (i.e. transportation infrastructure, etc.) is prioritized over investment for disaster prevention. Some countries are hit by mega-disasters without adequate investment into disaster prevention. These countries loose all the development gains and suffer difficulties getting their economy back on track.
Points to be emphasized in the HFA2 (1) More Investment for Disaster “Prevention”
100,000 200,000 300,000 400,000 500,000 600,000 700,000 800,000 1,000,000 2,000,000 3,000,000 4,000,000 5,000,000 6,000,000 7,000,000 8,000,000 1962 1967 1972 1977 1982 1987 1992 1997 2002 2007 2012
GDP(nominal) (billion JPY) National Budget for DRM (million JPY) National Budget for Recovery and Reconstruction (total) National Budget for Preparedness (total) GDP(nominal)
DRM Investment and GDP in Japan
Japan’s economic development was based on the continuous investment into preventive measures.
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The HFA has a strong focus on non-structural measures (e.g. policies, legislative/institutional framework, early warning, education). Non-structural measures such as early warning can save lives, but their effectiveness in protecting assets and preventing economic losses is limited. Best mix of structural and non-structural measures is crucial for prevention of economic impacts of disasters. HFA2 should deliver a stronger message that appropriate combination of structural and nonstructural measures to be promoted in more strategic and deliberate manner.
Points to be emphasized in the HFA2 (2) Best mix of structural & non-structural measures
Flood management measures are typically described as either structural or non-structural. …Structural and non-structural measures do not preclude each other, and most successful strategies will combine both types. 1)
Source; 1) The World Bank, GFDRR, Cities and Flooding A Guide to Integrated Urban Flood Risk Management for the 21st Century, 2012.2, p.32-33, <http://www.gfdrr.org/gfdrr/sites/gfdrr.org/files/urbanfloods/pdf/Cities%20and%20Flooding%20Guidebook.pdf>
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coastline inundation East Sendai Expressway No inundation
Investing into infrastructure in disaster-prone areas can increase vulnerability against disasters unless disaster risk is appropriately accounted for (schools or hospitals without earthquake protection, population growth in flood-prone areas, etc). HFA2 should stress the importance of addressing disaster risk reduction in all development projects across all sectors.
Points to be emphasized in the HFA2 (3) Addressing disaster risk reduction in all sectors
At the time of Great East Japan Earthquake and Tsunamis, the embankment structured expressway, “The East Sendai Expressway” acted as a secondary barrier or dike, and prevented tsunamis from penetrating further inland.
Inland side sea side
Expressway acted as a barrier against tsunamis
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Similar scale of damage may be repeated if infrastructure is only restored to its pre-disaster state. It may also lead to persistent poverty. In order to build a disaster resilient society, recovery and reconstruction from a disaster should be planed in a way so that future damage from a disaster of similar magnitude will be at least smaller.
(4) Recovery and reconstruction for reducing future damages
In Japan, damaged infrastructures are recovered and reconstructed based on the idea of preventing recurrence of a similar disaster.
○ Levee construction, channel excavation and development of detention basins were carried out in Igarashi River and Kariyata River of Shinano River System after the flood of July 2004 in order to prevent damages from future flooding. ○ In July 2011, heavy rain with precipitation higher than that of 2004 by 40% was recorded, however damages were significantly reduced.
277.0 388.4 0.0 100.0 200.0 300.0 400.0 500.0
平成１６年７月洪水 平成２３年７月洪水150230 3426 40000 80000 120000 160000
平成１６年７月洪水 平成２３年７月洪水14439 1062 4000 8000 12000 16000
平成１６年７月洪水 平成２３年７月洪水2-day precipitation (Upstream of Teiseki-bashi)
Damages to General Asset
（mm） （million yen）Damaged Buildings
（number）40% i 40% increase se 98% r reductio uction 93% r reductio uction
2004.7 2011.7 2004.7 2011.7 2004.7 2011.7
277.0 388.4 150,230 3,426 14,439 1,062
Points to be emphasized in the HFA2
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Obtaining accurate information and records of actual disaster damages helps understanding characteristics of disasters and developing appropriate recovery/reconstruction plans. Accumulating long-term disaster statistics data helps verifying progress of disaster management measures and setting appropriate goals.
(5) Survey and recording of the damages after disasters Points to be emphasized in the HFA2
Query and view the survey data
Aggregate, organize, and screen the survey data
National Government MLIT (National
Prefectures
Occurrence of water-related disaster
General assets
Public infrastructures
Public Services Municipalities Municipalities Prefectures Prefectures Public Services Offices Submit
Damage Statistics
DB server of Flood Damage Statistics Develop the guideline of flood damage statistics survey (coverage and procedure of the survey, survey format, fill-in guideline, etc.)
Submit within 45 days of disaster
Access to Flood Damage Statistics DB
National Government (Regional Offices, etc.)
Submit Submit
Flood Damage Statistics Survey by MLIT
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Road to the HFA2
HF A2 – Post 2015 Framework for DRR
Discussions at various fora Summit for post 2015 Dev. Framework UN/ GA Resolution
2015 (70th Session of GA) Decision Making by UN Member States
Global Platform 2013
May 2013
Regional Platforms, etc.
2014
UN World Conference on Disaster Risk Reduction
HF A2 E ndorsement by UN/ GA Resolution
2015
Inter governmental Preparatory process for WCDRR
2014
SIDS Conf.
2014
OE CD Ministerial Council Meeting
May 2014
E COSOC
May 2014
High Level Panel Report
May 2013
SG Report
July 2013
Special E vent for MDGs
68th Session of General Assembly
SDGs Report
Rio +20
(UN Conference on Sustainable Development) Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) was proposed. June 2012
SDGs Open Working Group
・Sole running inter-governmental working group ・SDGs is agreed to be integrated to post MDGs at RIO +20
Post - 2015 Development Framework
2016 -
Inter Governmental Negotiation
69th Session of General Assembly
2014
Road to the HFA2
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Conclusion
MLIT’s Proposals for post MDGs and SDGs Targets on disaster risk reduction should be included. Target on disaster risk reduction should not only aim to reduce deaths but also economic damages and losses. MLIT’s Proposals for HFA2 Points to be emphasized in the HFA2 are as follows １） More Investment for Disaster “Prevention” ２） Best mix of structural & non-structural measures ３） Addressing disaster risk reduction in all sectors ４） Recovery and reconstruction for reducing future damages ５） Survey and recording of the damages after disasters
To properly position “Water and Disaster Risk Reduction” in Post-2015 Development Framework, support from science and technology is indispensable!
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