From CPO to Cooking Oil Introduction to Palm Oil Processing - - PDF document

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From CPO to Cooking Oil Introduction to Palm Oil Processing - - PDF document

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Intro to Palm Oil Processing From CPO to Cooking Oil Introduction to Palm Oil Processing Purwiyatno Hariyadi, PhD hariyadi@seafast.org Professor of Food Process Engineering Department of Food Science and Technology And Southeast Asian Food

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Intro to Palm Oil Processing

Purwiyatno Hariyadi; hariyadi@seafast.org 1

From CPO to Cooking Oil

Introduction to Palm Oil Processing

Purwiyatno Hariyadi, PhD

hariyadi@seafast.org

Intro to Palm Oil Processing - hariyadi@seafast.org

Professor of Food Process Engineering Department of Food Science and Technology And Southeast Asian Food & Agricultural Science & Technology (SEAFAST) center BOGOR AGRCIULTURAL UNIVERSITY BOGOR-INDONESIA

Introduction

Intro to Palm Oil Processing - hariyadi@seafast.org Introduction to Palm Oil Processing - h i di@ f

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SLIDE 2

Intro to Palm Oil Processing

Purwiyatno Hariyadi; hariyadi@seafast.org 2

Total crude palm oil and palm kernel oil production : 41.1 million metric tone

Introduction

Intro to Palm Oil Processing - hariyadi@seafast.org

1. Proven –long history of- safe uses for human consumption

Characteristic Unique of Palm Oil

2. Wide range of potential applications (cooking oil, shortening, margarine and other)

Intro to Palm Oil Processing - hariyadi@seafast.org

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SLIDE 3

Intro to Palm Oil Processing

Purwiyatno Hariyadi; hariyadi@seafast.org 3

2. Wide range of potential applications

Characteristic Unique of Palm Oil

Intro to Palm Oil Processing - hariyadi@seafast.org

3. Can be utilized as a good energy source

Characteristic Unique of Palm Oil

source. 4. No cholesterol and no trans fats

Intro to Palm Oil Processing - hariyadi@seafast.org

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SLIDE 4

Intro to Palm Oil Processing

Purwiyatno Hariyadi; hariyadi@seafast.org 4

Trans fats

Characteristic Unique of Palm Oil

Intro to Palm Oil Processing - hariyadi@seafast.org

Trans fats

Characteristic Unique of Palm Oil

Intro to Palm Oil Processing - hariyadi@seafast.org

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Intro to Palm Oil Processing

Purwiyatno Hariyadi; hariyadi@seafast.org 5

Trans fats

Characteristic Unique of Palm Oil

Required 01/01/06

Intro to Palm Oil Processing - hariyadi@seafast.org

Characteristic Unique of Palm Oil

Intro to Palm Oil Processing - hariyadi@seafast.org

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Intro to Palm Oil Processing

Purwiyatno Hariyadi; hariyadi@seafast.org 6

Characteristic Unique of Palm Oil

Intro to Palm Oil Processing - hariyadi@seafast.org

RPO

Characteristic Unique of Palm Oil

6. Rich in natural carotenoids

Intro to Palm Oil Processing - hariyadi@seafast.org

RBO Olein ~ 1000

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SLIDE 7

Intro to Palm Oil Processing

Purwiyatno Hariyadi; hariyadi@seafast.org 7

Characteristic Unique of Palm Oil

6. Rich in natural carotenoids

Intro to Palm Oil Processing - hariyadi@seafast.org

6. Rich in natural antioxidant (tocopherol and tocotrienol)

Characteristic Unique of Palm Oil

( p )

Intro to Palm Oil Processing - hariyadi@seafast.org

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Intro to Palm Oil Processing

Purwiyatno Hariyadi; hariyadi@seafast.org 8

Characteristic Unique of Palm Oil

PHYTOCHEMICALS in PALM OIL

Intro to Palm Oil Processing - hariyadi@seafast.org

Characteristic Unique of Palm Oil

PHYTOCHEMICALS in PALM OIL

Intro to Palm Oil Processing - hariyadi@seafast.org

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Intro to Palm Oil Processing

Purwiyatno Hariyadi; hariyadi@seafast.org 9

Characteristic Unique of Palm Oil

PHYTOCHEMICALS in PALM OIL

Intro to Palm Oil Processing - hariyadi@seafast.org

6. Rich in natural antioxidant (tocopherol and tocotrienol)

Characteristic Unique of Palm Oil

  • Decrease Tromboxan A-2 (TXA2)
  • Increase Prostaglandin I-2 (PGI2)
  • Decrease Cholesterol

( p )

Intro to Palm Oil Processing - hariyadi@seafast.org

Decrease Cholesterol

  • Decrease LDL-Cholesterol
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Intro to Palm Oil Processing

Purwiyatno Hariyadi; hariyadi@seafast.org 10

Characteristic Unique of Palm Oil

Intro to Palm Oil Processing - hariyadi@seafast.org

Characteristic Unique of Palm Oil

Intro to Palm Oil Processing - hariyadi@seafast.org

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Intro to Palm Oil Processing

Purwiyatno Hariyadi; hariyadi@seafast.org 11

Characteristic Unique of Palm Oil

Intro to Palm Oil Processing - hariyadi@seafast.org

Characteristic Unique of Palm Oil

Intro to Palm Oil Processing - hariyadi@seafast.org

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Intro to Palm Oil Processing

Purwiyatno Hariyadi; hariyadi@seafast.org 12

Characteristic Unique of Palm Oil

Intro to Palm Oil Processing - hariyadi@seafast.org

Characteristic Unique of Palm Oil

Intro to Palm Oil Processing - hariyadi@seafast.org

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Intro to Palm Oil Processing

Purwiyatno Hariyadi; hariyadi@seafast.org 13

Characteristic Unique of Palm Oil

Intro to Palm Oil Processing - hariyadi@seafast.org

7. Balance composition of fatty acids 8. Contain linoleic as essential fatty

Characteristic Unique of Palm Oil

acid

% of total Fatty acids Fatty Acid Range Average 12:0 0.1-1.0 0.2 14:0 0.9-1.5 1.1 16:0 41.8-46.8 44.0 16:1 0 1 0 3 0 1

Intro to Palm Oil Processing - hariyadi@seafast.org

16:1 0.1-0.3 0.1 18:0 4.2-5.1 4.5 18:1 37.3-40.8 39.2 18:2 9,1-11.0 10.1 18:3 0.0-0.6 0.4 20:0 0.2-0.7 0.4

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Intro to Palm Oil Processing

Purwiyatno Hariyadi; hariyadi@seafast.org 14

9. Produce 2 kind of oils. 1. Palm Oil 2 Palm Kernel Oil

Characteristic Unique of Palm Oil

2. Palm Kernel Oil

Intro to Palm Oil Processing - hariyadi@seafast.org

Characteristic Unique of Palm Oil

9. Produce 2 kind of oils.

Intro to Palm Oil Processing - hariyadi@seafast.org

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Intro to Palm Oil Processing

Purwiyatno Hariyadi; hariyadi@seafast.org 15

Characteristic Unique of Palm Oil

9. Produce 2 kind of oils.

Composition of PO Mesocarp. p p

Intro to Palm Oil Processing - hariyadi@seafast.org

Characteristic Unique of Palm Oil

9. Produce 2 kind of oils.

Intro to Palm Oil Processing - hariyadi@seafast.org

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Intro to Palm Oil Processing

Purwiyatno Hariyadi; hariyadi@seafast.org 16

  • 10. Researches show that palm oil has

positive health effect.

Characteristic Unique of Palm Oil

Intro to Palm Oil Processing - hariyadi@seafast.org

  • 10. Researches show that palm oil has

positive health effect.

Characteristic Unique of Palm Oil

Intro to Palm Oil Processing - hariyadi@seafast.org

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Intro to Palm Oil Processing

Purwiyatno Hariyadi; hariyadi@seafast.org 17

Palm Oil Processing Flow Chart

Harvesting

Intro to Palm Oil Processing - hariyadi@seafast.org

Palm Oil Processing Flow Chart

Fruit Bunch

Intro to Palm Oil Processing - hariyadi@seafast.org

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Intro to Palm Oil Processing

Purwiyatno Hariyadi; hariyadi@seafast.org 18

Palm Oil Processing Flow Chart

FFB Received At Mill

Intro to Palm Oil Processing - hariyadi@seafast.org

Palm Oil Processing Flow Chart

FFB Loaded Into Cages Ready for Sterilization

Intro to Palm Oil Processing - hariyadi@seafast.org

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Intro to Palm Oil Processing

Purwiyatno Hariyadi; hariyadi@seafast.org 19

Palm Oil Processing Flow Chart

Intro to Palm Oil Processing - hariyadi@seafast.org Introduction to Palm Oil Processing - h i di@ f

Palm Oil Processing Flow Chart

Intro to Palm Oil Processing - hariyadi@seafast.org Introduction to Palm Oil Processing - h i di@ f

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Intro to Palm Oil Processing

Purwiyatno Hariyadi; hariyadi@seafast.org 20

Palm Oil Processing Unit Operations

Sterilization

  • Placing sterilizer cages in horizontal vessels at steam

f 3 k /

2 (143oC) 60

i t pressure of 3 kg/cm2 (143oC); 60 minutes

  • Enzyme inactivation prevention of FFA increase
  • Facilitation of

mechanical stripping

  • Preparation of pericarp

Intro to Palm Oil Processing - hariyadi@seafast.org

for sub-sequential processing

  • Preconditioning of the

nuts to minimize kernel breakage

Introduction to Palm Oil Processing - h i di@ f

Palm Oil Processing Unit Operations

Stripping

S ti f t ili d f it f th b h t lk

  • Separation of sterilized fruits from the bunch stalks
  • Drum type :
  • Vigorous shaking
  • Beating

Intro to Palm Oil Processing - hariyadi@seafast.org Introduction to Palm Oil Processing - h i di@ f

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Intro to Palm Oil Processing

Purwiyatno Hariyadi; hariyadi@seafast.org 21

Palm Oil Processing Unit Operations

Digestion

R h ti th t ili d f it ( i i th f it t 95

  • Reheating the sterilized fruits (mixing the fruits at 95-

100oC, 20 minutes.

  • To loosen the pericarp from the nuts
  • To break the oil cell before passing to oil extraction

unit

Intro to Palm Oil Processing - hariyadi@seafast.org Introduction to Palm Oil Processing - h i di@ f

Palm Oil Processing Unit Operations

Oil Extraction

C ti i t d

  • Continuous screw pressing to produce :
  • Mixture of oil (~66%), water (~24%) and non-oily

solid (~10%).

  • Press cake, containing fibers and nuts

Intro to Palm Oil Processing - hariyadi@seafast.org Introduction to Palm Oil Processing - h i di@ f

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Intro to Palm Oil Processing

Purwiyatno Hariyadi; hariyadi@seafast.org 22

Clarification

Dil ti ith t t f ilit t ttli

Palm Oil Processing Unit Operations

  • Dilution with water – to facilitate settling
  • Screen – to remove fibrous material
  • Pump to settling tank – to obtain oil and sludge
  • “Top” oil is skimmed off centrifuge vacuum

dryer oil storage

Intro to Palm Oil Processing - hariyadi@seafast.org

  • Sludge (~ 10% oil) reclaimed and fed back to

main settling tank

Introduction to Palm Oil Processing - h i di@ f

Clarification

Palm Oil Processing Unit Operations

Intro to Palm Oil Processing - hariyadi@seafast.org

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Intro to Palm Oil Processing

Purwiyatno Hariyadi; hariyadi@seafast.org 23

Oil Storage

I t ll t d ith t i l t t i

Palm Oil Processing Unit Operations

  • Internally coated with epoxy material to prevent iron

pickup

  • Oil : water content 0.1 -0.12%; impurities < 0.02%.
  • Temperature controlled : Storage 32-40oC,

(loading/unloading : 50-55oC (heating rate 5oC per 24 hr)

Intro to Palm Oil Processing - hariyadi@seafast.org Introduction to Palm Oil Processing - h i di@ f

Palm Oil Processing Flow Chart

Intro to Palm Oil Processing - hariyadi@seafast.org

CPO

  • Color: Dark Red
  • Rich in Micronutrient:

(Carotenoids; Tocoferol; Tocotrienol; Fitosterol)

  • “Need to be refined”

Refining Process

Introduction to Palm Oil Processing - h i di@ f

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Intro to Palm Oil Processing

Purwiyatno Hariyadi; hariyadi@seafast.org 24

Palm Oil Processing Flow Chart CPO

  • Commonly consists of desirable triglycerides,

y g y , unsaponifiable matter together with small amount of impurities.

  • Impurities contribute undesirable effects to the oil,

for instance color, flavor, odor, instability and foaming.

  • Should be removed by a purification step in order to

Intro to Palm Oil Processing - hariyadi@seafast.org

  • Should be removed by a purification step in order to

produce good quality of refined oil with minimal possible oil loss or damage to the oil and desirable materials such as tocopherols and carotenes.

Oil T i l id Di l id M l id

Palm Oil Processing Flow Chart CPO

Oil Triglyceride, Diglyceride , Monoglyceride; Phospholipids, Glycolipid and Lipoprotein; Free fatty acids Oxidized Products Peroxides, Aldehydes, Ketones, Furfurals (from sugars) Non-oil (but oil soluble) Carotene, Tocopherols, Squalene, Sterols

Intro to Palm Oil Processing - hariyadi@seafast.org

Impurities Metal particles, Metal ions, Metal complexes Water Soluble Water (moisture), Glycerol, Chlorophyll pigments, Phenols, Sugars (soluble carbohydrates)

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Intro to Palm Oil Processing

Purwiyatno Hariyadi; hariyadi@seafast.org 25

Palm Oil Processing Flow Chart CPO Typical composition

Intro to Palm Oil Processing - hariyadi@seafast.org

CPO Palm Oil Processing Flow Chart

– further processing (refining process)

Physical Refining

Intro to Palm Oil Processing - hariyadi@seafast.org

Chemical Refining

Introduction to Palm Oil Processing - h i di@ f

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Intro to Palm Oil Processing

Purwiyatno Hariyadi; hariyadi@seafast.org 26

CPO Palm Oil Processing Flow Chart

– further processing (refining process)

Intro to Palm Oil Processing - hariyadi@seafast.org Introduction to Palm Oil Processing - h i di@ f

  • Crude oils contain complex organo-phosphorus compounds
  • Degumming of CPO

Palm Oil Refining Processing Unit Operations

  • Crude oils contain complex organo-phosphorus compounds

referred to as phospholipids (phosphatides) or more usually, as gums.

  • Phospholipids should be removed because of their strong

emulsifying action and if they are not removed, the oil will went through undue darkening during deodorization at high temperature Th h h li id ( h h tid ) d d i i

Intro to Palm Oil Processing - hariyadi@seafast.org

  • The phospholipids (phosphatides) are removed during processing

by a variety of treatments collectively referred to as degumming.

  • The treatment usually involves hydration with water,
  • rthophosphoric acid, and polybasic organic acids either singly or

in combination, followed by centrifuging the precipitated material

  • r by its adsorption on bleaching earth or filter.

Introduction to Palm Oil Processing - h i di@ f

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Intro to Palm Oil Processing

Purwiyatno Hariyadi; hariyadi@seafast.org 27

  • Degumming of CPO

Palm Oil Refining Processing Unit Operations

X

Intro to Palm Oil Processing - hariyadi@seafast.org

X = choline (phosphatidyl choline or PC) X = ethanolamine (phosphatidylethanolamine or PE) X = inositol (phosphatidylinositol or PI) X = hydrogen (phosphatidyl acid or PA)

  • Degumming of CPO

Palm Oil Refining Processing Unit Operations

Intro to Palm Oil Processing - hariyadi@seafast.org

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Intro to Palm Oil Processing

Purwiyatno Hariyadi; hariyadi@seafast.org 28

  • Degumming of CPO

Palm Oil Refining Processing Unit Operations

Intro to Palm Oil Processing - hariyadi@seafast.org

  • Degumming of CPO

Palm Oil Refining Processing Unit Operations

Intro to Palm Oil Processing - hariyadi@seafast.org

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Intro to Palm Oil Processing

Purwiyatno Hariyadi; hariyadi@seafast.org 29

  • Bleaching of CPO

Palm Oil Refining Processing Unit Operations

  • Treatment that is given to remove color producing substances and to further

purify the fat or oil.

  • The usual method of bleaching is by adsorption of the color producing

substances on an adsorbent material.

  • There a lot of adsorbent materials are being used in vegetable oil industry

for examples; acid activated bleaching earth, natural bleaching earth, activated carbon and synthetic silicates.

  • Acid activated bleaching earth (fuller’s earth) or clay, sometimes called

b t it i th d b t t i l th t h b d t t i l

Intro to Palm Oil Processing - hariyadi@seafast.org

bentonite, is the adsorbent material that has been used most extensively.

  • This substance consists primarily of hydrated aluminum silicate. Usually,

bleaching earth does not remove all the color producing materials, much of which are actually removed by thermal destruction during the deodorization process.

  • Activated carbon is also used as a bleaching adsorbent to a limited extent.

D d i ti i t di till ti f

Palm Oil Refining Processing Unit Operations

  • Deodorization of CPO
  • Deodorization is a vacuum steam distillation process for

the purpose of removing undesirable flavors and odors, mostly arising from oxidation, in fats and oils.

  • Using steam under reduced pressure the volatile

compounds are removed from fats and oils.

  • Typical conditions approximate 250oC at 2.0 mm absolute

Intro to Palm Oil Processing - hariyadi@seafast.org

yp pp pressure for 1-4 hr with strong steam sparging.

  • The deodorization utilizes the differences in volatility

between off-flavor and off-odor substances and the triglycerides.

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Intro to Palm Oil Processing

Purwiyatno Hariyadi; hariyadi@seafast.org 30

Typical deodorization conditions

Palm Oil Refining Processing Unit Operations

  • Deodorization of CPO

Typical deodorization conditions

Intro to Palm Oil Processing - hariyadi@seafast.org

Palm Oil Refining Processing Unit Operations

  • Deodorizations

Intro to Palm Oil Processing - hariyadi@seafast.org

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Intro to Palm Oil Processing

Purwiyatno Hariyadi; hariyadi@seafast.org 31

  • A. Physical Refining

Palm Oil Refining Processing Unit Operations

Intro to Palm Oil Processing - hariyadi@seafast.org

  • Degumming and pre-bleaching of CPO

Add concentrated (80 85%) phosphoric acid (dose at 0 05

  • A. Physical Refining

Palm Oil Refining Processing Unit Operations

  • Add concentrated (80-85%) phosphoric acid (dose at 0.05-

0.2% of fed oil), 13-30 minutes

  • Precipitate nonhydratable phosphatides
  • Adsorptive cleansing with bleaching clay (add as slurry 0.8 –

2%); under vacuum 20-25 mmHg; 95-110oC, 30-45 min).

  • Adsorb impurities (trace metal, moisture, insoluble, and part of the

t id d th i t

Intro to Palm Oil Processing - hariyadi@seafast.org

carotenoids and other pigments

  • Adsorb/reduce oxidation products
  • Adsorb phospholipids precipitated by phosphoric acids
  • Remove any excess phosphoric acids
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Intro to Palm Oil Processing

Purwiyatno Hariyadi; hariyadi@seafast.org 32

  • Deacidification & Deodorizations
  • A. Physical Refining

Palm Oil Refining Processing Unit Operations

  • Oil is deaerated heating 240-270oC (using external HE)

pumped into deodorizer (2-5 mmHg).

  • Remove FFA (incl volatile odoriferous, oxidation products

(aldehyde and ketone).

  • Thermally compose carotenoids

P d d li ht l d bl d RBDPO

Intro to Palm Oil Processing - hariyadi@seafast.org

  • Produced light-colored, bland RBDPO
  • Deacidification & Deodorizations
  • A. Physical Refining

100

Palm Oil Refining Processing Unit Operations

ual Carotene (%)

100 80 60 40

Intro to Palm Oil Processing - hariyadi@seafast.org

Residu

40 20

180oC (356oF) 200oC (392oF) 240oC (464oF) 20 40 60 Minutes

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Intro to Palm Oil Processing

Purwiyatno Hariyadi; hariyadi@seafast.org 33

  • Desirable Quality of pretreated and RBDPO
  • A. Physical Refining

Palm Oil Refining Processing Unit Operations

FFA (as C16:0; %) Peroxide value (mEq/kg) Moisture and Impurities (wt, %), max I ( /k ) Same as Crude feed 0.1 0 12 0.10%, max 0.1 0 12 Parameter Pretreated PO (Degummed/Bleached) RBDPO

Intro to Palm Oil Processing - hariyadi@seafast.org

Iron (mg/kg), max Copper (mg/kg), max Phosphorus, (mg/kg), max 0.12 0.05 4 0.12 0.05 4

  • Desirable Quality of pretreated and RBDPO
  • A. Chemical Refining

Palm Oil Refining Processing Unit Operations

Intro to Palm Oil Processing - hariyadi@seafast.org

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Intro to Palm Oil Processing

Purwiyatno Hariyadi; hariyadi@seafast.org 34

  • Alkali Refining
  • Heating CPO to 80-90oC
  • A. Chemical Refining

Palm Oil Refining Processing Unit Operations

Heating CPO to 80 90 C

  • Dose concentrated (80-85%) phosphoric acid at 0.05-0.2% (of fed oil)
  • Add caustic soda solution (4N = 20Be) with calculated excess of ~20%
  • Soap removal by centrifugation
  • Lighter phase (oil with 500-1000 mg soap/kg oil; moisture)

Neutralized Palm Oil (NPO)

  • Heavier phase (soap, insoluble impurities, gum, phosphatides,

Intro to Palm Oil Processing - hariyadi@seafast.org

p ( p p g p p excess alkali, and loss oil/emulsion).

  • Washing NPO with 10-20% hot water centrifugation
  • Washed oil is dried under vacuum to a moisture level < 0.05%.
  • Bleaching
  • NPO is bleached (similar process as that of physical refining)
  • A. Chemical Refining

Palm Oil Refining Processing Unit Operations

NPO is bleached (similar process as that of physical refining)

  • Adsorptive cleansing with bleaching clay (add as slurry 0.8 – 2%); under

vacuum 20-25 mmHg; 95-110oC, 30-45 min). Adsorb impurities (trace metal, moisture, insoluble's, and part of the carotenoids and other pigments Adsorb/reduce oxidation products Adsorb phospholipids precipitated by phosphoric acids

Intro to Palm Oil Processing - hariyadi@seafast.org

Remove any excess phosphoric acids

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Intro to Palm Oil Processing

Purwiyatno Hariyadi; hariyadi@seafast.org 35

  • Deodorization
  • NBPO is deodorized (similar process as that of physical refining)
  • A. Chemical Refining

Palm Oil Refining Processing Unit Operations

NBPO is deodorized (similar process as that of physical refining)

  • Oil is deaerated heating 240-270oC (using external HE) pumped

into deodorizer (2-5 mmHg).

  • Remove FFA (incl volatile odoriferous, oxidation products (aldehyde and

ketone).

  • Thermally compose carotenoids
  • Produced light-colored, bland NBDPO

Intro to Palm Oil Processing - hariyadi@seafast.org

  • RF (refining factor) :

RF = % total Oil Loss/% FFA in the Oil 1.5 – 2.0

  • Desirable Quality of pretreated and NBDPO
  • A. Chemical Refining

Palm Oil Refining Processing Unit Operations

FFA (as C16:0; %) Peroxide value (mEq/kg) Moisture and Impurities (wt, %), max I ( /k ) 0.10%, max 0.1 0 12 Parameter NBD-PO 0.15%, max 0.1 0 15 NB-PO 0.15%, max

  • 0.1

N-PO

Intro to Palm Oil Processing - hariyadi@seafast.org

Iron (mg/kg), max Copper (mg/kg), max Phosphorus, (mg/kg), max Soap Content (mg/kg) 0.12 0.05 4 0.15 0.06 4

  • 20

hariyadi@seafast.org

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SLIDE 36

Intro to Palm Oil Processing

Purwiyatno Hariyadi; hariyadi@seafast.org 36

CPO Palm Oil Processing Flow Chart

– further processing (refining process)

Intro to Palm Oil Processing - hariyadi@seafast.org

Palm Oil Processing Flow Chart

– further processing (refining process) & fractionation

Intro to Palm Oil Processing - hariyadi@seafast.org Intro to Palm Oil Processing - hariyadi@seafast.org

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Intro to Palm Oil Processing

Purwiyatno Hariyadi; hariyadi@seafast.org 37

Palm Oil Processing Flow Chart

– further processing (refining process) & fractionation

Intro to Palm Oil Processing - hariyadi@seafast.org Intro to Palm Oil Processing - hariyadi@seafast.org

Palm Oil Processing Fractionation

1 CPO 2.CP Olein

  • 3. CP Stearin

4 RBO Olein

Intro to Palm Oil Processing - hariyadi@seafast.org

  • 4. RBO Olein
  • 5. RBD Stearin
  • 6. RBD PO
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SLIDE 38

Intro to Palm Oil Processing

Purwiyatno Hariyadi; hariyadi@seafast.org 38

Palm Oil Processing Fractionation

T i l l l /t i l id (TAG) f PO i t

  • Triacylglycerols/triglyceride (TAG) of PO consist
  • f combination of FAs
  • 3 commercial methods of fractionations
  • Dry fractionation

Intro to Palm Oil Processing - hariyadi@seafast.org

  • Detergent fractionation
  • Solvent fractionation
  • To separate olein (low-

lti li id h )

Palm Oil Processing Fractionation

Olein melting liquid phase) and stearin (high- melting solid phase) fraction

  • Olein usually used for

ki il

Intro to Palm Oil Processing - hariyadi@seafast.org

Stearin cooking oil

  • Stearin usually for

margarine and industrial frying

RBDPO

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SLIDE 39

Intro to Palm Oil Processing

Purwiyatno Hariyadi; hariyadi@seafast.org 39

Palm Oil Processing Fractionation

  • Dry fractionation
  • Dry fractionation
  • Oil is kept homogenized at 70oC
  • Cooled at specific cooling program; up

to 20oC (depend on quality requirement) Filt ti (filt b filt )

Intro to Palm Oil Processing - hariyadi@seafast.org

  • Filtration (filter press; membrane filter)
  • About 65-75% olein + 25-35% stearin

Palm Oil Processing Fractionation

  • Dry fractionation
  • Dry fractionation

Intro to Palm Oil Processing - hariyadi@seafast.org

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SLIDE 40

Intro to Palm Oil Processing

Purwiyatno Hariyadi; hariyadi@seafast.org 40

Palm Oil Processing Fractionation

  • Detergent fractionation
  • Usually done on CPO
  • Hot oil is cooled up to –usually about 20oC)
  • Add and mix with aqueous detergent solution

(0.5% sodium lauryl sulfate/SDS)

  • Stearin crystals are wetted with SDS go to

Intro to Palm Oil Processing - hariyadi@seafast.org

y g aqueous phase

  • Centrifugation olein is washed with hot

water vacuum dried

  • Yield ~ 80% olein

Palm Oil Processing Fractionation

  • Solvent fractionation
  • Most expensive, need lower temp; more

safety feature

  • Hexane and acetone
  • Oil is dissolved in the solvent cooled

filtration

Intro to Palm Oil Processing - hariyadi@seafast.org

  • Yield ~ 80% Olein
  • Viable in production of high value products

PMF cocoa butter equivalent

slide-41
SLIDE 41

Intro to Palm Oil Processing

Purwiyatno Hariyadi; hariyadi@seafast.org 41

Palm Oil (100%) 1st Fractionation

Palm Oil Processing Fractionation

Olein Fraction 65-75 -80% Stearine Fraction 10-35% 2nd Fractionation

Intro to Palm Oil Processing - hariyadi@seafast.org

2 Fractionation 2nd Olein Fraction (Super Olein) 55-65% Palm oil Midfraction 25-30%

Acetone:oil=4:1 Crystallize at ~ 0oC

1st Fractionation

Palm Oil Processing Fractionation

PALM OIL LOW MELTING FRACTION

Yield >60% M.Pt. <15oC 16:0 ~35% IV > 65

Reheat to 40oC

add more acetone (acetone:oil=4:1)

Crystallize at 20-24oC

2nd Fractionation

Intro to Palm Oil Processing - hariyadi@seafast.org

HIGH MELTING FRACTION

Yield >10% M.Pt. 55-60oC 16:0 ~80% IV > 10

PALM MIDFRACTION

Yield 25-30% M.Pt. 30-35oC 16:0 ~60% IV > 32-36 POP = 56% POS = 10% SOS = 1%

slide-42
SLIDE 42

Intro to Palm Oil Processing

Purwiyatno Hariyadi; hariyadi@seafast.org 42

Acetone:oil=4:1 Crystallize at ~ 0oC

1st Fractionation

Palm Oil Processing Fractionation

PALM OIL LOW MELTING FRACTION

Yield >60% M.Pt. <15oC 16:0 ~35% IV > 65

Reheat to 40oC

add more acetone (acetone:oil=4:1)

Crystallize at 20-24oC

2nd Fractionation

Intro to Palm Oil Processing - hariyadi@seafast.org

HIGH MELTING FRACTION

Yield >10% M.Pt. 55-60oC 16:0 ~80% IV > 10

PALM MIDFRACTION

Yield 25-30% M.Pt. 30-35oC 16:0 ~60% IV > 32-36 POP = 56% POS = 10% SOS = 1%

Palm Oil Processing Fractionation

Intro to Palm Oil Processing - hariyadi@seafast.org

slide-43
SLIDE 43

Intro to Palm Oil Processing

Purwiyatno Hariyadi; hariyadi@seafast.org 43

Palm Oil Refining Processing Processing Aids

Intro to Palm Oil Processing - hariyadi@seafast.org

Thank You ...

Resources/References :

  • APOC (http://www americanpalmoil com/)
  • APOC (http://www.americanpalmoil.com/)
  • Palm Oil World (http://www.palmoilworld.org/)
  • PPKS (iopri.org/)
  • MPOB (www.mpob.gov.my/)
  • Info Sawit (http://www.infosawit.com/)
  • Hariyadi, P. Editors. 2000. Antisipasi Penerapan Trade Barrier oleh

Negara Maju terhadap Produk Kelapa Sawit. Prosiding. Masyarakat Perkelepasawitan Indonesia.

Intro to Palm Oil Processing - hariyadi@seafast.org

Perkelepasawitan Indonesia.

  • Hariyadi, P. Andarwulan, N, Nuraida, L., Guritno, P., Sugiyono,

Elisabeth, J., and Toruan-Mathius, N. 2007. Rencana Induk Kegiatan Riset Unggulan Strategis Nasional Pengembangan Industri Kelapa

  • Sawit. Kementerian Negara Riset dan Teknologi, Masyarakat

Perkelapasawitan Indonesia (MAKSI) dam Institut Pertanian Bogor.