EXPERIMENT : FM 202 NATURE OF FLOW MOTIVATION AND OBJECTIVES - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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Mar 31, 2024 354 likes •451 views

CL-232 EXPERIMENT : FM 202 NATURE OF FLOW MOTIVATION AND OBJECTIVES MOTIVATION Majority of chemical-processing operations are conducted in the fluid phase. Important for efficient designing of such operations OBJECTIVES Visually

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CL-232 EXPERIMENT : FM 202 NATURE OF FLOW

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MOTIVATION AND OBJECTIVES

MOTIVATION

Majority of chemical-processing operations are

conducted in the fluid phase.

Important for efficient designing of such
perations

OBJECTIVES

Visually observe flow pattern during turbulent

and laminar flow.

To deduce the critical Reynolds number for the

transition from the two types of flow patterns.

To determine friction factor and verify the

relation between f and Re .

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SCHEMATIC DIAGRAM

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THEORY

Low velocity- laminar flow (no lateral mixing) ,

high velocity- turbulent (eddy formation).

Measure of turbulence (NRe)D/𝜈.
Friction factor:
f = ΔPgcD/2LρV2.(Definition)
For turbulent f = 0.046NRe

−0.2 . (50000 < NRe < 106)

f= 0.0014 + 0.125NRe
0.32 .(3000 < NRe < 3 × 106)
For laminar flow : f = 16/NRe .

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EXPERIMENTAL PROCEDURE

Repeat from step 1 Find velocity of flow in the pipe Record Volumetric Flow Record H2 Wait for water level in tank B to stabilise Adjust flow rate

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CALCULATION PROCEDURE

RECORDED VOLUME, TIME VELOCITY=VOLUME TIME*AREA fTHEO ΔP=ΔH*g*ρ ΔH=H1-H2 fOBS NRe = ρv D/μ

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RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS

Relation between the observed and

theoretical friction factors

The upper critical Reynolds number
The lower critical Reynolds number
Uncertainty in measurements

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Conclusion

In the laminar region, friction factor and

Reynolds number are inversely proportional to each other.

Some extra energy will have to be supplied to

a fluid to change its flow regime from laminar to turbulent and vice-versa

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