Dialogue with ECOSOC Geneva 5 July 2013 The road so far and - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
Sustainable Development in Latin America and the Caribbean: regional perspectives towards the post- 2015 development agenda Antonio Prado, Deputy Executive Secretary Dialogue with ECOSOC Geneva 5 July 2013 The road so far and obstacles
Antonio Prado, Deputy Executive Secretary Dialogue with ECOSOC Geneva – 5 July 2013
progress towards achieving the Millennium Development Goals
measurements at the regional, national and subnational levels
Source:: Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean (ECLAC), on the basis of CEPALSTAT and special tabulations of data from household surveys conducted in the respective countries.
LATIN AMERICA: POVERTY AND INDIGENCE, 1980-2012 a (Percentages)
Source: Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean (ECLAC), on the basis of special tabulations of household surveys conducted in the respective countries.
a Estimates for 18 countries in the region plus Haiti. The figures at the
top of the bars represent the percentage and total number of poor people (indigent plus non-indigent poor). The figures cited for 2011 and 2012 are projections.
LATIN AMERICA AND OTHER REGIONS OF THE WORLD: GINI CONCENTRATION COEFFICIENT, AROUND 2009 a
Source: Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean (ECLAC), on the basis of special tabulations of data from household surveys conducted in the respective countries; World Bank, World Development Indicators [online].
a The regional data are expressed as simple averages, calculated using
the latest observation available in each country for the 2000-2009 period.
b Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development.
0.52 0.44 0.41 0.38 0.38 0.35 0.33
0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6
Latin America and the Caribbean (18) Sub- Saharan Africa (37) East Asia and the Pacific (10) North Africa and Middle East (9) South Asia (8) Eastern Europe and Central Asia (21) OECD (20)
40.5 48.4 43.8 43.9 32.8 31.0 29.4 28.8 18.6 22.6 18.6 19.3 13.0 12.1 11.5 11.4
0.0 10.0 20.0 30.0 40.0 50.0 60.0
1980 1990 1999 2002 2009 2010 2011 2012
Poverty Indigence
Source: ECLAC, on the basis of specia tabulations of household surveys
Latin America (18 countries): income vulnerability profile by country, 2010 (in percentage)
3.8 2.0 4.1 7.4 12.1 12.3 11.0 11.9 23.3 14.5 23.4 17.8 35.0 23.4 32.3 31.3 37.3 46.7 7.9 11.2 12.8 17.8 18.7 19.3 25.6 27.6 24.8 31.5 28.8 30.6 26.3 33.9 31.5 31.8 32.4 26.7 10.2 15.5 17.8 18.2 15.4 17.7 22.6 22.7 16.9 20.2 16.8 20.7 14.8 19.5 14.6 16.9 13.8 11.5 78.1 71.4 65.3 56.6 53.8 50.7 40.8 37.8 35.0 33.7 31.0 30.9 23.9 23.3 21.6 20.0 16.4 15.1 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 Porcentaje Indigentes o altamente vulnerables a la indigencia (hasta 0.6 LP) Pobres o altamente vulnerables a la pobreza (0.61 a 1.2 LP) Vulnerables a la pobreza (1.2 a 1.8 LP) No vulnerables (más de 1.8 LP)
during economic crisis and favours growth with job creation
to volatile international prices of primary goods and food products
sustain public spending and consolidate social policies
infrastructure, innovation
formal jobs and the rise of labour incomes
America and the Caribbean Follow-up to the United Nations development agenda beyond 2015 and to Rio+20
– Conference on Sustainable Development in Latin America and the Caribbean: Follow-up to the development agenda beyond 2015 and Rio+20, Bogotá, March 2013 – Caribbean Forum: Shaping a Sustainable Development Agenda to address the Caribbean Reality in the 21st Century , Bogotá, March 2013
Declaration (November 2012 and April, 2013)
– Civil society consultation, Guadalajara, organized by UNDP and Government of Mexico with ECLAC
as equality is needed for growth
gender, ethnicity and territory persist;
innovation and high value added, decent jobs, sustainable use of natural resources lower carbon intensity and reduced waste;
and provides entry into the labour market;
have access to the labour market on an equitable basis and full physical and political autonomy and empowerment;
development is underpinned by sound macroeconomic fundamentals;
accompanied by public policy for universal social protection;
degradation without a paradigm shift in production and consumption.
Latin America and the Caribbean, a middle income region ($ 10,000 per capita PPP), to the income level of developed countries ($ 38,000) is equivalent to 19% of global GDP. To lift all upper middle income countries to a high income level it would be equivalent to 85% of world GDP.
model will be unable to generate that income growth without impairing the planet’s resilience and survival.
Inequality
For the first time in recent history there have been advances in combating inequality
Investment
Investment, at 22.9% of GDP, is insufficient for development
Productivity
Closing the external gap (with the technological frontier) and the internal gap (between sectors and actors)
Taxation Regressive tax systems; weak non- contributory pillar International linkages
Risk of “reprimarization”
structure, with low value added and little investment in technology
Environmen- tal sustainabiity Move towards sustainable production and consumption patterns
LATIN AMERICA (18 COUNTRIES): STRUCTURAL HETEROGENEITY INDICATORS, AROUND 2009 (Percentages)
Assets
inflation
– One third of the world’s freshwater reserves and 12% of the arable land – A third of world production of ethanol, around 25% of the production of biofuels and 13% of oil production – Reserves: 65% of lithium, 49% of silver, 44% of copper, 33% of tin, 32% of molybdenum, 26% of bauxite, 23% of nickel, 22% of iron and 22% of zinc – 48% of world output of soybean – 21% of the global area of natural forest and rich biodiversity
Weaknesses
to natural resources)
INTERNATIONAL COMPARISON OF THE LEVEL AND STRUCTURE OF THE TAX BURDEN (Percentages of GDP)
Source: Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean (ECLAC), on the basis of CEPALSTAT for Latin American countries; IMF for Sub-Saharan African countries and developing Asia; OECDStat for OECD countries.
– Public spending reached 29.7% of GDP, and became more progressive and less pro-cyclical – Social spending also grew as a share of GDP (18.6%) and of overall public spending (62.6%)
LATIN AMERICA AND THE CARIBBEAN (21 COUNTRIES): PUBLIC SOCIAL SPENDING AS A SHARE OF TOTAL SPENDING, 1991-1992 TO 2009-2010 a (Percentages of GDP and of total public spending) LATIN AMERICA AND THE CARIBBEAN (21 COUNTRIES): PUBLIC SOCIAL SPENDING BY TYPE, 1991-1992 TO 2009-2010 a (Percentages of GDP)
Source: Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean (ECLAC), social expenditure database.
a The figures above the bracket signs represent the increase in spending in percentage points between the periods 1991-1992 and 2009-2010.
achieving the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs).
demography, urbanization, disasters and citizen security.
development model based on a structural change for equality and environmental sustainability to close structural gaps.
– Increased labour productivity with decent employment and full access to labour rights – Educational opportunities that permit entry into the labour market, build greater civic awareness and informed political participation and contribute to better integration in society. – Equality, in particular, physical and economic autonomy, and empowerment for women – Environmental Sustainability with full internalization of externalities.
4. Minimum levels of well-being have risen: good-quality, rights-based universalist State policies: progress towards a higher level of civilization. 5. Policy and institutions matter: regulation, taxation, financing and governance of natural resources that give the right signals to the private sector , which has co-responsibility for the development we seek 6. Better measuring is required: + GDP, national accounts that reflect actual production costs 7. Global governance for sustainable development must be built: effective decision-making forums with the participation of society.
8. Build regional density and promote South-South cooperation to strengthen the instruments of social participation.