Climate Change Mitigation and Adaptation Adaptation Paper - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
Climate Change Mitigation and Adaptation Adaptation Paper presented by Alweny Salome and Nimpamya Enock B.K on 3 rd October, 2011 at the 1 st workshop of the Nakasongola District Climate Change Pilot Project in the District Production Hall 1
Paper presented by Alweny Salome and Nimpamya Enock B.K on 3rd October, 2011 at the 1st workshop of the Nakasongola District Climate Change Pilot Project in the District Production Hall
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Wetland Management and conservation Tree planting/Afforestation Water Harvesting Energy saving techniques-Energy Saving Energy saving techniques-Energy Saving
stoves
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The district is located in Uganda’s cattle
corridor prone to climate change impacts.
Due to limited tree cover and high
temperatures, it is highly vulnerable to temperatures, it is highly vulnerable to prolonged drought, floods and erratic rains.
Productivity has steadily declined and poverty
levels are high.
The region has been described as a severe
poverty hotspot.
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The district has suffered considerably from
soil degradation.
Many areas that had vegetation including
forests and wetlands have been converted to forests and wetlands have been converted to bare land.
The district is increasingly loosing wetlands
due to overgrazing, burning and encroachment.
There are indications that the severe climate
causing drying up of vegetation and crops is getting worse.
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Definitions
There are many definitions for wetlands
however according to the National Environment Act,CAP.153 under section 2,Wetlands are Act,CAP.153 under section 2,Wetlands are areas that are permanently or temporarily flooded by water and animals have become adopted.
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Wetland Coverage
About 29,000km2 or 13% of the total area of
Uganda is occupied by wetlands.
They comprise swamps(8,832km2),swamp They comprise swamps(8,832km ),swamp
forest(365km2) and sites with impeded drainage(20,392km2).
Nakasongola district covers a total area of
3510 sq.km(about 1.42% of the country’s total surface area)
4.5% is wetlands
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Direct Values Indirect values Option values Non-use values Production and consumption goods like…. Fish and craft materials Fuelwood Ecosystem functions and services such as…… Storage of water and supply Premium placed
future uses and application such as……… Pharmaceutical Intrinsic significance in terms of…….. Cultural values Aesthetic beauty Heritage Value Fuelwood Building valley tanks and dams Sand, gravel, clay Water Medicines/herbs Transport and supply Water purification Flood control Habitat Pharmaceutical Tourism Water use Heritage Value Bequest value Existence value
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Article 237(2)(b) of the constitution provides
that…Government or local government shall hold in trust for the people and protect natural lakes, rivers, wetlands, forest reserves, game reserves, national parks and any land to be reserves, national parks and any land to be reserved for ecological and touristic purposes for the common good of all citizens.
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Under subsection (4) of section 44 of the
Land Act, Government or Local Government shall not lease out or otherwise alienate any natural resource refered to in the section.
Any issuance of a land title in respect to
wetlands or within regulated lakeshores and river bank zones is therefore illegal.
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General consensus
that wetlands have been heavily encroached on.
The area they
reducing due to threats including those in next slides.
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for new pasture regeneration.
financial resources) for enforcement of wetlands policies and regulations.
for land for agriculture.
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wetlands conservation.
Central and Local Government. Central and Local Government.
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wetlands.
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drainage/reclamatio n of wetlands for cultivation, notably rice and yams. rice and yams.
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All the above issues, directly or indirectly
leads to the impairment of wetland’s ability to play its ecological/supporting functions.
The poor because they have the least coping
mechanisms.
They particularly become vulnerable to the
vagaries of climate change including floods, water related conflicts and diseases.
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Designation of wetlands as Ramzar sites. Sadly
none in Nakasongola.
Taking inventory of wetlands. Communities being assisted to develop Wetland Communities being assisted to develop Wetland
Management Plans.
Cancellation of land titles issued in wetlands after
1995 and compensation of individuals who qualify.
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Development of wetlands resources use guidelines
to guide those who want to carry out regulated activities in wetlands e.g. guidelines for small holder paddy rice cultivation in seasonal wetland and Guidelines for sand and clay mining in and Guidelines for sand and clay mining in wetland.
Gazzatement of critical wetlands for strict
protection.
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Promotion of the Use of the ecosystem approach
in Restoration and Management of wetlands.
Continuous and proactive awareness programmes
according to changing needs and emerging issues according to changing needs and emerging issues for wetland cons.
Eviction of encroachers to allow restoration of
degraded wetlands.
Capacity development and empowerment(both
human and financial) for functions of institutionas at all levels and many others.
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Forests are the most biologically-diverse
ecosystems on land, habitat to more than half
and insects. Provide shelter, jobs and security for forest-dependent populations.
Despite all of the priceless ecological,
economic, social and health benefits, they are being destroyed.
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Need for transformation of forest sector and
need to make them a universal political priority.
Need to plant appropriate tree species
Need to plant appropriate tree species
Preferably indigenous tree species
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Native trees have the best possible chance of
adapting to changing climatic conditions.
Trees in the farming system can help increase
farm incomes. diversify production and thus spread risk
diversify production and thus spread risk
against agricultural production or market
climate change become more pronounced.
Challenge: not easy to save every species of
plants but conscious promotion of indigenous species is possible.
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Trees and shrubs can diminish the effects of
extreme weather events, such as heavy rains, droughts and wind storms.
They prevent erosion, stabilize soils, raise
infiltration rates and halt land degradation. infiltration rates and halt land degradation.
Enrich biodiversity in the landscape and
increase ecosystem stability.
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Energy saving devises. This calls for
alternative sources of energy.
Construction of energy saving stoves.
Example includes the Rocket Lorena -an Example includes the Rocket Lorena -an
energy-efficient stove made of earth, grass and water.
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Less firewood used. The Rocket Lorena for
example uses 60 per cent less wood than the traditional three stone fire stoves.
According to GTZ Uganda, more than 210,000
stoves are already in use, each saving 1.5 tons of stoves are already in use, each saving 1.5 tons of fuel wood a year. “Where they are used, nobody falls ill or dies of smoke poisoning”GTZ.
It’s cheap. A small Rocket Lorena for example
costs 2000/= in some places.
Saves time that would otherwise be used in
collecting firewood.
Emits no toxic smoke.
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Improved water harvesting and retention such
as pools, dams, pits, retaining ridges water tanks)
Large water storage
Large water storage
Water use efficiency(irrigation systems) Advantages:
Cheap and safe if properly handled. RWH
systems require regular maintenance and cleaning to keep the system hygienic.
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Advantages
Addresses increasing irregularity of rainfall
patterns.
Increases production Saves time that would otherwise be used
looking for water.
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land,
animals, plants and insects.
dependent populations.
social and health benefits, we are destroying the very forests we need to survive.
become a universal political priority.
temperatures, loss of species, decreasing lake levels, drying of springs and flooding in many parts of Uganda are resulting from the change in the global climate. resulting from the change in the global climate.
loss of biodiversity and revenue to governments.
change impacts;
.
Why plant indigenous trees, why use communities?
to changing conditions;
conscious promotion of indigenous species is possible.
before it reaches the aquifer;
and other typical uses. and other typical uses.
institutions can make an important contribution to the availability of drinking water.
urban greenery.
which are especially prepared for this purpose, is called Storm water harvesting.
economical, water source.
construct from inexpensive local materials,
habitable locations. habitable locations.
in areas with an average rainfall greater than 200 mm (7.9 in) per year, and no other accessible water sources (Skinner and Cotton, 1992).
used to refill aquifers in a process called groundwater recharge;
industrial systems.
is dependent on:
precipitation (mm per annum) x square meter of catchment area = litres per annum yield) ... a 200 square meter roof
an arrangement of gutters and pipes.
allowed to run to waste, as it will be contaminated with dust, bird droppings etc.
breeding and to reduce evaporation losses, contamination and algal growth.
keep the system hygienic.
Basis of RWH esp.in Marginal lands.
Recent droughts have highlighted the risks to human
beings and livestock, which occur when rains falter or fail.
vegetation.
sustain such life.
as to preserve the hydrological balance and the biological functions of all ecosystems.
benefits a fortunate few,
point of consumption.
flow of groundwater;
water stored in the aquifer.
cultivation is done on slopes ranging from 3% and above.
cultural aspects of people;
weeding and mulching enhance water availability in the soil;
evaporation.
providing more time for infiltration providing more time for infiltration
crusted soil surface; FYM is added in the pits,permit the concentration of water and nutrients.
along crop rows and leaving appropriate sections of the inter-row space uncultivated so as to release runoff.
embankments, constructed along the contour lines.
allowing deeper infiltration into the soil,
cannot be stored in the soil profile- dams
more successful than collective based or communally
affecting the adoption of RWH; affecting the adoption of RWH;
conjunction with crops, which can be sold for cash;
capital investment.