Endotoxin and Contaminant Gases in Swine Production Peter C. Raynor - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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Endotoxin and Contaminant Gases in Swine Production Peter C. Raynor - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Feb 23, 2024 102 likes •318 views

Airborne Measurements of Dust, Endotoxin and Contaminant Gases in Swine Production Peter C. Raynor 1 , Darby Murphy 2 , Shannon Engelman 1 , Gurumurthy Ramachandran 1 , Jeff B. Bender 2 , Bruce H. Alexander 1 1 University of Minnesota, School of

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Airborne Measurements of Dust, Endotoxin and Contaminant Gases in Swine Production

Peter C. Raynor1, Darby Murphy2, Shannon Engelman1, Gurumurthy Ramachandran1, Jeff B. Bender2, Bruce H. Alexander1

1University of Minnesota, School of Public Health 2University of Minnesota, College of Veterinary Medicine

AIHce 2015 • Salt Lake City, UT

umash.umn.edu

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Respiratory Health Concerns for Swine Workers

  • Airborne exposures

– Ammonia – Hydrogen sulfide – Dust – Endotoxin

  • Asthma/reactive airway disease

– Induction – Exacerbation

  • Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
  • Susceptibility to infectious diseases

umash.umn.edu

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UMASH Goal Determine how changing production practices and facilities relate to worker health and safety

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Production Systems

http://www.agrinews.com http://brownfieldagnews.com

Gestation Stalls Gestation Pens

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Objectives

Characterize exposure concentrations in gestation housing

  • Compare production systems: pens vs. stalls
  • Look for seasonal differences in Minnesota
  • Compare sow "moving" days vs. "non-moving" days
  • Observe tasks to see effects on concentrations
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Swine Facility at SROC

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Gestation Stalls Gestation Pens Farrowing Finishing

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When did we sample?

One time each month for a year:

  • Simultaneous 8-hour area samples in gestation room

w/ stalls & gestation room w/ pens on "moving" days

  • Simultaneous 8-hour area samples in gestation room

w/ stalls & gestation room w/ pens on "non-moving" days

  • Simultaneous 8-hour area samples in finishing room

w/ dry feed & finishing room w/ wet feed

  • Concentration mapping of main building three times

in one day

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For what did we sample?

  • Ammonia (Gray Wolf, DirectSense Electrochemical

Gas Sensors)

  • Hydrogen sulfide (Gray Wolf, DirectSense

Electrochemical Gas Sensors)

  • Respirable dust (37 mm PVC filters; gravimetric

analysis)

  • Respirable endotoxin (37 mm polycarbonate filters;

LAL kinetic chromogenic analysis)

  • Carbon dioxide (TSI, Q-Trak Models 8552/7575)
  • Temperature (TSI, Q-Trak Models 8552/7575)

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Samplers

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Pens vs. Stalls: Ammonia

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Moving vs. Non-Moving Days not significant Pens 30% higher on average; p = 0.055 Concentration increases during winter

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Pens vs. Stalls: Hydrogen Sulfide

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Pens 5% higher on average; p = 0.81

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Hydrogen Sulfide (Stalls; Non-Moving)

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Pens vs. Stalls: Respirable Dust

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Pens 43% higher on average; p = 0.023

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Pens vs. Stalls: Respirable Endotoxin

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Pens 67% higher on average; p = 0.00027

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Combined Exposures

  • Inhalation of ammonia, hydrogen sulfide, and

endotoxin have similar effects on respiratory system

  • A way to combine the concentrations:
  • If Hazard Index > 1, concern warranted

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Hazard Index = Avg NH3 Conc 8−hr NH3 TLV + Avg H2S Conc 8−hr H2S TLV + Endotoxin Conc DECOS HBROEL Hazard Index = Avg NH3 Conc 25 ppm + Avg H2S Conc 1 ppm + Endotoxin Conc 90 EU/m3

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Pens vs. Stalls: Hazard Index

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Pens vs. Stalls: Carbon Dioxide

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Pens vs. Stalls: Temperature

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Summary

  • Season dominates most of the other factors due to ventilation
  • Concentrations in pens higher, on average, with varying

significance

  • No significant difference between moving/non-moving days
  • Endotoxin levels are high in winter; other agents below OELs
  • Effects of combined exposures worth further consideration
  • One site in Minnesota: how generalizable?
  • Further characterization of exposures during power washing is

warranted

  • Heat stress is a concern for workers as well as pigs
  • Could these air pollutants affect swine growth or productivity?

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Acknowledgements

  • Staff of Southern Research and Outreach

Center (SROC)

  • Dr. Sam Baidoo, University of Minnesota &

SROC

  • UMASH funded by NIOSH Cooperative

Agreement: U54 OH010170

umash.umn.edu