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Examination of Over-Enrollment, Repetition, & ECD Access in Uganda

Tara N. Weatherholt, Luis Crouch, Katherine Merseth, Anna Dick, Chris Cummisky, Jennifer Pressley, Rehemah Nabacwa, & Rachel Jordan

Descriptive Study

 Better understand enrollment and

repetition in Primary 1

 Pre-primary education enrollment

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Background on Over-Enrollment in Uganda

• UPE was adopted by the government of Uganda in 1997

– 2.5 million (1996) – 8.2 million (2015)

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Enrollment with Population Overlay: Uganda

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500,000 1,000,000 1,500,000 2,000,000 P1 P2 P3 P4 P5 P6 P7

Enrollment with Population Overlay

Population of Appropriate Age Enrollment

Source: Graphed by the authors from enrollment data sourced from the EMIS 2013 (Ministry of Education 2014) and, for population, direct download of World Bank’s EdStats system data (http://datatopics.worldbank.org/education/wDataQuery/QFull.aspx.)

UGANDA Context

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• No government-funded pre-

primary

• 11% of children attended

pre-primary education programs (2013 Gross

Enrollment Rate, UIS)

• Official age of enrollment for

Primary 1 is 6-years-old.

• Repetition is discouraged

Research Questions: Descriptive Study

• Methodological - Testing a method of collecting

enrollment, repetition, and preprimary data through school record reviews and interviews

• What are the pupil enrollment numbers and ages in Primary

1 in a sample of schools in two differing districts, as reported by school records?

• What are the pupil repetition rates in Primary 1 in a sample
• f schools in two differing districts, as reported by school

records?

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Research Questions: Descriptive Study

• What are the ages of a sample of pupils in Primary 1 in two

differing districts, as reported by parents?

• What are the repetition rates of a sample of pupils in

Primary 1 in two differing districts, as reported by parents and teachers?

• What are the rates of preprimary enrollment of a sample of

pupils in Primary 1 in two differing districts, as reported by parents?

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Sample & Measures

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2 Districts: 40 schools each, 24 pupils per school

• KUMI: High reported repetition rates (11.6%, 2014), low

performance, low pre-primary access, more rural

• MBALE: Low reported repetition rates (1.6%, 2014), high

performance, high pre-primary access, less rural Measures

• Classroom-Level
• Head Teacher records (n = 64)
• Teacher records (n = 72)
• Classroom Headcount (n= 88)
• Pupil-Level
• Parent Interviews (n = 1772)
• Teacher Interviews (n = 1909)

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Classroom Level Data

Enrollment: School Records & Head Counts (N=55)

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97.4 70.1 149.7 97.9 156.5 110.6 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 Kumi (high-risk) Mbale (low-risk) Average Number of Children

Average Enrollment

Headcount Teacher Records Head Teacher Records

Age for Grade

Mean Percentage Pupils Under-Age and Over-Age for Grade (N=55 records)

Kumi (High-Risk) Mbale (Low-Risk) HT Teacher HT Teacher

% Under-age

.8% .6% 3.2% 1.4%

At Age 6

35.4% 42.3% 32.5% 34.2%

% Over-age

58.2% 38.8% 60.6% 51.7%

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Age for Grade

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Mean Percentage Pupils Under-Age and Over-Age for Grade (N=55 records)

Kumi (High-Risk) Mbale (Low-Risk) HT Teacher HT Teacher

% Under-age

.8% .6% 3.2% 1.4%

At Age 6 - 7

67.3% 72.4% 66.3% 70.6%

% Over-age

31.7% 8.7% 26.8% 15.3%

Repetition: School Records (N= 55)

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7.7 0.8 25.5 10.7 5 10 15 20 25 30 Kumi (High-Risk) Mbale (Low-Risk) Percentage of Children

2016 Mean Repetition Rates: Classroom Level

Head Teacher Teacher

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Pupil Level Data

Age of Sampled Pupils: Parent Report (N=1772)

Kumi (High- risk) Mbale (Low- risk) Child’s Age N % N % 3 or Less 1 0.1% 0.0% 4 2 0.1% 7 1.0% 5 48 4.7% 63 7.5% 6 249 25.7% 210 23.1% 7 304 34.7% 299 33.1% 8 181 21.7% 167 18.9% 9 61 7.1% 59 7.0% 10 19 2.6% 30 3.4% 11 or More 5 0.6% 13 1.6% Don't Know/ No Response 20 2.7% 34 4.4%

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Age for Grade: Parent-Report

0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100% Kumi (High-Risk) Mbale (Low-Risk) Percentage of Children

Percentage of Sampled Pupils Over-Age and Under- Age for Grade

5 & Below 7 & Above

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Age for Grade: Parent Report

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4.90% 8.50% 32% 30.90% 0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100% Kumi (High-Risk) Mbale (Low-Risk) Percentage of Children

Percentage of Sampled Pupils Over- and Under-Age for Grade

5 & Below 8 & Above

Repetition of Sampled Pupils

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48% 39.80% 38.90% 30.23% 0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100% Kumi (High-Risk) Mbale (Low-Risk) Repetition Rate

Reported Repetition Rate

Parent Teacher

Repetition: Comparison of Sources

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SOURCE

Kumi (High-Risk) Mbale (Low-Risk)

EMIS 2015 P1 Repeater Rate 9.8% 2.2% Head Teacher Records (Classroom Level) 7.7% .8% Teacher Records (Classroom Level) 25.5% 10.7% Teacher Interview (Pupil Level) 38.9% 30.23% Parent Interview (Pupil Level) 48% 39.8%

Preprimary Enrollment: Parent Report

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15% 39.40% 84.80% 60.20% 0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100% Kumi (High-Risk) Mbale (Low-Risk) Percentage of Pupils

Pre-primary Enrollment of Sampled Pupils

Pre-primary No Pre-primary

Preprimary & Repetition: Parent Report

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Pre- Primary Status

Did not repeat Repeated Kumi (High- Risk) No Pre- Primary 374 384 Pre-primary 98 33 Mbale (Low- Risk) No Pre- primary 263 273 Pre-Primary 236 97

Years of Pre-Primary & Repetition: Parent Report

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Years of Pre- primary Repeater Rate 1 13.3% 2 1.9% 3 0.9%

Summary of Results

• Majority of children are over-

age for grade

• Parent-report higher

repetition rates than reported in EMIS and school records

• Attending pre-primary

lessens chance of repeating

• Promising methodology for

studying enrollment and repetition and for engaging parents – 93% parent participation

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Resources

• Crouch, 2016
• Graph by the authors from enrollment data sourced from the EMIS

2013 (Ministry of Education 2014) and, for population, direct download of World Bank’s EdStats system data (http://datatopics.worldbank.org/education/wDataQuery/QFull.aspx.)

• World Bank EdStats download

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