EGSA 2006 EGSA 2006 Fall Technical Fall Technical and Marketing and Marketing Conference Conference
Extending the Extending the Runtime of Stand- -by by Runtime of Stand Diesel Generators Diesel Generators Using Natural Gas Using Natural Gas
Stand- -by Diesel Generators by Diesel Generators Stand Allow for brief periods of Allow for brief periods of continuous operation continuous operation Limited by size of diesel fuel Limited by size of diesel fuel storage tanks storage tanks Designed for intermittent power Designed for intermittent power losses losses
Stand- -by Diesel Generators by Diesel Generators Stand Utility diminished during extended Utility diminished during extended power failures power failures � Duration of Duration of � outage can outage can exceed capacity exceed capacity of fuel storage of fuel storage tank tank
Fuel Storage Limitations Fuel Storage Limitations Cost of additional storage Cost of additional storage Space availability Space availability Diesel fuel maintenance Diesel fuel maintenance Permitting/code restrictions Permitting/code restrictions Environmental liabilities Environmental liabilities
Fuel Storage Tanks Fuel Storage Tanks Large tanks needed Large tanks needed to increase runtime to increase runtime beyond typical 24 to beyond typical 24 to 48 hours 48 hours Complex spill- - Complex spill containment and containment and monitoring systems monitoring systems Increased cost and Increased cost and space requirements space requirements
Fuel Storage Maintenance Fuel Storage Maintenance Long term storage issues Long term storage issues Low fuel turnover Low fuel turnover Diesel can become contaminated Diesel can become contaminated � Water Water � � Algae Algae � � Other biological contaminants Other biological contaminants �
Fuel Storage Maintenance Fuel Storage Maintenance Larger capacity systems need more Larger capacity systems need more intensive programs intensive programs Cost of re- -conditioning or replacing conditioning or replacing Cost of re fuel can be significant fuel can be significant Contaminated fuel may damage Contaminated fuel may damage engine engine
Permitting Issues Permitting Issues Restrict location Restrict location Deny permit for storage above a Deny permit for storage above a maximum limit maximum limit � Fire safety concerns Fire safety concerns � � Possible contamination of ground Possible contamination of ground- - � water and/or nearby lakes, rivers, water and/or nearby lakes, rivers, shorelines, etc. shorelines, etc.
Liability Issues Liability Issues Liability for environmental Liability for environmental contamination resulting from an contamination resulting from an accidental spill accidental spill � More fuel = more liability More fuel = more liability � Minimize onsite storage capacity to Minimize onsite storage capacity to decrease liability exposure decrease liability exposure
Runtime vs. Fuel Storage Runtime vs. Fuel Storage Example: Generic 500 kilowatt diesel Example: Generic 500 kilowatt diesel generator with a 500 gallon fuel generator with a 500 gallon fuel storage tank storage tank Fuel rates at 50%, 75% & 100% load Fuel rates at 50%, 75% & 100% load Fuel rapidly exhausted at and above Fuel rapidly exhausted at and above 50% load 50% load
500 kWe kWe Generator Generator 500 500 Gallons of Diesel Storage 500 Gallons of Diesel Storage Diesel Consumption Load % Kilowatts Diesel Consumption Run Time Load % Kilowatts Run Time 50% 250 kWe kWe 23.7 gph gph 21.0 hrs 50% 250 23.7 21.0 hrs 75% 375 kWe kWe 28.5 gph gph 17.5 hrs 75% 375 28.5 17.5 hrs 100% 500 kWe kWe 37.5 gph gph 13.3 hrs 100% 500 37.5 13.3 hrs
Runtime vs. Fuel Storage Runtime vs. Fuel Storage Larger generators typically have Larger generators typically have larger quantities of fuel stored onsite larger quantities of fuel stored onsite Additional capacity offset by higher Additional capacity offset by higher rates of consumption rates of consumption Example: 1500 kilowatt generator Example: 1500 kilowatt generator with a 2000 gallon diesel storage tank with a 2000 gallon diesel storage tank
1500 kWe kWe Generator Generator 1500 2000 Gallons of Diesel Fuel 2000 Gallons of Diesel Fuel Diesel Consumption Load % Kilowatts Diesel Consumption Run Time Load % Kilowatts Run Time 50% 750 kWe kWe 58.1 gph gph 34.0 hrs 50% 750 58.1 34.0 hrs 75% 1125 kWe kWe 82.1 gph gph 24.0 hrs 75% 1125 82.1 24.0 hrs 100% 1500 kWe kWe 104.8 gph gph 19.0 hrs 100% 1500 104.8 19.0 hrs
Fuel Delivery Issues Fuel Delivery Issues Damaged roads and infra- -structure structure Damaged roads and infra (natural disasters) (natural disasters) Short Supply Short Supply Fuel delivery priorities Fuel delivery priorities Stranding of diesel fuel at supply Stranding of diesel fuel at supply depots depots
Fuel Delivery Issues Fuel Delivery Issues � Delivery delayed Delivery delayed � for hours or days for hours or days after a natural after a natural disaster disaster Prevents refueling of storage tanks in Prevents refueling of storage tanks in time to prevent loss of emergency time to prevent loss of emergency power power
Fuel Delivery Issues Fuel Delivery Issues Deliveries often resume on a priority Deliveries often resume on a priority basis: basis: � Local, state and federal agencies Local, state and federal agencies � � Hospitals Hospitals � � Other critical facilities Other critical facilities �
Fuel Delivery Issues Fuel Delivery Issues Longer outages can result in Longer outages can result in interruption of deliveries: interruption of deliveries: � Limited run time of stand Limited run time of stand- -by generators by generators � at fuel depots at fuel depots � Delivery companies unable to pump fuel Delivery companies unable to pump fuel � into trucks into trucks
Options for Extending Runtime Options for Extending Runtime Decrease generator load Decrease generator load � Shed non Shed non- -critical load critical load � Reduced rate of consumption Reduced rate of consumption Increase total runtime Increase total runtime Remaining critical loads Remaining critical loads � Rapid drawdown during extended Rapid drawdown during extended � emergency emergency
Options for Extending Runtime Options for Extending Runtime Augment onsite diesel supply with a Augment onsite diesel supply with a secondary fuel that : secondary fuel that : � does not require storage or delivery does not require storage or delivery � � can be readily used for combustion in can be readily used for combustion in � the generator’ ’s diesel engine s diesel engine the generator
Natural Gas Natural Gas Widely available Widely available Transmission and distribution Transmission and distribution independent of grid independent of grid Infrastructure resistant to natural Infrastructure resistant to natural disasters disasters “Unlimited Unlimited” ” supply supply “
Dual Fuel Dual Fuel Using Natural Gas with Diesel Engines Using Natural Gas with Diesel Engines Not commonly used in stand- -by by Not commonly used in stand power applications power applications Available for decades Available for decades Diesel fuel / natural gas mixture Diesel fuel / natural gas mixture � Over 90% natural gas Over 90% natural gas � � Enough diesel fuel for ignition only Enough diesel fuel for ignition only � 100% diesel fuel when needed 100% diesel fuel when needed
Dual Fuel Engines Dual Fuel Engines
Dual Fuel Dual Fuel Using Natural Gas with Diesel Engines Using Natural Gas with Diesel Engines Typically not used for emergency Typically not used for emergency stand- -by service by service stand � High acquisition cost High acquisition cost � � Limited production Limited production � Prime power and marine sector Prime power and marine sector success success
The Bi- -Fuel Fuel Option Option The Bi Initially used for prime power and Initially used for prime power and peak shaving applications peak shaving applications Now being used in the stand- -by by Now being used in the stand market market Maximize generator runtime Maximize generator runtime OEM’ ’s offer kits s offer kits OEM
The Bi- -Fuel Fuel Option Option The Bi Pipeline supplied natural gas Pipeline supplied natural gas No engine modification No engine modification No reduction of power output No reduction of power output 50% to 75% less diesel consumed 50% to 75% less diesel consumed Generator can operate on 100% Generator can operate on 100% diesel if required diesel if required
Installation and Operation Installation and Operation Installation of low pressure gas line Installation of low pressure gas line close to generator close to generator “Gas Train Gas Train” ” reduces pressure reduces pressure “ Air/gas mixer supplies natural gas to Air/gas mixer supplies natural gas to engine engine � Installed upstream of turbocharger Installed upstream of turbocharger � air- -inlet inlet air
Recommend
More recommend
