Environmental Objectives of the Russian American Observation - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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Environmental Objectives of the Russian American Observation - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Oct 19, 2023 272 likes •447 views

Environmental Objectives of the Russian American Observation Satellites (RAMOS) T. Humpherys A.T. Stair V. Sinelshchikov R. Anderson I. Schiller V. Abramov Utah State University/ V. Misnik Space Dynamics Visidyne Inc. TsNPO Kometa

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Environmental Objectives

  • f the

Russian American Observation Satellites (RAMOS)

Presented at the "Remote Sensing of the Atmosphere, Ocean, Environment, and Space" Conference Hangzhou, China 23-27 October, 2002

Space Dynamics Laboratory

A.T. Stair

  • I. Schiller

Visidyne Inc. Burlington, MA, USA

  • T. Humpherys
  • R. Anderson

Utah State University/ Space Dynamics Laboratory Logan, UT, USA

  • V. Sinelshchikov
  • V. Abramov
  • V. Misnik

TsNPO Kometa Moscow, Russia

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Joint Mission Operations Center (Moscow)

  • Circular 500 km Orbit
  • Separation = 50-2,600 km
  • Station Keeping Capability

RAMOS Program

  • Simultaneous stereo

capability with sensors from infrared (IR) to ultraviolet (UV)

  • Launch planned in

2006/2007 with an on-orbit lifetime of two to five years

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RAMOS Objectives

  • Increase cooperation

– Engage US and Russia cooperatively in environmental technologies – Increase trust between US and Russia – Establish groundwork for future cooperative efforts

  • Develop mutually beneficial research

– Study use of multispectral stereo observations for environmental monitoring and forecasting – Measure utility of short wave infrared (SWIR) polarization and multispectral techniques to mitigate atmospheric clutter

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Approach

  • Jointly develop two-satellite configuration

– Russia builds two spacecraft, provides ground facilities, visible cameras and UV sensors – US builds infrared sensors and visible pushbroom scanners – Russia launches both satellites

  • Jointly perform mission operations
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RAMOS Technical History

  • Russian and American teams demonstrated 10 years of cooperative

research

  • Stereo, polarization measurements, atmospheric observations, solar

scattering and numerous other phenomena

  • In 1996, US Midcourse Space Experiment (MSX) satellite and Russian

Resurc-O 1 Earth Resources satellite – During a near conjunction obtained over 1,200 multispectral images of

  • Mt. Erebus, Antarctica

– Demonstrated stereoscopic analysis of scene from two separate

  • bservation platforms with sensors of totally different design.
  • From 1997 until 2000 a series of flights were made using the US FISTA

(Flying Infrared Signatures Technology Aircraft) – Russian-built water band (MLWIR) radiometer (“Aquameter”) to measure atmospheric and cloud scenes – Space Dynamics Laboratory's Hyperspectral Imaging Polarimeter (HIP) to study polarization of solar scatter in the SWIR spectral region

  • These programs yielded a wealth of information used to design RAMOS

sensors

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RAMOS Instrument Parameters

  • IR Radiometer (US)

– 1º x 1º FOV, 140µrad IFOV, 1.5 to 7.5 µm, multiple focal planes/dichroic for simultaneous measurements – MLWIR (5.4 – 7.2 µm), MWIR (4.23 - 4.45 µm), SWIR (2.7 - 2.95 µm) and multiple “see to the ground” (atmospheric windows) bands

  • High Speed Visible Camera (RF)

– 3º x 3º, high speed (=100 Hz) camera (600 - 900 nm)

  • Visible Push Broom Scanner (US)

– Body mounted, 30º wide FOV, polarization and cloud top filters

  • Wide Field Visible Camera (RF)

– 5 cameras 3º x 30º FOV with RGB and other environmental filters

  • Ultraviolet Radiometer (RF)

– Multiple filtered two channel ultraviolet photometer (200-300 nm and 300-400nm)

Two Satellites (Both Active) – Two ROKOT Launchers Satellite #1 Satellite #2

Pointing System #1

Infrared Radiometer/ Polarimeter Infrared Radiometer/ Spectrometer High Speed Visible Camera High Speed Visible Camera Wide Field Visible Cameras Wide Field Visible Cameras

Pointing System #2

(slaved)

Ultraviolet Radiometer Ultraviolet Radiometer

Body Mounted

Visible Push -broom Scanner Visible Push -broom Scanner

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Payload Configuration

Visible Push Broom (VPB) UV Radiometer (UVR) IR Radiometer (IRR) IR Spectrometer (IRS) Visible Matrix Camera (VMX) Large Pointing Mirrors (slaved together) Visible Camera (VC) (IRR and IRS) (VC, UVR, VMX)

  • Two satellites based on the Russian “Yacht” universal space platform
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Instrument Coverage

Overlap 15’ IR Radiometer High Speed Visible Camera UV Radiometer Wide Field of View Visible Cameras (5 Cameras) Visible Pushbroom (Linear Focal Plane Array)

Field of Regard 30.5 x 30.5 degs

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Using stereo observation, multiple wave bands, and small footprint, RAMOS will evaluate the capability to measure and identify fast changing environmental events such as volcano eruptions and forest fires. RAMOS will also demonstrate the capability to measure the wind velocity altitude profile through the use of stereo tracking of cloud fragments and the ability to determine the vertical distribution of water vapor in the atmosphere. These capabilities may assist in weather forecasting such as predicting hurricane strength and movement.

Investigating Global Atmospheric and Dynamic Events

Satellite at 500 km Viewing LZA = 45° IR Radiometer - FOV = 1.0° (Overlapping Step-Stare Swath) Visible Camera - FOV = 3° (Co-Aligned, provides stereo 3-D Reconstruction of Cloud Background) Visible Push-Broom - FOV = 30° (Provides Contextual Characterization of Background)

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Strength of Cyclones

  • Cyclones are the most destructive

natural calamities both in terms of loss

  • f life and property

– Strength of cyclones are crudely estimated by aircraft flights into the storms

  • Demonstrate ability to measure and

predict the strength of the cyclone remotely

– Determine altitude of the turrets that protrude above the eye-wall to plus or minus100 meters – Determine temperature of these turrets to plus or minus a few degrees (K)

  • Demonstrate that space-based systems could

– Provide disaster warnings world wide

Credit: NOAA

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Fires

  • Fast Changing Events

– Forest fires – Industrial, pipeline, or oil field fires – Fires from accidents

  • RAMOS sensors’ small footprints, stereo location, and the

temperature measurement capabilities are unique when compared to other satellite systems

  • Demonstrate ability for space-based support of disaster control

– Measure and identify these events and report them in a timely fashion to National and Global Disaster Networks

Credit: NOAA

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Volcanic Plume

  • Observe plume from an active

volcano when it is far removed from the source and has thinned to become a translucent cloud

– Threat to jet aircraft that might penetrate the cloud – May affect weather patterns.

  • Define the top and bottom altitudes and the width
  • f the plume
  • Use tomographic methods with data from each

satellite to correlate views to assist in the spatial definition of ash

Credit: NOAA

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Wind Measurements

  • Demonstrate wind velocity versus altitude by tracking

cloud fragments

  • Demonstrate potential improvement of numerical weather

forecasting far removed from land based observation sites

  • Provide information on the winds that steer cyclones as an

assist to the cyclone strength measurements

Push-Broom Cloud Top Mode Push-Broom Cloud Top Mode

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Water Vapor Structure

  • Observe wave-like structures of the troposphere
  • Study phenomenology of tropospheric waves

– Possible gravity waves – Temperature, water vapor content – Topography influence

Calibrated, Aquameter image of 10-kilometer-scale waves observed during FISTA flight in southeastern Utah. Faint, small-scale vertical structures in the image is instrument noise.

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Water Vapor Fine Structure

  • Observe fine wave-like structures of the troposphere

Calibrated, forward-looking Aquameter image of sub-kilometer-scale waves observed during FISTA flight over the Pacific Ocean off the coast of California. The assumed wave and aircraft altitudes are 7.2 and 12.1 kilometers respectively. Diagonal wave features believed to be gravity waves.

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Water Vapor Profiles

  • Determine the MLWIR

radiometric contribution to spatial scenes (for all local zenith angles including near horizon viewing geometry

  • Determine the vertical

distribution of water vapor in the atmosphere by spectral measurements

  • Demonstrate the capability to measure at the less than

100 meter spatial scale

– Value in the forecasts of climatological change and weather

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Conclusion

  • The RAMOS constellation is a demonstration of cooperation

between the Russian Federation and the United States

– Joint experiment planning – Exchange of experimental data

  • New technologies for the study of the global environment

– Advance state of knowledge of critical environmental phenomena

  • Acquisition of space-based data will create important scientific

databases that will benefit international research

  • This project has raised the level of cooperation and trust

between various US and Russian organizations