1 Software De fj ned Cooking (SDC) using a microwave oven Haojian - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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1 Software De fj ned Cooking (SDC) using a microwave oven Haojian - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Feb 16, 2024 96 likes •918 views

1 Software De fj ned Cooking (SDC) using a microwave oven Haojian Jin Jingxian Wang Swarun Kumar Jason Hong 2 Cooking is the application of heat to ingredients to Cooking is the application of heat to ingredients to transform them via chemical

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Software Defjned Cooking (SDC) using a microwave oven

Haojian Jin Jingxian Wang Swarun Kumar Jason Hong

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Cooking is the application of heat to ingredients to

transform them via chemical and physical reactions

Cooking is the application of heat to ingredients to

transform them via chemical and physical reactions

Jeff Potter. Cooking for Geeks: Real Science, Great Hacks, and Good Food.

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Cooking is the application of heat to ingredients to

transform them via chemical and physical reactions

Jeff Potter. Cooking for Geeks: Real Science, Great Hacks, and Good Food.

SDC = programmable heating

heat the food in a software-defjned thermal trajectory (recipe).

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https://www.huffpost.com/entry/bacon-mistakes-how-to-cook_n_3111706

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  • vercooking the fat,

without burning the meat.

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Cooked = Temperature x Time x Space

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Software-defjned Cooking Recipe

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time temperature Preheat Denature myosin Kill bacteria Denature actin Burn fat

50°C 55°C 65.5°C 163°C

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Software-defjned Cooking Recipe

Cooked = Temperature x Time x Space

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time temperature Preheat Denature myosin Kill bacteria Denature actin Burn fat

50°C 55°C 65.5°C 163°C

a fat pixel

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Software-defjned Cooking Recipe

Cooked = Temperature x Time x Space

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Software-defjned Cooking Recipe

Cooked = Temperature x Time x Space

time temperature Preheat Denature myosin Kill bacteria Denature actin Burn fat

50°C 55°C 65.5°C 163°C

a fat pixel a meat pixel

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SDC (software-defjned cooking): a novel low-cost closed-loop system that can sense and control heating at a fjne-grained resolution.

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SDC (software-defjned cooking): a novel low-cost closed-loop system that can sense and control heating at a fjne-grained resolution.

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We have a demo booth!

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Spoiler alert

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high heat

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Spoiler alert

high heat

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Spoiler alert

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third most popular domestic heating method (after baking and grilling)

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reheating leftovers uneven & unpredictable heating

Today’s Microwave: a blunt heating device

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Microwave can only heat food blindly

Don’t know how much heat each food pixel has absorbed. Have no way to actuate heating

  • n a specifjc food pixel.

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Sensing Actuation

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A closed-loop system to heat smartly

Don’t know how much heat each food pixel has absorbed. Have no way to actuate heating

  • n a specifjc food pixel.

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Sensing Actuation

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A closed-loop system to heat smartly

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Sensing Actuation

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A closed-loop system to heat smartly

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Heat Sensing

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Most electronics & batteries are not microwave-safe.

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Sensing related work (1)

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Microwave Synthesis Workstation 8 temperature sensors $ 86,000+

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Sensing related work (2)

Specialized microwave-safe sensors are delicate and expensive.

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Neon lights

Electrodes Glass Low-pressure Neon gas mixture

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Low-cost, wireless, battery-free, microwave-safe, glow in strong EM

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Programming EM sensitivity

dark glow -> brighter EM fjeld strength burned

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Programming EM sensitivity

dark glow -> brighter EM fjeld strength burned cannot measure any EM fjeld cannot measure any EM fjeld can measure the EM fjeld

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Wires as the antenna for energy harvesting

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Glowing principles => Paper

Programming EM sensitivity

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dark glow -> brighter burned dark glow -> brighter burned dark glow -> brighter EM fjeld strength burned 0 mm 7.5 mm 15 mm

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Programming EM sensitivity

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dark glow -> brighter burned dark glow -> brighter burned dark glow -> brighter EM fjeld strength burned 0 mm 7.5 mm 15 mm

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Programming EM sensitivity

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Placement of Neon Lights

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turntable with 32 neon lights cover with 32 neon lights 3cm

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non-line-of-sight neon light signals

Optical fjbers

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A web cam

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A thermal cam

Sensors

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A web cam

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A thermal cam

Sensors Raw data 3D EM fjeld raw temperature

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Temperature P Gradient P’

A web cam

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A thermal cam

Sensors Raw data Output 3D EM fjeld raw temperature

extended kalman fjlter

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Heat Actuation

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turn table for blind rotation

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Actuation related work

non-uniform and unpredicatable

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A closed-loop turntable

Desired heat patterns from software-defjned recipes Current temperature distribution from Sensors

at time t

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Desired heat patterns Current temperature distribution

at time t

Heating gap

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A closed-loop turntable

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Desired heat patterns from Software-defjned recipe Current temperature distribution ℗

at time t

Heating gap Realtime heating power (P’) temperature gradient

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A closed-loop turntable

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Desired heat patterns from Software-defjned recipe Current temperature distribution ℗

at time t

Heating gap temperature gradient Adjust rotation plan

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A closed-loop turntable

Realtime heating power (P’)

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Microwave cannot heat individual pixels independently.

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Heating patterns from 3D standing waves

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Determining the rotation plan

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Realtime heating power (P’)

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Determining the rotation plan

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Heating gap Realtime heating power (P’)

=

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Determining the rotation plan

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Heating gap Realtime heating power (P’)

=

a knapsack problem Optimization details => Paper

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Spoiler alert

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Spoiler alert

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Microwave accessories

Details => Paper

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patterned microwave susceptor ensure coverage through SDC

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Evaluation

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Evaluation apparatus

thermal-chromatic pigment + rice reusable turn pink if p > 31°C

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The room temperature is at 20°C.

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Uniform heating

heat the rice in a plate uniformly to 60°C in 2 minutes. Baselines: microwave oven w/o turntable

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Uniform Heating

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time

hot spots cold spots

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Uniform Heating

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cold spots

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Uniform Heating

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Uniform Heating

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Uniform heating

improve the thermal heating uniformity by 633% compared to microwaves with a blind turntable. More quantitative results => Paper

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Arbitrary Heating

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50°C 500°C

with a microwave susceptor ring

Arbitrary heating

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App: Cooking bacon

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Heated meat and fat will shrink.

App: Cooking bacon

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More apps => Paper

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App: Cooking bacon

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1. SDC cooking is slower. 2. Some heating patterns might be infeasible. 3. Not sure if it’s more delicious. :-)

Limitations

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1. 6 DoF turntable 2. Higher frequency microwave + beamforming 3. Replacing neon lights with rectifjers

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Future work

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Software Defjned Cooking using a microwave oven

Haojian Jin, Jingxian Wang, Swarun Kumar, Jason Hong, Carnegie Mellon University

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Why Microwave?

Radiation is most programmable because electromagnetic wave is refmective and stackable.

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Place thermal camera outside

  • 1. limited resolution (both spatial

and temporal)

  • 2. only measure the effect of

heating after-the-fact

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Existing solutions Why not thermal camera?

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Challenges: heat food blindly Sensing

  • 1. limited resolution (both spatial

and temporal)

  • 2. only measure the effect of

heating after-the-fact

Actuation

  • 3. blind rotation.
  • 4. limited degree of freedom.

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Cooking is the application of heat to ingredients to

transform them via chemical and physical reactions

Jeff Potter. Cooking for Geeks: Real Science, Great Hacks, and Good Food.

that improve fmavor, reduce chances of food borne illness, and increase nutritional value. leave this space for professional chefs.

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knapsack problem Stochastic

The heat pattern is non-static and unpredictable.

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Many factors can impact heat patterns. e.g., size, temperature, texture, material types

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Solving the Optimization (3) A greedy approximation algorithm

At each step of the journey, heat at the rotation angle whose temperature gradient is most similar to the current heating gap. Greedy strategy:

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Cooking is the application of heat to ingredients to

transform them via chemical and physical reactions

Jeff Potter. Cooking for Geeks: Real Science, Great Hacks, and Good Food.

that improve fmavor, reduce chances of food borne illness, and increase nutritional value.

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Cooked = Temperature x Time

  • nsen tamago/hot spring eggs/63°C eggs

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Cooked = Temperature x Time

  • nsen tamago/hot spring eggs/63°C eggs

set the temperature to 145°F (63°C) and let the eggs cook for anywhere from 45-90 minutes.

Aki Kamozawa and Alex Talbot Ideas in Food: Great Recipes and Why They Work: A Cookbook

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The process of protein denature is a function of the temperature & time.

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Temperatures of common reactions in food

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A microwave oven converts a large electrical input (≈1000W) into microwave energy (2.45 GHz) and heats food using microwave radiation.

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dielectric heating

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kp33ZprO0Ck

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https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kp33ZprO0Ck

standing wave

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3D standing wave Unpredictable cold/hot spots Infmuenced by the content (shape, surface, temperature, etc.)

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Microwave is dangerous

sharp-edged metals (e.g., forks, most sensors, motors) Microwave-safe plastic Eggs ….

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