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Dec 18, 2023 467 likes •748 views

Plastic waste Plastic waste: : between between addiction, addiction, thr threat eat and and miracle solutions, miracle solutions, a range of a range of complementary complementary knowledge-based knowledge-based actions ar actions

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Nathalie GONTARD RD DR R INRA RA

10 10e e édi édition

des s re rendez-vous d de l' l'emba mballa llage d de l' l'ITEG ITEGA- Mo Montréal, Av Avril 2 201 019

1950 – Today- 2050

Plastic Plastic waste waste: : between between addiction, addiction, thr threat eat and and miracle solutions, miracle solutions, a range of a range of complementary complementary knowledge-based knowledge-based actions ar actions are e emer emerging ging

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1950 - Today

SLIDE 3 “What is the use of a fine house if you haven't got a tolerable planet to put it on.” Thoreau (1817-1862) Global warming GHG Major contamination Fine Particles Energy Fertilizer Plastic Food Well Being Emission + accumulation Safety Nathalie GONTARD

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Petrochemical plastic

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Plastic production

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1953 PE and PP synthesized in Germany and Italy 1963 Nobel prize for catalyzers of plastic polymerization 1977 PET enters the market

Key plastics dates

SLIDE 7 Agriculture Consummer Processing, storage, transport, marketing, consumption..

Plastics

become key actors of food consumption

SLIDE 8 Vegetal leaves are active, intelligent, bio-sourced and biodegradable

Plastics

are replacing vegetal leaves as food packaging in Africa, South America & Asia

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1950-2015

7800 Mt. total resins & fibers manufactured (3900 in the last 13 years) 6300 Mt plastic waste (12% incinerated , 9%recycled / 1% recycled > once) 4900 Mt (60% of plastics produced) in landfills and environment.

Plastics

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Today

Ø 60 kg plastic/pers/year in average (>100 kg plastic/pers/year in the richest countries Ø 50 years old: you have produced 3 tons of plastic waste that will last 2 or 3 times longer than you, heritage to your children, grand children and beyond Ø 15 tons of plastics waste is available for you only in your environment whether you would be able to recycle

SLIDE 11 Regeneration INPUTS Raw materials

TIME SCALE Millions years

Degradation

Plastic = linear system

Resources regeneration time >>> human consumption time scale = accumulation

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Ishigaki Island, Hokinawa, Japan, march 2018. Food (40%) and agriculture (5%) represent the largest plastic consumption sector and >75% of uncollectable and dispersed plastic in our environment

SLIDE 13 Incineration (14%) Landfill (40%) Leakage (32%) Oil (fossil) Closed–loop Recycling (PET) = 2% Organic

food

Accumulation = 72% Biodegradation Bio-mass Food crops Production Resources Food Usage Waste Fertilizer Persistent Plastic Petro-based Packaging Food Packaging Open–loop Recycling = 8 %

Where we are now - Today

Environmental accumulation of persistent oil-sourced wastes Global flow of food & packaging

CO2

SLIDE 14 INPUTS Raw materials Plastic degradation & diffusion It takes between 100 and 200 years to be degraded into micro and nano-particles

Plastic = linear system

Resources regeneration time >>>>>> human consumption time scale = accumulation Plastic micro-particules were detected in tap water, honey, seafood & many foods Nano-particles have the ability to cross

rgans barriers, accumulate and lead to

dysfunctions.

SLIDE 15 Oil (fossil) Organic

food

Biodegradation Bio-mass Food crops Production Resources Food Usage Waste Fertilizer Persistent Plastic Petro-based Packaging Food Packaging Open–loop Recycling (higher %) Closed–loop Recycling Re-use Collecting Sorting

Global flow of food & packaging

Incineration Landfill (lower %) Leakage (lower %)

CO2

Where we are planning to go - 2030

Recycling and bio-sourced efforts

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What about recycling? 12% open loop recycling

Process to produce another good that is not recyclable anymore = down cycling delayed waste accumulation PET fibers Virgin PET INPUTS Raw Materials Exhaustion OUPUTS Waste Accumulation

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2050

SLIDE 19 0 landfill 0 leakage ε incineration Closed–loop Recycling Composting Nutrients Fertilizers Raw materials ε Biogas Production Resources Usage Waste Up-cycling (bio-conversion, anaerobic digestion) Persistent plastic Organic

Food
Biopackaging

Petro-based Food crops Bio-waste Food Packaging Food Packaging Re-use Oil (fossil) Bio-mass

Where we need to go - 2050

Bio-waste up-cycling efforts toward a circular bio-economy

Global flow of food & packaging

SLIDE 20 INPUTS

Closed loop system : rapid enough regeneration for an unlimited number of times

∞

Theoretically Bio-Economy is circular as all biological resources can be regenerated endlessly Unless consumption rate > regeneration time

SLIDE 21 “What is the use of a fine house if you haven't got a tolerable planet to put it on.” Thoreau (1817-1862) Global warming GHG Major contamination Fine Particles Energy Fertilizer Plastic Food Well Being Emission + accumulation Safety Nathalie GONTARD Residues 50% by weight

PHA is bio3

Bio-sourcé NA Bio-produit Bio-dégradable Biodegradation Photosynthesis

PHA

Bio-residues refinery Agricultural & urban Bio-energy & fertilizers

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INRA coordinates, and participates to, European initiatives around PHA

Pack4Fresh

2010 2015 2020 2025 2005

SLIDE 23 Euro-Chinese NoAW H2020 : agricultural residue refinery centred around AD and PHA production Biomethane Local agro-wastes (winery residues, manure, straw etc. ) Microbial-convers° Microbial electrolysis cells Others chemicals Bioethanol biohythane Bio-polymers Biochar Enzymatic, physical & chemical deconstruct° Mesophilic 1 step Thermophilic 2 steps Pre-treatments Bi-functionalizat° Photo-conversion & VFA-rich liquid effluent ANAEROBIC DIGESTION Functionalisation Polymerisation Formulation Structuration Building blocks Lignocell fillers Composites Mat. AD digestate Bio-oil Syngas Biogas Thermal / bioconvers° Feedstock - ressource Full-scale benchmark Pilot-scale emerging advances Lab-scale novel processes Innovative end-products Conventional end-products

SLIDE 24 mauro.majone@uniroma1.it Web site: www.resurbis.eu

= Towards integrated processes

PHA production from urban organic waste

SLIDE 25 Up-cycling (bio-conversion, anaerobic digestion) Composting Nutrients ◉ its source ◉ its usage benefit & safety ◉ its end of life The Next Generation of plastic substitute is an eco-efficient safe material for Non food renewable resources Tailored properties Naturally biodegradable Modified Atmosphere Packaging 0 landfill 0 leakage 25

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GLOPACK

The packaging sustainability indicator Raw material

rigin

Food losses reduction Material end

f life

A+ A B C D E A+ B B

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Thank you for your attention