_ - - _ - - - _ _ _ - - _ - _ - _ - - - - _ - - _ _ - - - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

▶

environment the mind ucla art sci center

Apr 27, 2023 29 likes •315 views

_ - - _ - - - _ _ _ - - _ - _ - _ - - - - _ - - _ _ - - ENVIRONMENT + THE MIND UCLA ART | SCI CENTER - - _ _ - _ - _ _ _ - - _ - - - _ - - - _ _ _ - - _ - - _ - - _ - - _ _ - _ - _ _ _ - - - -_ - - - - _ _ _ - - _ _ _ _ - - _ - - _ - - _ _

SLIDE 1

_ - - _ - - - _ _ _ - - _

- _ - - _ _ _ - - - -_ - -
- _ _ _ - - _ - - _ - - _ _
_ - _ _ _ - - _ - - - _ _ _
- _ - - _ - - _ _ - _ - _ _

_ - - _ - _ - - _ - - - _ _ _

- _ - - _ - - _ _ _ - - - -_
- - - _ _ _ - - _ - - _ - - _

_ - _ - _ _ _ - - _ - - - _ _ _ - - _ - - _ - - _ _ - _

_ _ _ - - _ - - _ - - _ _
_ - _ - - - - _ - - _ _ - -

_ _ _ - - _ - - _ - - _ _ _

- - -_ - - - - _ _ _ - - _
- _ - - _ _ - _ - _ _ _
- _ - - - _ _ _ - - _ - - _
- _ _ - _ - _ _ _ - - _ -

UCLA ART | SCI CENTER ENVIRONMENT + THE MIND MEDIA + MEDICINE

SLIDE 2

1700 1800 1900 2000 1600 New Orleans New Orleans H i s t o r y

Spanish and French explorers discover the mouth of the Mississippi. The French see the potential of the large delta and claim the land. A population begins to settle in New

Orleans. After being given to Spain,

New Orleans grows prosperous from trade, allowing more and more buildings to be erected and a society to be established. New Orleans becomes a major US port, and many different cultures begin to fmood into New Orleans. This new diversity is celebrated in larger and larger Mardis Gras parties. Jazz, blues, and zydeko originate in New Orleans and the city becomes famous for its unique, creative, and colorful society.

Occupation Development Diversity Culture

H i s t o r y

SLIDE 3

1700 1800 1900 2000 1600 Occupation Occupation

1519 Alonso de Pineda becomes the fjrst European to stand at the mouth of the Mississippi River 1542 Hernando de Soto becomes famous for exploring the Louisiana area and is credited with the discovery of the Mississippi Delta 1682 Frenchmen Robert Cavalier and Sieur de La Salle claim New Orleans and the surrounding areas for King Louis of France

SLIDE 4

1700 1800 1900 2000 1600 Development Development

1718 New Orleans is offjcially founded by Jean-Baptitste Le Moyne de Bienville The oldest cathedral in the US, St. Louis Cathedral, is built in New Orleans 1722 New Orleans becomes the state capital of French Louisiana 1762 Charles ii of Spain given all of the land west of the Mississippi by Louis xv 1795 Spain grants the US a “Right of Deposit,” and they are now allowed to use the port of New Orleans 1801 Louisiana is returned to France 1803 The US purchases Louisiana from Napoleon 1812 Louisiana becomes the 18th state

SLIDE 5

1700 1800 1900 2000 1600

1815 Andrew Jackson defends New Orleans from a British invasion 1835 New Orleans is partitioned into three separate municipalities 1838 A US mint branch is established in New Orleans, and becomes one of the most important mints in the country The fjrst Mardis Gras parade is held in New Orleans with partiers in masks in the street 1840 New Orleans becomes the nation’s 4th largest city 1849 The state capital is transferred to Baton Rouge 1856 A Hurricane kills more than 400 people in Louisiana 1861 Louisiana joins the Confederacy 1862 New Orleans is captured by the Union without a battle, leaving the city unharmed 1872 The fjrst Rex, or “King of Carnival,” debuts at Mardis Gras 1884 New Orleans holds the World’s Fair 1892 The nation’s fjrst general strike takes place in New Orleans 1893 A Hurricane kills more than 2000 people in Louisiana

Diversity Diversity

SLIDE 6

1700 1800 1900 2000 1600 Culture Culture

1915 The name “jazz” is given to musical style originating in New Orleans 1957 Hurricane Audrey kills hundreds

f people in Louisiana

1965 Hurricane Betsy kills over 60 people 1977 New Orleans elects its fjrst black mayor, Ernest N. “Dutch” Morial 1990 New Orleans regains the position of the nation’s busiest port 1992 Hurricane Andrew causes more than i billion dollars in damages 2005 Hurricane Katrina becomes the most damaging hurricane in US history 1958 New Orleans abolishes segregation

n city buses

SLIDE 7

1700 1800 1900 2000 1600 Conclusion Conclusion

1519-2005 The history of New Orleans, with its many foreign infmuences from trade and immigration, helps to explain its diverse culture. Historically, this culture has been devastated numerous times by hurricanes in the past, but the city has climbed back from such natural disasters and maintained its role as a unique and culturally important city.

SLIDE 8

Parishes

Greater New Orleans is the largest metropolitan area in Louisiana, centered around the City of New Orleans. The region is divided into four primary areas: East Bank, West Bank, North Shore, and the River Parishes. Greater New Orleans is composed

f ten parishes, including

the Orleans parish, which is coextensive with New

Orleans. After Hurricane

Katrina, the Greater New Orleans area was the most devastated region within Louisiana.

The Structure of New Orleans

greater new orleans Greater New Orleans is composed of ten parishes, and Louisiana’s largest metropolitan area. east bank The “East Bank” is home to most of New Orleans, and is the most densely populated of Greater New Orleans.

rleans parish

Orleans parish is coextensive with the city of New Orleans. After Katrina, there were 154 confjrmed deaths within this parish. katrina aftermath Greater New Orleans, mainly the “East Bank,” suffered severe damage with massive fmooding and wind damage.

SLIDE 9

Architecture

The Architecture in New Orleans is a jambalaya

f French, Spanish and

American design. Much

f it predates even U.S.
ccupancy. It is a city that

has traded hands from one country to another and even its citizens have contributed to its architectural fmavor. Over two centuries the city has withstood fjres, fmoods, hurricanes, Civil War and during each reconstruction a signifjcant portion of the architecture, although standing, has been damaged and is withering away.

The Structure of New Orleans

french quarter Established by the French but designed under Spanish rule. Fires, fmoods and battles have damaged this city many times in the past two centuries. reconstruction Over the years, electric signs have been juxtaposed on

ld structures and

pre Civil War slave quarters now revamped apartments and hotels. shotgun homes African American contribution to American architecture after the Civil War. Many people still live in these homes today. superdome New Orleans most modern structure. It will become the only place to stay after the devastation from Hurricane Katrina.

43% of homes in New Orleans were built before 1949. That’s more then twice the U.S. average.

NEW ORLEANS U.S. AVERAGE

Homes built before 1949

New Orleans vs U.S. in percentage 43 22

SLIDE 10

Industry

The economy of New Orleans relies on its port, oil, and tourism. During the 1970s,

il was a thriving industry

in Louisiana but soon the industry began moving west to

Texas. Instead of attracting

new commerce to New Orleans by reducing crime and improving literacy levels, the city became more of a tourist attraction. Over the years, the city’s dependence

n visitors increased, and the

consequences of this strategy are certain to become more evident in the wake of Katrina.

The Structure of New Orleans

Oil remains New Orleans’ leading employer. There are still major energy companies that have their headquarters in the city, including BP , Chevron, and Royal Dutch Shell. french quarter The legendary French Quarter is the most popular tourist area. The region was the site of heavy looting, and much of it was

destroyed. Bourbon

Street features bars, restaurants, bars, shops and bars. mardi gras The most infmuential event of the year for New Orleans is Mardi Gras, which generates

ver $1 billion. For the

two weeks of Carnival, visitors fjll the city’s streets, eateries, and 38,259 hotel rooms. commerce The Central Business District of New Orleans is located immediately north of the Mississippi River. The costs to rebuild the fmooded area will be in the billions.

Visitors spent $4.9 billion in 2004, which rates the tourism industry as New Orleans’ second- largest employer.

OIL & GAS TOURISM/CONVENTION PROFESSIONAL SERVICES ARTS & ENTERTAINMENT SHIPBUILDING/AEROSPACE MARITIME/PORT

New Orleans Economy

In Terms of Employment Percentage 17 11 8 9 10 16

SLIDE 11

Churches & Schools

Churches and schools are parts of New Orleans that provide the structure for community. The people

f Louisiana hold these

institutions as the basis of family life and a strong sense

f bonding and support.

Churches provide spiritual enrichment for the people

f the city, while schools,

specifjcally historically black colleges, provide enrichment for the mind.

The Structure of New Orleans

st. augustine’s church
St. Augustine Church

is considered the “mother church” for Catholics in New Orleans with numbers nearing a staggering 100,000 members. New Orleans has 480,000 members total. fjrst african baptist church The First African Baptist Church is among the oldest African American church congregation in Louisiana. xavier university The Catholic Church also lends its hand to education with a number of colleges. Xavier University in New Orleans happens to be Catholic and historically black. historically black colleges The future of historically black colleges hangs in the balance due to the effects of Katrina and the low amount of resources available to them. They suffered

ver $1 billion in

damages due to fmood

Many churches in New Orleans are beyond repair. Currently only 49.3% of the archdiocese’s 142 churches will hold services. 72 70 Catholic Churches in New Orleans

Number of Operational Versus Non-Operational Operational Churches Non-Operational

SLIDE 12

Transportation

Transportation plays a huge role in a city. The metropolitan area is served by Louis Armstrong New Orleans. It serves millions of passengers. There are multiple ways of transportation to get there. With buses, streetcars, and trains, there is many ways for people to get around town, without the use of a vehicle. Not many people in the city

wn vehicles, due to the

poverty level that is present in New Orleans.

The Structure of New Orleans

streetcar The streetcars of New Orleans are mainly used by tourists. bus Many people in New Orleans use public transportation, due to the low income

f many in this city.

There are many bus routes that connect the city and the suburban areas. train The city of New Orleans is served by Amtrak. The New Orleans Union Passenger Terminal is the central rail depot. These 3 trains take you to Chicago, New York, and Orlando to Los Angeles.

According to 2000 Census, nearly 1/3 of New Orleans house- holds don’t own a car. This is less than 10 % nationwide.

BLACKS WHITES

Homes without cars

In Terms of Percentage in city

vehicle The small amount of people that owned vehicles in New Orleans tried to evacuate as soon as possible, causing gridlock on the I-10.

35 15

SLIDE 13

Levees

The Louisiana Hurricane Project in the Flood Control Act was authorized in 1965. The project was to construct a series of control structures, levees, to provide hurricane protection to areas around Lake Pontchartrain. Originally expected to take 13 years and cost $85 million. 40 years later and well exceeding the original budget, the levees are still not completed. When Hurricane Katrina hit, the levees were only 60 to 90% complete, and strong enough for a category 3 storm, Katrina was a 4.

The Structure of New Orleans

locations of levees Satellite image of where the levees broke and were people evacuated to. before hurricane Some 320 miles of hurricane-protection levees and fmood walls, laced with a network of canals, partition a city that would otherwise be swallowed by Lake Pontchartrain and the Mississippi River. city fmooded Floodwaters drain

ut of New Orleans’

Lower Ninth Ward through a breach in the Industrial Canal after the storm. reconstruction A military helicopter helps plug a punctured fmood wall with a sandbag in New Orleans.

17 11 8 9 10 16

SLIDE 14

DEMOGRAPHICS

ECONOMIC STATISTICS NEW ORLEANS KATRINA DISASTER 2005

SLIDE 15

DEMOGRAPHICS

POPULATION : deviating stats

NEW ORLEANS KATRINA DISASTER 2005

Percentages of Children (under 18) who live with...

% 9 . 1 1

LOUISIANA FEMALE HOUSEHOLDER [NO HUSBAND]

% 7 . 7 1

NEW ORLEANS

% 4 . 8

USA MARRIED COUPLE USA 24.9% % 8 . 4 1 NEW ORLEANS LOUISIANA 24.3%

444,515

TOTAL POPULATION

SEX

46.85% male 53.15% female $11,332/black $31,971/white NEW ORLEANS LOS ANGELES $16,772/black $29,036/white

PER CAPITA INCOME BY RACE

NEW ORLEANS UNITED STATES

ETHNICITY COMPARISON

28% white 67.9% black 12.2% black 75.6 % white These are a few statistics about the New Orleans population where the averages for the city of New Orleans deviated greatly from the US National Average. Los Angeles is also compared to New Orleans in some to get a good basis for comparison; these statistics also deviated greatly from the US National Average.

POPULATION BORN IN...

state 60%

ther state 17.7%

foreign land 2.1% state 77.4%

ther state 27.7%

foreign land 6.6% NEW ORLEANS UNITED STATES 199 gay male index 134 lesbian index 204 gay male index 130 lesbian index LOS ANGELES NEW ORLEANS

GAY INDEX

US gay index is 100

SLIDE 16

DEMOGRAPHICS

ECONOMIC STATISTICS

28%

f New Orleans population lives in

poverty

51.8% EMPLOYED NEW ORLEANS EMPLOYMENT 59.7% EMPLOYED USA EMPLOYMENT

UNEMPLOYMENT STATISTICS MAJORITY HOUSEHOLD INCOME

Compared to the nation, New Orleans economic statistics fall well bellow the national averages. The unemployment rate in New Orleans is far above the US average and the majority of household income made in New Orleans is five times less than the nation’s average. 28% of New Orleans’ population lives bellow the poverty line; these numbers double the national average. 5.5% UNEMPLOYED NEW ORLEANS UNEMPLOYMENT 3.7% UNEMPLOYED USA EMPLOYMENT $10k NEW ORLEANS $50K to $74K USA NEW ORLEANS KATRINA DISASTER 2005 10 black 23.7% New Orleans FAMILIES LIVING IN POVERTY 10 black 27.9% New Orleans INDIVIDUALS LIVING IN POVERTY

POVERTY STATISTICS

10 black 43.4% New Orleans SINGLE PARENTS LIVING IN POVERTY 10 black 12.4% USA 26.5% USA 9.2% USA

SLIDE 17 This research focuses about the various student bodies in major universities in New Orleans compared with the student profile in couple major schools in Los Angeles. What becomes apparent is that there is a complete “split” in terms of the distribution of the races in one school, where there are predominantly white schools and predominantly black schools in New Orleans. Asian Black White Hispanic Dillard University Loyola University

New Orleans Tulane University Xavier University

Louisiana

DEMOGRAPHICS

STUDENT BODY

NEW ORLEANS KATRINA DISASTER 2005

UCLA CSUN USC CSULB

99% Black 62% White 81 % White 87% Black

SLIDE 18 Black on White homicides White on Black homicides

DEMOGRAPHICS

NEW ORLEANS KATRINA DISASTER 2005

CRIME

Last year, university researchers conducted an experiment where police fired 700 blank rounds in a New Orelans neighborhood in a single afternoon. No one called to report the gunfire 1994 - murders New Orleans reaches historic peak of murders. labeled “Murder Capital” 421 1999 - murders F.B.I. brought to New Orleans to reduce crime murder forcible rape robbery 7.54 X the national average 1.23 X the national average 1.99 X the national average 1.18 X the national average 1.62 X the national average aggravated assault all violent crime White on White homicides black on black homicides 159 2004 - murders

mid august

2005 - murders mid august 265 192 165 N E W O R L E A N S N E W O R L E A N S N E W O R L E A N S N E W O R L E A N S NATIONAL NATIONAL NATIONAL NATIONAL NATIONAL N E W O R L E A N S 45% 48% 5% 3% > New Orleans has a long history of crime and is well known as the “Murder Capital of America” (almost 10 times the national average). > 25% of murderers are convicted. > 42% of all serious crime cases (22,000) since 2002 were dropped. > Because of its poor justice system, lack of crimes being reported due to fear of retaliation, and gang life, crime has not only thrived but increased. > New Orleans was the first city to have F.B.I. brought in. During this time they experienced a dramatic decline in crime. before katrina, projected murders:300

SLIDE 19 Population 20% of the south’s population is black. 33% of Louisiana is black; putting it behind only Mississippi (37%). Black poulations are highly concentrated in urban areas such as New Orleans. 68% of New Orleans is Black. (5th highest percentage in the U.S.) 8.1% of the U.S. population under 18 is black. 3.3% of the U.S. population over age 18 is black. 95 of the 96 counties in the U.S. with black populations over 50% are in the south.

Lifestyle

There are 8.4 million black families in the U.S. The median income for black individuals is 29.5k/yr versus the national average of 43.3k/yr. The poverty rate for blacks is 22.7% (all time low) compared to 7.4% for whites and 21.4% for hispanics. 47% of black house-holders are owners. 72% of black Americans have high school diplomas. 14% of blacks have bachelors degrees.

Health

25% of both black and white Americans smoke cigarettes, while black smokers are 4% more likely to quit. Ebony, Essence and Jet receive higher percentage advertising profjts from cigarette companies than any other magazines in the U.S. Black Americans are 5 times more likely to be infected with HIV than white Americans. The fatality rates for cancer, diabetes and many other health conditions are signifjcantly higher in the black Population.

African-American Cultural Research: Demographics

Hurricane Katrina Mental Health Project UCLA Art | Sci Center Research and analysis of the African American populations concentrating on areas affected by Hurricane Katrina. darker green = higher % black

SLIDE 20 Defjntion of Creole Always a controversial and confusing term, the word Creole, to put it simply, means many things to many people. It derives from the Latin creare, meaning “to beget” or “create.” Creole generally referred to persons

f African or European heritage born

in the New World. By the nineteenth century, black, white, and mixed-race Louisianians used the term to distin- guish themselves from foreign-born and Anglo-American settlers. They occupied a middle ground between whites and enslaved blacks, and as such often possessed property and received formal educations.

Creole Cuisine

Creole or cajun cusine is mixture of cooking techniques from French, Span- ish, Native American and African cultures. Gumbo - The name comes from the African Bantu word for Okra (King Gambo). Okra is used to thicken and fmavor soups with vegetable, meat and seafood ingredients. The Creole food was characterized as city food with a great deal of sophisti- cation, while Cajun was characterized as simple one pot fare.

Origin of Creole Culture

The Flag of Louisiana Creoles repre- sents the cultural melting pot that is the Louisiana Creoles. Creoles are not one thing or the other, and have lived their lives being misun- derstood, misrepresented, and misin- terpreted. Creoles had a strong bond with one another and had to create their own world and culture because of societal rejection. Their popular ethnic music, known as zydeco, is celebrated annually at the Southwest Louisiana Zydeco Festival in Plaisance.

African-American Cultural Research: Creole

Hurricane Katrina Mental Health Project UCLA Art | Sci Center Research and analysis of the African American populations concentrating on areas affected by Hurricane Katrina.

SLIDE 21 Jazz Creole Jazz was born around 1895 in New Orleans. It combined elements

f Ragtime, marching band, and blues

music. Much of the music was spontaneous, which was a radical departure from music of the time. The fjrst Jazz was played by African Americans and Creole musicians in New Orleans. Some of the early Jazz musicans of New Orleans were Buddy Bolden, Fred- die Keppard, Bunk Johnson, and Clar- ence Williams.

Southern Rap

This type of hip hop music emerged in the late 1980’s. Started in Miami and then extended into New Orleans, and

ther southern cities.

Slower, less complex rhyme schemes are the norm for Southern rappers; and the production can veer towards a soul-based sound New Orlean’s, Master P, popularized a bounce bass sound that focused more

n commercial appeal rather than art-

istry. The lyrics are very appealing to the listener as it often portrays the syle of life they hope to attain. Fast cars, big diamonds, mansions, etc.

Blues

Personalized form of music infmuenced from hollers, calls, and the lives of the African America slaves. There was a direct relationship between the national ideological emphasis upon the individual, the popularity of Booker T. Washington’s teachings, and the rise of the Blues. The Blues music gives insight into the changes which took place after slavery ended. George W. Johnson’s recording of “Laughing Song” was the fjrst blues song to be recorded The Blues market in the 20’s and 30’s was purely African American.

African-American Cultural Research: Music

Hurricane Katrina Mental Health Project UCLA Art | Sci Center Research and analysis of the African American populations concentrating on areas affected by Hurricane Katrina. caption here caption here caption here

SLIDE 22 Oral Tradition Storytelling is mentally easier to remember information as sequence

f events than a set of facts

During slavery, served as therapy and expression, later as a means to explain natural phenomena. Eventually took form of parables used as a teaching tool conveying morals, ideals, and cultural values. Folktales, a thread of oral tradition, are customized to fjt a group of people according to what they traditionally say and do.

Expression Through the Arts

Dance - Dancehall events; participation in carnival season, i.e. Mardi Gras and Indian warrior costumes (homage to African identity). Also, Hip-Hop culture as dance style infmuence. Visual Arts - Including, but not limited to, woodcrafts, weaving, graffjti, textiles, etc. Music - Traditional African call-and-response; drumming; Jazz Cooking - Presentation in Creole cuisine considered important; stems from French culinary arts.

Language and Speech

New Orleans has its own dialect with inputs from different communities. Combination of Cajun words and infmections, Creole French, and slang from the early days of jazz. Some accents follow a pattern, while

thers defy convention.

A few examples:

African-American Research: Communication

Hurricane Katrina Mental Health Project UCLA Art | Sci Center Research and analysis of the African American populations concentrating on areas affected by Hurricane Katrina. Cover from famous Creole folktale The Talking Eggs Bourbon St., New Orleans The Queen of the Creole Wild West Mardi Gras Indians

“Where y’at?”
“Awrite”
“Nyoo Ahhlyins”
“Nawln”
“Beignets”
“Cher”

SLIDE 23 Colors The type of material and the way the textile is fabricated often dictates the colors of the fjnal product. Typical colors and their areas of origin: Red: Madagascar (burial cloths) Purple: Morrocco (silk) Indigo: Nigeria Blue: Senegal, Mali. Brown: Central/East Africa (barkcloth) Beige: Congo, Angola (Raphia) All colors: Cote d’Ivoire (tie-dye)

Symbols

African symbols are known as Adrinka (Ghana). Most symbols originate from actual tribal symbols that represent and explain character and natural phenomena. Common symbols and their meaning Diamond:

cycle of life

Adinkrahene:

leadership

Nsoromma:

guardianship

Osram Ne Nsoromma: • love, harmony

Patterns

Similarly to the way color is decided through textile making process, patterns are also decided by the technique of fabrication. Common patterns and their signifjcance Break in pattern: • rebirth

fend off evil

Asymetry:

improvisation

Stripes:

emulate reeds

Curved lines:

fend off evil
African-American Cultural Research: Textiles/Quilts

Hurricane Katrina Mental Health Project UCLA Art | Sci Center Research and analysis of the African American populations concentrating on areas affected by Hurricane Katrina. typical spectrum of colors found in african textiles display of break in pattern in design the circle of life is shown through the diamond symbol

SLIDE 24 church Most African Americans in New Orleans consider themselves part of a Protestant denomination of some sort. Most of these churches trace their orgins back to mistreatments at multi-racial or white congregations and had to separate themselves by starting their own churches

r denominations.

Some of the oldest Churches in New Orleans:

St. Louis Cathedral (est. 1794)
First African Baptist Church (est.

1830s)

St. Augustine Catholic Church (est.

1841)

St. James AME Church (est. 1844)
St. Peter AME Church (est. 1858)

social signifjcance The Church has always been a house of comfort and support for most African

Americans. Pastors and church leaders

serve as important role models to the

community. Furthermore, some churches

also serve as the frontline for civil rights movements. The church is also:

A source of hope in the fjght against

segregation.

A comfortable place for mental health

assistance.

Reducing crime among African

American youths. faith and worship Modern day African American churches have been infmuenced by beliefs similar from the Charismatic Movement, where the emphasis of faith is on personal spiritual experiences. Some of such experiences include:

Prayer
Spiritual empowerment
Personal testimonies
Gospel music: designed to create a

spiritual high and alter ones emotional state

African-American Research: Church and Religion

Hurricane Katrina Mental Health Project UCLA | ART SCI CENTER Research and analysis of the African American populations concentrating on areas affected by hurricane Katrina. African American lady praying while in a shelter African American congregation praying African American churches in New Orleans

SLIDE 25

SLIDE 26

and the waves; build an illustration based on a grid with geometric forms and set colors! print media class fall 2005:

SLIDE 27

SLIDE 28