Electronics for Gas Detectors Sorin Martoiu, CERN Electronics for - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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Electronics for Gas Detectors Sorin Martoiu, CERN Electronics for Gas Detectors/RD51 03/02/2014 Electronics School, Sorin.Martoiu@cern.ch 1 Electronics for Gas Detectors IONIZATION DRIFT MULTIPLICATION READOUT AMPLIFICATION PROCESSING

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SLIDE 1

03/02/2014 Electronics for Gas Detectors/RD51 Electronics School, Sorin.Martoiu@cern.ch 1

Electronics for Gas Detectors

Sorin Martoiu, CERN

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SLIDE 2

03/02/2014 2

IONIZATION DRIFT MULTIPLICATION READOUT AMPLIFICATION PROCESSING FEATURE EXTRACTION EVENT CORRELATION

03/02/2014 Electronics for Gas Detectors/RD51 Electronics School, Sorin.Martoiu@cern.ch 2

Electronics for Gas Detectors

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SLIDE 3

Electronics for Gas Detectors

signal range = 10 .. 1000 ke-

signal width = 5 .. 200ns

negative or positive polarity

…

Low noise (0.1 ~ 1 ke)

High channel count (up to millions of ch)

Discharge protection

Radiation hardness

Rate capability

Efficiency

Data Bandwidth

Spatial resolution

Temporal resolution

Energy resolution

03/02/2014 Electronics for Gas Detectors, Sorin.Martoiu@cern.ch 3 03/02/2014 Electronics for Gas Detectors/RD51 Electronics School, Sorin.Martoiu@cern.ch 3

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03/02/2014 Electronics for Gas Detectors/RD51 Electronics School, Sorin.Martoiu@cern.ch 4

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SLIDE 5

mesh strip strip strip

h L W C

 

~ 0.1..1 pF/cm

Parasitic Capacitances

03/02/2014 Electronics for Gas Detectors/RD51 Electronics School, Sorin.Martoiu@cern.ch 5

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SLIDE 6

Noise

03/02/2014 Electronics for Gas Detectors/RD51 Electronics School, Sorin.Martoiu@cern.ch 6

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SLIDE 7

Noise Optimization

03/02/2014 Electronics for Gas Detectors/RD51 Electronics School, Sorin.Martoiu@cern.ch 7

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SLIDE 8

MOS Preamplifier Example

2 2 2 2

) ( ) (

g D f f S g D w w S i n

C C A S C C A S A i ENC       

DS

  • x

m

I L W C g  2 

Bias resistor + bleeder … MOS transconductance Technology parameters Shaper coefficients Power consumption

03/02/2014 Electronics for Gas Detectors/RD51 Electronics School, Sorin.Martoiu@cern.ch 8

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SLIDE 9

0.0 100.0 200.0 300.0 400.0 500.0 600.0 700.0 800.0 900.0 000E+0 50E-9 100E-9 150E-9 200E-9 ENC ts

ENC vs. Ts (W/L = 2.37m/0.4u; Id = 2m; Cd = 20pF)

ENCi ENCw ENCf ENC 0.0 100.0 200.0 300.0 400.0 500.0 600.0 700.0 800.0 900.0 1000.0 000.E+0 10.E-12 20.E-12 30.E-12 40.E-12 ENC Cd

ENC vs. Cd (W/L = 2.37m/0.4u; Id = 2mA)

ENCi ENCw ENCf ENC

shaping time detector capacitance Current Noise White Noise 1/f Noise

2 2 2 2

) ( ) (

g D f f S g D w w S i n

C C A S C C A S A i ENC       

m w

g KT S 3 8 

DS

  • x

m

I L W C g  2 

* TSMC 0.35um data from the web

Noise increases with detector capacitance

03/02/2014 Electronics for Gas Detectors/RD51 Electronics School, Sorin.Martoiu@cern.ch 9

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SLIDE 10

200.0 400.0 600.0 800.0 1000.0 1200.0 1400.0 000.0E+0 50.0E-9 100.0E-9 150.0E-9 200.0E-9 ENC Ts Cd = 10pF Cd = 20pF Cd = 40pF 300.0 400.0 500.0 600.0 700.0 800.0 900.0 1000.0 1100.0 000.0E+0 50.0E-9 100.0E-9 150.0E-9 200.0E-9 ENC ts

ENC vs. Id & Ts (W/L = 2.37m/0.4u; Cd = 20pF)

Id = 1mA Id = 2 mA Id = 3mA

shaping time detector capacitance Current Noise White Noise 1/f Noise

2 2 2 2

) ( ) (

g D f f S g D w w S i n

C C A S C C A S A i ENC       

m w

g KT S 3 8 

DS

  • x

m

I L W C g  2 

* TSMC 0.35um data from the web

  • variable shaping: 50 … 300 ns

Noise decreases with power

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SLIDE 11

Sensitivity vs. Efficiency

Sensitivity Efficiency

Detector Capaci- tance Electronic Noise Shaping Time Rate Capability Detector Segmenta

  • tion

shaping time detector capacitance Current Noise White Noise 1/f Noise

2 2 2 2

) ( ) (

g D f f S g D w w S i n

C C A S C C A S A i ENC       

Spatial Resolution

03/02/2014 Electronics for Gas Detectors/RD51 Electronics School, Sorin.Martoiu@cern.ch 11

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SLIDE 12

Sensitivity vs. Power

Sensitivity Power

Detector Capaci- tance Electroni c Noise Power Consum p-tion Detector Segment a-tion

2 2 2 2

) ( ) (

g D f f S g D w w S i n

C C A S C C A S A i ENC       

detector capacitance

m w

g KT S 3 8 

DS

  • x

m

I L W C g  2 

03/02/2014 Electronics for Gas Detectors/RD51 Electronics School, Sorin.Martoiu@cern.ch 12

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SLIDE 13

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How do I readout all channels?

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Front-End Architecture

 Waveform sampling  Self-triggered channel

Preamp Shaper

Signal processing

+

ADC

Pipeline

  • ther channels
  • ther channels

ADC

Preamp Hit detection Feature extraction

Shaper 2 Shaper 1

Timestamp Feature 1 Feature 2

Memory RAM/ Analog

  • ther channels

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03/02/2014 Electronics for Gas Detectors/RD51 Electronics School, Sorin.Martoiu@cern.ch 15

APV25

 Waveform sampling

pream p shaper APS P S/H inverter pipeline M U X gain 128:1 M U X D ifferential current

  • utput am

p

192 time-samples 50ns – 160ns* analog serializer Preamp Shaper

(Analog) Signal Processing

+

ADC

Pipeline

  • ther channels
  • ther channels
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SLIDE 16

03/02/2014 Electronics for Gas Detectors/RD51 Electronics School, Sorin.Martoiu@cern.ch 16

APV25

pream p shaper APS P S/H inverter pipeline M U X gain 128:1 M U X D ifferential current

  • utput am

p

192 time-samples/max 30 readout 50ns – 160ns* analog serializer 25ns x 128ch 3.5us

Max rate(th) = 280kHz / nr_samples

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SLIDE 17

APV Analog Serial Frame

sync pulses headers Analogue data (128 channel samples)

03/02/2014 Electronics for Gas Detectors/RD51 Electronics School, Sorin.Martoiu@cern.ch 17

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What front-end do I choose?

A little more data bandwidth if I use more

  • utputs in parallel …
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03/02/2014 Electronics for Gas Detectors/RD51 Electronics School, Sorin.Martoiu@cern.ch 19

BEETLE

4x outputs (A/D) (more bandwidth) Fast-OR output for triggering 160 time-samples max 16 samples readout

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03/02/2014 Electronics for Gas Detectors/RD51 Electronics School, Sorin.Martoiu@cern.ch 20

What front-end do I choose?

How can I go faster? Is ADC resolution really necessary for my application

  • r I can live with just one bit?

 Ex. Tracking detectors

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03/02/2014 Electronics for Gas Detectors/RD51 Electronics School, Sorin.Martoiu@cern.ch 21

VFAT – Binary readout

256 samples 128 events

  • No more analog information
  • Faster readout
  • More bandwidth
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What front-end do I choose?

What do I do if I have very high events rates?

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VMM (BNL)

ADC

Preamp Hit detection Feature extraction

Shaper 2 Shaper 1

Timestamp Feature 1 Feature 2

Memory RAM/ Analog

  • ther channels

?

  • Data driven system
  • No sampling clock
  • Self triggered
  • Natural zero-suppression
  • Feature extraction
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SLIDE 24

Other

 Pixel readout - TIMEPIX

03/02/2014 Electronics for Gas Detectors/RD51 Electronics School, Sorin.Martoiu@cern.ch 24

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SLIDE 25

SRS Hybrids

HDMI connector Power LDOs

Discharge protection

Front-End Chip

Standard RD51 sensor connector

standard RD51 connector

discharge protection

micro-HDMI

clk & trg

data links

dcs (I2C)

industry-ready design

purchase through CERN store

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SRS Hybrids – Discharge Protection

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SRS Hybrids – Discharge Protection

Samtec MMCX coax connector

GND connection (< 2mohm)

middle pin can be used for power

mechanical connection

03/02/2014 Electronics for Gas Detectors/RD51 Electronics School, Sorin.Martoiu@cern.ch 27

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SLIDE 28

New Hybrids

 BEETLE Hybrid  VFAT2 Hybrid

Optional stacking conn. for cable-less connection

Power option via MMCX connectors

First prototypes foreseen for Aug-Sep 2012

Rad-tol CPLD

Comparator OR/MUX

Clk & Trg decode

Work in progress

03/02/2014 Electronics for Gas Detectors/RD51 Electronics School, Sorin.Martoiu@cern.ch 28

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SLIDE 29

Scalability Concept System Size (small)

FE ASIC FE ASIC

Front-end Adapter Card (FEC)

DETECTOR 1Gb Ethernet FE ASIC

  • n-detector
  • ff-detector

Chip-link (HDMI, fiber, …)

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SLIDE 30

Scalability Concept System Size (medium)

Muon Tomography (Florida) MAMMA Beamtest (CERN)

Front-end Adapter Card (FEC)

FE ASIC FE ASIC FE ASIC FE ASIC

Front-end Adapter Card (FEC)

DETECTOR

Network Switch

1Gb Ethernet

  • n-detector
  • ff-detector

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SLIDE 31

Scalability Concept System Size (large)

Scalable Readout Unit (SRU)

FE ASIC

Front-end Adapter Card (FEC)

FE ASIC FE ASIC FE ASIC FE ASIC

Front-end Adapter Card (FEC)

FE ASIC

Front-end Adapter Card (FEC)

DETECTOR

Eurocrate

1/10/40.. Gb Ethernet (opt. DDL/S-Link/…)

  • n-detector
  • ff-detector

DTC Link (Data,Trigger&Control)

ATCA-SRS

03/02/2014 Electronics for Gas Detectors/RD51 Electronics School, Sorin.Martoiu@cern.ch 31

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SLIDE 32

Scalability Concept Application

Scalable Readout Unit (SRU) FE ASIC 1

Front-end Card (FEC)

FE ASIC 2 FE ASIC 2 FE ASIC 3 FE ASIC 3

Front-end Card (FEC)

FE ASIC 1

Front-end Card (FEC) Front-end Adapter Card 1 Front-end Adapter Card 2 Front-end Adapter Card 3

DETECTOR 1 DETECTOR 2

Eurocrate

  • n-detector
  • ff-detector

Front-end (FPGA) card

Adapter Card

  • ADC / digital / optical /…

03/02/2014 Electronics for Gas Detectors/RD51 Electronics School, Sorin.Martoiu@cern.ch 32

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SLIDE 33

SRS – Digital Processing

Ethernet Core DTC Link

Clock Unit Test & Init

SC Core Data path

SC BUS

Monitoring System SC

App Slow Control Readout Control FE Card Interface Data Processor Packet Builder

Application Layer (Reconfigurable partition*) System Layer (Fixed partition)

Ethernet Core DTC Link

Clock Unit Test & Init

SC Core Data path

SC BUS

Monitoring System SC

App Slow Control Readout Control FE Card Interface Data Processor Packet Builder Ethernet Core DTC Link

Clock Unit Test & Init

SC Core Data path

SC BUS

Monitoring System SC

App Slow Control Readout Control FE Card Interface Data Processor Packet Builder

Application Layer (Reconfigurable partition*) System Layer (Fixed partition)

  • Signal processing
  • Zero-suppression
  • Feature extraction
  • Packet/Event builder

03/02/2014 Electronics for Gas Detectors/RD51 Electronics School, Sorin.Martoiu@cern.ch 33

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SLIDE 34

SRS Overview

Chip Carriers Singl e Maste r Slave

On-detector front-end hybrids

  • APV25
  • VFAT
  • BEETLE
  • …

Front-end adapter (FE-specific)

  • ADC card
  • digital FE card (VFAT)
  • GBT receiver
  • …

Front-end FPGA card (SRS standard) modular firmware:

  • SRS control
  • application specific

DTC GbE

to DAQ (small/ medium size system) to SRU (large-size system) Chip-links

  • HDMI
  • analog (APV/Beetle)
  • digital (VFAT/Beetle)
  • optical (GBT. …)
  • …

03/02/2014 Electronics for Gas Detectors/RD51 Electronics School, Sorin.Martoiu@cern.ch 34

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SLIDE 35

03/02/2014 Electronics for Gas Detectors/RD51 Electronics School, Sorin.Martoiu@cern.ch 35

Thank you!