Microwave Ovens Microwave Ovens They often cook foods unevenly - - PDF document

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Microwave Ovens Microwave Ovens They often cook foods unevenly - - PDF document

Microwave Ovens 1 Microwave Ovens 2 Observations About Microwaves Observations About Microwaves Microwave ovens cook food from inside out Microwave ovens cook food from inside out Microwave Ovens Microwave Ovens They often cook foods


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SLIDE 1

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Microwave Ovens 1

Microwave Ovens Microwave Ovens

Microwave Ovens 2

Observations About Microwaves Observations About Microwaves

Microwave ovens cook food from inside out

Microwave ovens cook food from inside out

They often cook foods unevenly

They often cook foods unevenly

They don’t defrost foods well

They don’t defrost foods well

You shouldn’t put metal inside them?!

You shouldn’t put metal inside them?!

Do they make food radioactive or toxic?

Do they make food radioactive or toxic?

Microwave Ovens 3

3 Questions about 3 Questions about Microwave Ovens Microwave Ovens

Why do microwaves cook food?

Why do microwaves cook food?

How does metal respond to microwaves?

How does metal respond to microwaves?

How does the oven create its microwaves?

How does the oven create its microwaves?

Microwave Ovens 4

Question 1 Question 1

Why do microwaves cook food?

Why do microwaves cook food?

Microwave Ovens 5

Electromagnetic Spectrum Electromagnetic Spectrum

  • Microwaves are a class of electromagnetic waves

Microwaves are a class of electromagnetic waves

Long

Long-

  • wavelength EM waves: Radio & Microwave

wavelength EM waves: Radio & Microwave

Medium

Medium-

  • wavelength: IR, Visible, UV light

wavelength: IR, Visible, UV light

Sh rt

Sh rt l n th X l n th X r & G mm r & G mm r

Short

Short-wavelength: X wavelength: X-rays & Gamma rays & Gamma-

  • rays

rays

Microwave Ovens 6

Water Molecules Water Molecules

Water molecules are

Water molecules are unusually polar unusually polar

An electric field orients

An electric field orients water molec les water molec les water molecules water molecules

A fluctuating electric field

A fluctuating electric field causes water molecules to causes water molecules to fluctuate in orientation fluctuate in orientation

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SLIDE 2

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Microwave Ovens 7

Microwave Heating Microwave Heating

Microwaves have alternating electric fields

Microwaves have alternating electric fields

Water molecules orient back and forth

Water molecules orient back and forth

Liquid water heats due to molecular “friction”

Liquid water heats due to molecular “friction”

Ice doesn’t heat due to

Ice doesn’t heat due to orientational

  • rientational stiffness

stiffness

Steam doesn’t heat due to lack of “friction”

Steam doesn’t heat due to lack of “friction”

Food’s liquid water content heats the food

Food’s liquid water content heats the food

Microwave Ovens 8

Interference Interference

Identical waves that overlap can interfere

Identical waves that overlap can interfere

Interference is when the fields add or cancel

Interference is when the fields add or cancel

Adding fields are constructive interference

Adding fields are constructive interference C li fi ld d i i f C li fi ld d i i f

Canceling fields are destructive interference

Canceling fields are destructive interference

Reflections lead to interference in a microwave

Reflections lead to interference in a microwave

Interference causes uneven cooking

Interference causes uneven cooking

Most ovens “stir” the waves or move the food

Most ovens “stir” the waves or move the food

Microwave Ovens 9

Question 2 Question 2

How does metal respond to microwaves?

How does metal respond to microwaves?

Microwave Ovens 10

Effects of Microwaves Effects of Microwaves

Non

Non-

  • Conductors: Polarization

Conductors: Polarization

Mobile polar molecules orient and heat

Mobile polar molecules orient and heat

Immobile polar molecules do nothing much

Immobile polar molecules do nothing much

N n

N n p l r m l l d n thin m h p l r m l l d n thin m h

Non

Non-polar molecules do nothing much polar molecules do nothing much

Conductors: Current flow

Conductors: Current flow

Good, thick conductors reflect microwaves

Good, thick conductors reflect microwaves

Poor conductors experience resistive heating

Poor conductors experience resistive heating

Thin conductors experience resistive heating

Thin conductors experience resistive heating

Sharp conductors initiate discharges in the air

Sharp conductors initiate discharges in the air

Microwave Ovens 11

Question 3 Question 3

How does the oven create its microwaves?

How does the oven create its microwaves?

Microwave Ovens 12

Generating Microwaves Generating Microwaves

Magnetron tube has tank circuits in it

Magnetron tube has tank circuits in it

Streams of electrons amplify tank oscillations

Streams of electrons amplify tank oscillations

A loop of wire extracts energy from tanks

A loop of wire extracts energy from tanks

A short ¼

A short ¼-

  • wave antenna emits the microwaves

wave antenna emits the microwaves

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SLIDE 3

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Microwave Ovens 13

Summary about Summary about Microwave Ovens Microwave Ovens

They cook food because of its water content

They cook food because of its water content

Polar water molecules heat in microwave fields

Polar water molecules heat in microwave fields

Thin or sharp metals overheat or spark

Thin or sharp metals overheat or spark

The microwaves are produced by a magnetrons

The microwaves are produced by a magnetrons