SLIDE 1
Gender disparities in the agriculture sector
November 14, 2016 1
equitable agriculture outcomes Salome Mhango Emily Hillenbrand - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
equitable agriculture outcomes Salome Mhango Emily Hillenbrand - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
The Farmer Field and Business School (FFBS): Addressing beliefs and behaviors for equitable agriculture outcomes Salome Mhango Emily Hillenbrand Mind the Gap: Exploring the Disparities Between Smallholder Farmer Practice and Potential
SLIDE 2
SLIDE 3
Problem tree: Land access
November 14, 2016 2
SLIDE 4
Beliefs and behaviors that undermine female farmers
November 14, 2016 3
Malawi Tanzania Ghana Mali Bangladesh India
Small trade businesses are seldom run by women alone; but rather in partnership with a husband or a family member, even if the woman is the one to initiate the business idea and obtain start- up capital. Women are “underneath” men because it has always been that way. Men are generally uncomfortable with women working
- utside the home, but
recognize the financial benefits, including resources for household food for some part of the hunger period. All important household decisions are made by the husband head of household and include education, sale of agricultural products, livestock, loans, marriages, boy’s circumcision, and girl’s excision. The severity of shocks is associated with men staying
- ut for longer times
in their migration
- patterns. In these
situations women “are allowed” to visit markets more frequently. Men have “supreme” power in a number of important decision- making areas.
Women may be ridiculed verbally if they are seen as being wrong in their decision-making. It may seem to the
- utside like women
are making decisions, but in reality they are not.
Women’s labor is paid less even for equal jobs. Both sexes justify this stating that women
have domestic tasks they must do; therefore, any paid job they undertake requires more time to complete. Women are seen generally as weak and
simply not able to conduct themselves as men do.
Men decide on critical points of family size,
- btaining and use of
loans, major asset control, land preparation and cropping decisions. When a woman wealth increases, she likely will have greater decision-making though the community may “frown” on that.
If a woman is educated and works out of her house her husband will not be interested in her anymore.
During difficult times, women consume food of lower quality than
- thers in their
family. Traditionally they serve everyone in the family before eating themselves. Women sometimes believe they are “rubber stamping” what men are saying on issues at the local level.
W
- men are
“underneath” men because it has always been that way. “If a woman is educated and works
- ut of her house her
husband will not be interested in her anymore.”
SLIDE 5
Ppathways Objectives and Theory of Change
Pathways Theory of Change
SLIDE 6
Farmer Field and Business School: An integrated approach
SLIDE 7
Farmer Field and Business School: Learning by doing
SLIDE 8
Three treatments: 1) Best practice: no ridges, manure and mulching 2) Manure on one side of ridge
- nly
3) Traditional practice: Ridges,
- pen a trench, manure, and cover
Time-savings: 90 to 8 days 3 variants allow women to ease into new practices, decide for themselves
Soya ridging and compost application
7
SLIDE 9
Ghana: Income calculation for the soya treatments
November 14, 2016 8
Treatment Yield (Kg/Ha) Costs Added Returns % increase in earnings No fertilizer 1167 Actyva only 2218 315 736 113.6% Green OK only 1749 110 472 329% Inoculant + Actyva 1874 187.5 519.5 117% Inoculant only 1570 35 368 951%
SLIDE 10
Nutrition : Testing new recipes and gender practices
November 14, 2016 9
Changes in nutrition behaviors:
- Men and women eating together
- Women and children eating the
good parts of the chicken
- Consuming (not selling) soya and
groundnuts
- New soya recipes
- Men sharing cooking chores
SLIDE 11
Gender: Progressive steps and do-able actions
November 14, 2016 10
SLIDE 12
Participatory monitoring and evaluation: PPT
November 14, 2016 11
SLIDE 13
Gender Progress Marker Monitoring
November 14, 2016 12
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%
Women dress nicely and look good women freely choose not to remarry Women negotiate for better marketing Women stop doing prolonged casual labour Women publically speak out against GBV
Women: self confidence, autonomy and leadership
High Medium Low Nil
SLIDE 14
Behavior change is…
- a process of cost-benefit calculations (including
social costs and intangible benefits)
- more likely to happen when people can develop
and test their own “treatments”
- not immediate but still measurable
- encouraged through group monitoring and data
analysis
- easier when you identify context-specific,
progressive, do-able practices
Reflections on adoption of new practices
13