Feather-Yuba River Interactions and Management Implications Yuba Accord River Management Team 5 th Annual Symposium June 12, 2013
C ALIFORNIA ’ S C ENTRAL V ALLEY Data Deficient Historic and Current Available Habitat Extinct Low Risk Historic Moderate Risk Current Not an Independent Population 2,183 1,126 stream stream miles miles Source: NMFS 2009 2 Feather-Yuba Interactions Source: Lindley et al. 2007
L OWER Y UBA R IVER Daguerre Point Dam and the Goldfields 3 Feather-Yuba Interactions
C HINOOK S ALMON P ASSING D AGUERRE P OINT D AM Vaki Counts 2004-2010 Fixed Date Approach 4 Feather-Yuba Interactions
C HINOOK S ALMON P ASSING D AGUERRE P OINT D AM Vaki Counts 2011 7/14 5 Feather-Yuba Interactions
C HINOOK S ALMON Spring- and Fall-run Differentiation Variable Date Approach 2004-2005 600 8/1/04 2004 Chinook Salmon Passing Daguerre Point 500 Dam Chinook salmon = 5,927 fish Spring-run Chinook Salmon Predicted 400 Logistic No. of Fish Fall-run Chinook Salmon Predicted 300 Logistic 200 100 0 3/1 4/1 5/1 6/1 7/1 8/1 9/1 10/1 11/1 12/1 1/1 2/1 3/1 Date 400 8/24/05 2005 Chinook Salmon 350 Passing Daguerre Point Chinook salmon = 11,374 fish Dam 300 Spring-run Chinook Salmon Predicted 250 No. of Fish Logistic Fall-run Chinook 200 Salmon Predicted Logistic 150 100 50 0 3/1 4/1 5/1 6/1 7/1 8/1 9/1 10/1 11/1 12/1 1/1 2/1 3/1 Date 6 Feather-Yuba Interactions
C HINOOK S ALMON Spring- and Fall-run Differentiation Variable Date Approach 2006-2007 9/6/06 250 2006 Chinook Salmon Passing Daguerre Point Chinook salmon = 5,203 fish Dam 200 Spring-run Chinook Salmon Predicted No. of Fish Logistic 150 Fall-run Chinook Salmon Predicted Logistic 100 50 0 3/1 4/1 5/1 6/1 7/1 8/1 9/1 10/1 11/1 12/1 1/1 2/1 3/1 Date 9/4/07 60 2007 Chinook Salmon Passing Daguerre Chinook salmon = 1,394 fish Point Dam 50 Spring-run Chinook Salmon Predicted 40 No. of Fish Logistic Fall-run Chinook 30 Salmon Predicted Logistic 20 10 0 3/1 4/1 5/1 6/1 7/1 8/1 9/1 10/1 11/1 12/1 1/1 2/1 Date 7 Feather-Yuba Interactions
C HINOOK S ALMON Spring- and Fall-run Differentiation Variable Date Approach 2008-2009 160 8/10/08 2008 Chinook Salmon Passing Daguerre 140 Point Dam Chinook salmon = 2,533 fish 120 Spring-run Chinook Salmon Predicted No. of Fish 100 Logistic Fall-run Chinook 80 Salmon Predicted Logistic 60 40 20 0 3/1 4/1 5/1 6/1 7/1 8/1 9/1 10/1 11/1 12/1 1/1 2/1 3/1 Date 350 7/9/09 2009 Chinook Salmon Passing Daguerre 300 Point Dam Chinook salmon = 5,378 fish Spring-run Chinook 250 Salmon Predicted No. of Fish Logistic 200 Fall-run Chinook Salmon Predicted 150 Logistic 100 50 0 3/1 4/1 5/1 6/1 7/1 8/1 9/1 10/1 11/1 12/1 1/1 2/1 3/1 Date 8 Feather-Yuba Interactions
C HINOOK S ALMON Spring- and Fall-run Differentiation Variable Date Approach 2010-2011 600 7/6/10 2010 Chinook Salmon Passing Daguerre 500 Chinook salmon = 6,469 fish Point Dam Spring-run Chinook 400 Salmon Predicted Logistic No. of Fish Fall-run Chinook 300 Salmon Predicted Logistic 200 100 0 3/1 4/1 5/1 6/1 7/1 8/1 9/1 10/1 11/1 12/1 1/1 2/1 3/1 Date 600 9/7/11 2011 Chinook Salmon Passing Daguerre 500 Point Dam Chinook salmon = 7,785 fish Spring-run Chinook 400 Salmon Predicted Logistic No. of Fish Fall-run Chinook 300 Salmon Predicted Logistic 200 100 0 3/1 4/1 5/1 6/1 7/1 8/1 9/1 10/1 11/1 12/1 1/1 2/1 Date 9 Feather-Yuba Interactions
S PRING - RUN C HINOOK S ALMON Feather River Wild Population Hatchery Because there is no hatchery on the Yuba River, the population is composed of wild fish ? DWR and CDFW 2009 10 Feather-Yuba Interactions
S PRING - RUN C HINOOK S ALMON Wild Population Determination of adipose fin clips Digital photography Videography 11 Feather-Yuba Interactions
S PRING - RUN C HINOOK S ALMON Wild Population Chinook Salmon Passage Upstream of Daguerre Point Dam Demarcation Year All Chinook Spring-run Chinook Salmon Date % Ad-Clipped Salmon Total Ad-Clipped Not Ad-Clipped 10 2004 8/1/04 5,927 738 72 666 19 2005 8/24/05 11,374 3,592 676 2,916 6 2006 9/6/06 5,203 1,326 81 1,245 10 2007 9/4/07 1,394 372 38 334 3 2008 8/10/08 2,533 521 15 506 29 2009 7/9/09 5,378 723 213 510 61 2010 7/6/10 6,469 2,886 1,774 1,112 28 2011 9/7/11 7,785 1,159 323 836 Spring-run Chinook Salmon Upstream of Daguerre Point Dam 3,500 Ad-Clipped Fish Not Ad-Clipped Fish 3,000 2,500 2,000 No. of Fish 1,500 r 2 = 0.056 P = 0.571 1,000 r 2 = 0.104 500 P = 0.437 0 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 Year 12 Feather-Yuba Interactions
S PRING - RUN C HINOOK S ALMON Wild Population • Ad-clipped fish comprise up to Because there is no hatchery on 60+% of the annual run the Yuba River, the population is composed of wild fish • Of 43 genetic samples taken during May 2009 from upstream migrating Chinook salmon, 28 ? were FRFH spring-run and 15 were CV fall-run Feather Yuba River River Hatchery Do differences in flows and temps attract fish from the Feather into the Yuba River? 13 Feather-Yuba Interactions
S PRING - RUN C HINOOK S ALMON Hatchery Straying - Attraction to the Yuba River 14 Feather-Yuba Interactions
S PRING - RUN C HINOOK S ALMON Hatchery Straying - Attraction to the Yuba River Modeled weekly averages of daily proportions of ad- clipped phenotypic spring-run 2004-2011 • 136 average weekly proportions Explanatory variables • Weekly averages of the daily ratios of Yuba flows & temps to Feather flows & temps • 10 combinations of flow and temperature attraction variables 15 Feather-Yuba Interactions
S PRING - RUN C HINOOK S ALMON Hatchery Straying - Attraction to the Yuba River R 2 = 0.72 P < 0.0001 16 Feather-Yuba Interactions
S PRING - RUN C HINOOK S ALMON Hatchery Straying - Attraction to the Yuba River Differences in flows and temps Lower Feather Flows Higher Yuba Flows attract fish from the Feather + + into the Yuba River Higher Feather Temps Lower Yuba Temps = ? More Hatchery Strays June May SUN MON TUE WED THU FRI SAT SUN MON TUE WED THU FRI SAT 1 2 1 2 3 4 5 4 Weeks Later 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 27 28 29 30 31 17 Feather-Yuba Interactions
S PRING - RUN C HINOOK S ALMON Introgressive Hybridization Gene flow movement from one run into the gene pool of another by repeated back-crossing of a hybrid with one of its parental genotypes The phenotypic spring-run Chinook salmon in the lower Yuba River actually represents hybridization Between Yuba River spring- and fall-run Chinook salmon With Feather River spring-run Chinook salmon With Feather River fall-run Chinook salmon With FRFH fall-run Chinook salmon With FRFH spring-run Chinook salmon • Which itself represents a hybridization between Feather River spring- and fall-run Chinook salmon Vaki CWT NMFS & UC Ad-Clipped Recoveries Santa Cruz Fish 18 Feather-Yuba Interactions
S PRING - RUN C HINOOK S ALMON Lack of Reproductive Isolation Both “spring-running” and “fall-running” Chinook salmon are restricted to the lower Yuba River below Englebright Dam 19 Feather-Yuba Interactions
S PRING - RUN C HINOOK S ALMON Extirpation and Recolonization Debris dams Drought Englebright Spring-run Straying A remnant 1900 to 1941- 1928-1934: Dam built virtually from the spring-run intermittently high temps, in 1941 disappeared Feather population by 1959 c blocked likely River and persisted in the migration extirpated stocking lower Yuba spring-run b from FRFH a River as of 1991 a 1900 1910 1920 1930 1940 1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 DPD fish DPD fish Construction DPD fish Adequate ladders ladders of New ladders DPD fish built in rebuilt in Bullards Bar destroyed ladders 1911 a 1927/28 a 1938 – but 1970 – higher, built ineffective a 1950-52 a colder flows d a CDFG 1991 20 b Mitchell 1992 Feather-Yuba Interactions c Fry 1961 d YCWA et al. 2007
S PRING - RUN C HINOOK S ALMON Feather-Yuba River Interactions Likely no pure Yuba River spring-run ancestral extirpated by 1959 genome • FRFH fish planted in 1970s • Re-colonized by FRFH strays in 1970s No genetic differentiation between Feather and Yuba There is NOT an Chinook salmon There is an independent, independent, genetically genetically distinct distinct population of population of spring-run spring-run Chinook salmon Yuba and Feather flow Chinook salmon in the lower in the lower Yuba River and temp ratios influence Yuba River hatchery strays ? Lack of reproductive isolation Introgressive Hatchery straying hybridization rates up to 61%+ 21 Feather-Yuba Interactions
F EATHER -Y UBA R IVER I NTERACTIONS Management Implications/Considerations Reservoir Management ? Should reservoir management consider attraction of spring-run Chinook salmon to the Feather and Yuba rivers? 22
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