Energy Storage Technologies for Grid- Connected and Off-Grid Power - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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Energy Storage Technologies for Grid- Connected and Off-Grid Power - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Jan 29, 2024 8 likes •176 views

Energy Storage Technologies for Grid- Connected and Off-Grid Power System Applications By By Faruk Ahmed Bhuiyan Graduate Student Electrical and Computer Engineering Dept., Western University, London, Ontario Supervisor: Professor

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Energy Storage Technologies for Grid- Connected and Off-Grid Power System Applications

By By Faruk Ahmed Bhuiyan Graduate Student Electrical and Computer Engineering Dept., Western University, London, Ontario Supervisor: Professor Amirnaser Yazdani EPEC Conference, October 12, 2012 London, Ontario.

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  • Objectives
  • Types of energy storage technologies
  • Functions/applications of ES in power systems
  • Introduction
  • Characteristics of energy storages technologies
  • Installed energy storages in power system applications
  • Few simplified models of BES
  • Conclusions

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  • Provide information to engineers, academia, industry people,

and non-specialists

  • Facilitate to select the appropriate energy storage (ES)

Objectives

  • Facilitate to select the appropriate energy storage (ES)

technologies

  • Can be used to compare the costs of the energy storage

technologies

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  • Equipment that stores electrical energy in different forms for later use
  • Electricity demand is rarely constant over time
  • Renewable generation is intermittent

Energy Storage?

  • Renewable generation is intermittent
  • Excess generation during low demand period can be stored
  • Stored energy can be converted into electricity during high demand
  • Makes the electricity grid flexible, reliable and efficient

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Types of Storage Technologies

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Types of Energy Storages Based on Discharge Time

High Power/ Rapid Discharge (Seconds to hour) Energy Management (Hours to days)

Short time Medium time Long time

  • Capacitor
  • Supercapacitor
  • SMES
  • Metal air
  • Zebra
  • PHES
  • CAES
  • TES
  • 6
  • FES
  • EVD/V-2-G

Batteries

  • Lead acid
  • Nickel Cadmium
  • Li-Ion
  • NaS
  • Hydrogen & fuel cell

Batteries

  • Flow
  • Lead acid
  • NaS
  • Li-Ion
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SLIDE 7

Functions of Energy Storages in Power System

  • Frequency regulations
  • Spinning reserve
  • Voltage support
  • Flicker compensation
  • LVRT support
  • 7
  • Peak shaving
  • Source leveling
  • Line upgrade deferral
  • Energy trading
  • Renewable power

penetration

  • Black start
  • Increase Reliability

Transmission Distribution Generation End User

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Functions of Energy Storages in Power System

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Mechanical ES

Types Energy density (Wh/kg or Wh/L) Life cycle (cycles or years) Respo nse time Self discharge Cost /kW Cost /kWh Efficiency % PHES 0.3-1.5 >25 yrs min negligible 1000 15-150 70-85 CAES 10-30 >25 yrs min negligible 400-1000 10-100 40-60

Characteristics of Energy Storage Systems

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FES 5-70 >20000 ms very high 600 800-2200 90

Electrical (Electromagnetic or Static) ES

Types Power density (W/kg) Life cycle (cycles/yr) Response time Self discharge Cost /kWh Efficiency % Cap. >1000 >20000 ms very high >10000 75-90 SC >6000 >50000 ms very high >25000 95 SMES >10000 20 yrs ms high >20000 >95

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Electrochemical/ BES Technologies

Types Energy density (Wh/kg) Life cycle (cycles) Response time Self discharge Cost /kW Cost /kWh Efficiency % PbA 20-45 200-2000 sec low >200 <300 70-80 LiI 100-200 500-4000 sec low >300 >1000 70-95

Characteristics of Energy Storage Systems

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NaS 120-240 3000-9000 sec medium >400 400-800 85 NiCd 40-70 500-2000 sec low >200 400-600 60-75 NiMH 60-80 <3000 sec medium >300 600-1600 50-80 M-Air 200-2000 100-400 sec low 100-250 <400 50 NaNiCl 80-125 <3500 sec negligible 200-400 200-600 90 VRB 25 >16000 sec low >400 >500 80 H2 & Fuel 500-3000 >1000 >sec low >1200 <100 40

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Installed Energy Storages In Power System Application

Types Specifications Location Comments

Power (MW)

Energy (MWh) PHES CAES FES 1212 110 20 20 GWh 2860 5 California, USA Alabama, USA New York, USA Load labelling Peak shaving Frequency regulation

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PbA NiCd NaS Li-Ion Zebra VRB ZnBr PSB SMES 10 27 34 12

  • 0.25

1 15

  • 40

14.6 245 5 40 2 4 120 2.5 MJ Chino, CA, USA Alaska, USA Rokkaso, Japan Chile Switzerland Utah, USA Japan USA Korea Load labelling Spinning reserve Peak shaving Grid stability Spinning reserve Voltage support

  • Trans. deferral

Peak shaving Power quality

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Installed Energy Storages

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Li-Ion BES, courtesy: A123 system NaS BES, courtesy: NGK PHES, courtesy: Wiki FESS, courtesy: Beacon

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BES Models

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  • Fig. 1
  • Fig. 2
  • Fig. 3
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BES Models

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Conclusions

  • Various ES technologies, especially BES systems are gaining popularity to use in

grid-connected systems.

  • H2 and fuel cell, and flow batteries are considering for energy management in

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  • ff-grid system
  • NaS and Li-Ion batteries are two emerging BES technologies both for grid

connected and off-grid power systems

  • Research and development efforts on energy storage are focused on reducing

cost, space, and weight; and increasing life-span.

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Thank You

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