Effect of Elevated CO 2 on Biology of Brown Planthopper, Nilaparvata - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Effect of Elevated CO2 on Biology of Brown Planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens

Indian Institute of Rice Research, Rajendranagar,Hyderabad

Presented by K.Chiranjeevi Senior Research fellow

 Global average temperature increased by 0.6oC in 20th century while CO2 reached upto 380ppm till date. By the end of 21st century the global average temperature is projected to increase by 1.4-7.5oC and CO2 level to 560ppm, if the anthropogenic activities continue at the same speed (IPCC, 2007).  Brown Planthopper (BPH), Nilaparvata lugens Stal, is one such pest in rice known for its seasonal migration and r strategy pattern of life.

Introduction

Eggs Nymphs Adults

BPH Life cycle

Hopper burn caused by BPH

 Both nymphs and adults of the hopper suck the sap from phloem resulting in wilting and drying up of the rice plant and known as “Hopper burn”  Adults- Long winged Macroptery and short winged Brachypterous form  It also acts as the vector of Rice Grassy Stunt (Rivera et al. 1966) and Ragged Stunt Viruses (Ling et al. 1978).

Objectives

• 1. Effect of temperature and elevated CO2 on

the biology of BPH viz., development, longevity and fecundity in 5th and 13th generations. generations.

• 2. Feeding Behavior

Materials and Methods

BPH populations rearing on flexi glass cages

CO2 treatments: 1.Elevated CO2 @550ppm with temperature control(28.0±0.3)0C,RH(70±5%)

• 2. Elevated CO @550ppm without temperature

Three BPH populations- West Godavari, Punjab and Nalgonda Japanese method of rearing was followed for mass rearing Effect of elevated CO2 on Biology, feeding rate was assessed  biology of BPH was studied in 5 and 13th generations. One 1st instar nymph was released in each test tube (25x200cm) on 15 days old TN1 plant and added with Hoagland solution. 40 replications were used Feeding was measured as amount of honeydew secreted by five 3rd instar nymphs during 24h of feeding on TN1

biology study

Honeydew experiment set up



• 2. Elevated CO2 @550ppm without temperature

control(31.0±0.3)0C,RH(63±5%)

• 3. Ambient CO2 @380ppm and temperature

(28.0±0.3)0C,RH(70±5%)

12.5 13 13.5 14 14.5 15 15.5 16 16.5 17 17.5 WG PNJ NLG

Nymphal duration(days) Nymphal duration (5th gen)

2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 WG PNJ NLG

Nymphal Duration (13th gen) Nymphal duration (days)

Results:

Elevated CO2 vs. Biology of BPH

eCO2+aT eCO2+eT aCO2+aT eco2+aT eco2+eT aco2+aT

5th generation: Prolonged nymphal duration was observed at eCO2+aT compare to eCO2+eT and aCO2+ aT in Punjab and Nalgonda BPH whereas in West Godavari BPH, nymphal duration had not shown significant difference between three CO2 levels. 13th generation: Prolonged nymphal duration was observed at eCO2+aT compare to eCO2+ eT and aCO2+ aT in all BPH populations, Nymphal duration of West Godavari, Punjab and Nalgonda BPH at eCO2+aT was 15.9 ±0.2, 16.2±0.2, 16.1±0.2 days respectively

5.6 5.8 6 6.2 6.4 6.6 6.8 7 7.2 7.4

eco2+aT eco2+eT aco2+aT

West Godavari BPH- 5th gen.

female longevity

longevity (days)

2 4 6 8 10 12 14 eco2+aT eco2+eT aco2+aT Punjab BPH- 5th gen. female longevity

longevity (days)

Elevated CO2 vs Female longevity (5th gen.)

eco2+aT eco2+eT aco2+aT

2 4 6 8 10 12

eco2+aT eco2+eT aco2+aT Nalgonda BPH- 5th gen.

female longevity

longevity (days)

West Godavari BPH -Female longevity had not shown significant difference at elevated co2 levels Higher longevity noticed at eCO2+aT In Punjab & Nalgonda populations

7 8 9 10

eco2+aT eco2+eT aco2+aT West Godavari BPH- 5th gen.

male longevity

longevity(days)

2 4 6 8 10 12 14

eco2+aT eco2+eT aco2+aT Punjab BPH- 5th gen.

male longevity

longevity (days)

Elevated CO2 vs Male longevity (5th gen.)

2 4 6 8 10 12 14

eco2+aT eco2+eT aco2+aT Nalgonda BPH- 5th gen.

male longevity

longevity(days)

Longevity of males in West Godavari BPH had not shown much difference at three CO2 levels whereas, in Punajb BPH it was observed that males were survived more at eCO2+ eT (12.5±1.6 d) while in Nalgonda BPH 5th gen. Longevity of males reduced at aCO2+aT in West Godavari & Nalgonda BPH Punjab BPH it was observed that males were survived more at eCO2+ eT (12.5±1.6 d)

5 10 15 20 25

eco2+aT eco2+eT aco2+aT

female longevity

West Godavari BPH-13th gen.

female longevity (days)

2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18

eco2+aT eco2+eT aco2+aT Punjab BPH-13th gen.

female longevity

Female longevity (days)

Elevated CO2 vs Female longevity (13th gen.)

5 10 15

eco2+aT eco2+eT aco2+aT Nalgonda BPH-13th gen.

female longevity

female longevity (days)

13th gen Longevity of females were higher at eCO2+aT in three BPH populations. West Godavari, Punjab & Nalgonda

2 4 6 8 10 12 14

eco2+aT eco2+eT aco2+aT West Godavari BPH-13th gen.

male longevity

Male longevity (days)

8.8 9 9.2 9.4 9.6 9.8 10

eco2+aT eco2+eT aco2+aT Punjab BPH-13th gen.

male longevity

Male longevity (days)

Elevated CO2 vs Male longevity (13th gen.)

eco2+aT eco2+eT aco2+aT

9 9.5 10 10.5 11 11.5

eco2+aT eco2+eT aco2+aT Nalgonda BPH-13th gen.

male longevity

Male longevity (days)

13th gen

Longevity

• f

males were higher at eCO2+eT in West Godavari but its decreased in Punjab bph whereas in Nalgonda had not affects by eCO2 levels.

20 40 60 80 100 120 140

eco2+aT eco2+eT aco2+aT West Godavari BPH-5th gen.

fecundity 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90

eco2+aT eco2+eT aco2+aT Punjab BPH-5th gen.

fecundity

No of eggs laid by by female

Fecundity of BPH populations at three different CO2 levels

20 40 60 80 100 120

eco2+aT eco2+eT aco2+aT Nalgonda BPH-5th gen.

fecundity

No of eggs laid by by female

5th gen

Fecundity was higher at eCO2+eT in Nalgonda BPH. West Godavari & Punjab bph had not affects by eCO2 levels.

50 100 150 200 250 300 350 eco2+aT eco2+eT aco2+aT

West Godavari BPH-13th gen.

fecundity

No of eggs laid by female

50 100 150 200 250 300 350 eco2+aT eco2+eT aco2+aT

Punjab BPH-13th gen.

fecundity

No of eggs laid by female

Fecundity of BPH populations at three different CO2 levels in 13th generation

50 100 150 200 250 300 eco2+aT eco2+eT aco2+aT

Nalgonda BPH-13th gen.

fecundity

No of eggs laid by female

13th gen

Fecundity was higher at eCO2+eT in West Godavari BPH whereas Punjab bph showing lower fecundity at eCO2+eT Nalgonda not affects by eCO2 levels.

20 40 60 80 100 120 140

eco2+aT eco2+eT aco2+aT West Godavari BPH-5th gen.

feeding rate

honeydew excretion by 3rd instar nymphs(mm2)

10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90

eco2+aT eco2+eT aco2+aT Punjab BPH-5th gen.

feeding rate

honeydew excretion by 3rd instar nymphs(mm2)

Feeding rate of three BPH populations at different CO2 levels(5th gen.)

20 40 60 80 100 120

eco2+aT eco2+eT aco2+aT Nalgonda BPH-5th gen.

feeding rate

honeydew excretion by 3rd instar nymphs (mm2)

5th gen

Honeydew excretion was not significantly affected by elevated CO2 levels in West Godavari & Punjab bph. Feeding rate was higher at eCO2+eT- Nalgonda 13th generation- data to be analysed.

Effect of elevated CO2 levels on biochemical composition of rice plants (infested and uninfested bph)

Biochemical analysis Indirect effect of elevated CO2 and temperature on bph infested and uninfested TN1 plants at different growth stages (30 and 60 days) is under being progress. Proteins estimation by- Lowry et al.,(1951) Total Phenols- Swain and Hillis (1959) Total Sugars- Yoshida et al., (1976) Reducing sugars- Nelson,(1944)      Reducing sugars- Nelson,(1944) Non-reducing sugars- Loomis and Shull, (1937) NPK

Conclusion and future prospects

• 1. The results revealed that effects of elevated CO2 and ambient temperature was increases

the developmental duration, longevity and fecundity of BPH. Higher feeding rate was

• bserved only in Nalgonda population at elevated CO2 with increasing temperature

, highly feeding may be due to enzymes are play key role (plants & insects) will be analyzed.

• 2. This results clearly indicates that insects from tropical and temperate regions exposed to

different temperature regimes will show varied responses to climate change factors.

Acknowledgement

This work has been carried out under NICRA project and we thank the Project Director, IIRR for the facilities

• 3. Screening of CO2 adapted populations along in comparison with normal population for

identified resistant genotypes/varieties by special screening techniques will help us to understand the mechanisms of population adaptation to host plant resistance under climate change.

Rabi-2016: Nursery sowings were done from 3rd week of November to 2nd week of

• December. The main field transplantation has been extended to January first week of 2016. MTU-

1010 was planted in 18 fixed fields and HMT sona was done in 2 fixed fields. Plantings were delayed due to late onset of monsoon. BPH and WBPH appeared from 40 days after transplanting and were present in the field up to 115 days. Gall midge, stem borer and hispa appeared 14 days after

• transplanting. Hispa was present up to 20 DAT. Gall midge was seen up to 71-80 days. YSB dead

hearts were present up to 50 DAT. Stem borer white ears were seen from 61-115 DAT. The yield ranged from 2500 -2800 kg/acre. During Rabi-2016 farmers applied insecticides Cartop hydrochloride (WP), Cartop hydrochloride granules (4G), dupont fertera 4G granules for the control of yellow stem borer, Acephate and buprofezin dinotefuran, dichlorvos, pymetrozyne, Bio products like Clean out for the control of

• planthoppers. Hexaconazole (Contaff) and trycyclozole for the control of sheath blight and blast and

pretilachlor for the control of weeds were used.

Real Time Pest Surveilleance- Miryalaguda of Nalgonda District

pretilachlor for the control of weeds were used. Rabi 15-16

0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 1.1 1.2 2.3 2.4 3.5 3.6 4.7 4.8 5.9 5.10. 6.11 6.12 7.13 7.14 8.15 8.16 9.17 9.18 10.19 10.20.

PEST DATA DURING RABI-2016

YSB HISPA BPH GM

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