Elevated Work Safety Meeting V.A.0.0 1 PPT-SFMTG-ELVWRK
Elevated Work There are many jobs that require working at • heights This requires the use of walking working surfaces • such as ladders, scaffolds and stairways Safety in elevated work areas requires • companies to follow strict standards for height, width, building materials, load capacity and proper housekeeping V.A.0.0 2 2 PPT-SFMTG-ELVWRK
Ladders Designed primarily to provide access to an • elevated area Must not be used as a work platform unless the • job can be performed using only one hand Be constructed according to OSHA regulations • V.A.0.0 3 3 PPT-SFMTG-ELVWRK
Ladders Get authorization to perform elevated work • Clear footing area of excess tools, debris, waste and • other obstructions Place the ladder on a firm, level surface • Fully open the legs of the ladder • Use proper PPE • − Fall protection if necessary Secure tools and equipment properly • Carry only necessary tools in pockets or tool belt • Attach a hand line and lift items once on stable surface • Maintain a 3-point contact with the ladder • V.A.0.0 4 4 PPT-SFMTG-ELVWRK
3-point Contact 1 2 3 V.A.0.0 5 5 PPT-SFMTG-ELVWRK
Ladder Inspection • Inspect the following before using a ladder − Footing − Rungs or steps − Side rails − Hinges − Spreaders V.A.0.0 6 6 PPT-SFMTG-ELVWRK
Damaged Ladders Put a warning tag on a damaged ladder • immediately Report a damaged ladder to a supervisor • Take a damaged ladder out of service until it is • repaired − Portable ladders are often damaged by being moved from worksite to worksite and while in storage − Fixed ladders may deteriorate if they are exposed to the weather or corrosive chemicals V.A.0.0 7 7 PPT-SFMTG-ELVWRK
Ladders • Two types of ladders commonly found in industrial facilities − Portable − Fixed V.A.0.0 8 8 PPT-SFMTG-ELVWRK
Portable Ladders • Avoid overreaching when performing work from a ladder • The worker’s belt buckle must never pass the side rail of the ladder • Never allow more than one person at a time on a ladder V.A.0.0 9 9 PPT-SFMTG-ELVWRK
Portable Ladders • Portable ladders are subdivided into two categories − Step ladders − Extension ladders V.A.0.0 10 10 PPT-SFMTG-ELVWRK
Step Ladders • A step ladder is used to perform work at relatively low levels or when an appropriate upper support is not available V.A.0.0 11 11 PPT-SFMTG-ELVWRK
Extension Ladders Most commonly used to transit to a higher level • where permanent access is not provided Ladder footing must be on a firm, level surface to • prevent the base from kicking out Open ladder must maintain a 4:1 slope • − Angled so the base of the ladder is one foot away from the vertical plane for each rise of four feet Top of the ladder must rest against a sturdy support • Top of the ladder must extend three feet past the • upper level Must be tied off to avoid slippage • V.A.0.0 12 12 PPT-SFMTG-ELVWRK
Extension Ladders V.A.0.0 13 13 PPT-SFMTG-ELVWRK
Metal Ladders Never use a metal ladder when • electrical hazards are present Be aware of overhead power • lines and other electrical connections when setting up and moving a metal ladder V.A.0.0 14 14 PPT-SFMTG-ELVWRK
Fixed Ladders Provided in frequently accessed, elevated areas • A visual inspection ensures it is in an acceptable • condition before climbing A fixed ladder higher than 20 feet must be • equipped with fall protection cages or other protective devices Rest platforms must be provided every 30 feet • V.A.0.0 15 15 PPT-SFMTG-ELVWRK
Fixed Ladders V.A.0.0 16 16 PPT-SFMTG-ELVWRK
Scaffolds Designed primarily as a work platform • Allow workers to perform a job that • − Takes a long time − Requires both hands − Requires more than one person Only use a scaffold for its intended purpose • based on the type of scaffold used A stairway or ladder must be provided and used • for climbing onto a scaffold Always place on a firm level surface • V.A.0.0 17 17 PPT-SFMTG-ELVWRK
Scaffolds Store in a place that will avoid excessive • weathering or damage Securely fasten risers and braces with the locking • mechanism properly engaged Keep materials away from the bracing and • footing of a scaffold Use of scaffolds that are covered with snow, ice • or other slippery materials is prohibited Use of shore and lean-to scaffolds is prohibited • V.A.0.0 18 18 PPT-SFMTG-ELVWRK
Scaffolds V.A.0.0 19 19 PPT-SFMTG-ELVWRK
Types of Scaffolds • Pole • Tube and coupler • Fabricated frame • Outrigger • Single point adjustable suspension • Two point adjustable suspension V.A.0.0 20 20 PPT-SFMTG-ELVWRK
Wheeled Scaffolds Can only be used on a smooth, firm, level surface • Workers are only allowed on the scaffold when it • is stationary V.A.0.0 21 21 PPT-SFMTG-ELVWRK
Qualified Worker Responsibilities • Design and assembly of a scaffold • Dismantle or move a scaffold • Repair or alter a scaffold • Determine the maximum load capacity and ensure that it is not exceeded at any time • Inspection of a scaffold V.A.0.0 22 22 PPT-SFMTG-ELVWRK
Scaffold Inspection • Must be inspected for − Deterioration − Damage − Missing parts • Must be inspected − Before workers are allowed to use them − Before each shift − After any occurrence that may affect the stability or safe use of the scaffolding V.A.0.0 23 23 PPT-SFMTG-ELVWRK
Load Capacity The structure that the scaffold is secured to must • be capable of withstanding the load The load includes • − Vertical load, such as the weight of the scaffold − Horizontal load, such as the wind blowing on tarps All scaffolds and components must support, • without failure, its own weight and at least four times the maximum intended load applied or transmitted to it V.A.0.0 24 24 PPT-SFMTG-ELVWRK
Height Limitations The height of a freestanding scaffold is limited to • four times the smallest dimension of the base − For example, a 5 x 10 freestanding scaffold cannot exceed a height of 20 feet tall Guying or tying is necessary if a scaffold needs • to be taller − Secure scaffold to a tall structure − Prevent swaying or displacement − Must be tied at least every 30 feet horizontally and every 26 feet vertically V.A.0.0 25 25 PPT-SFMTG-ELVWRK
Planking Must be made of scaffolding grade material • Must completely cover the entire working platform • Must form a smooth, continuous working surface • Must not have any gaps large enough for tools or • materials to fall through Wooden planking must extend past the end supports • by no less than 6 inches and no more than 12 inches Metal planking must not extend past the end • supports V.A.0.0 26 26 PPT-SFMTG-ELVWRK
Scaffold Hazards Electrical hazards can include • − Working near energized or exposed electric lines − Using electric power tools − Using welding equipment Scaffolds must not be closer than 10 feet to power lines • Electric power tools create a risk of electrocution or • shock because a metal frame scaffold is conductive − Scaffold should be grounded to reduce the risk of injury To reduce the risk of electrocution or shock • − Use a GFCI − Assured Grounding program V.A.0.0 27 27 PPT-SFMTG-ELVWRK
Scaffold Hazards Area above and below the work being done on • a scaffold can create fall hazards Area must be inspected before the job begins • and cleared of any objects with the potential to fall on workers Ladders should not be used on a scaffold to • increase the working height unless specific conditions are met Workers should not stand on boxes, crates or • barrels to increase their working height V.A.0.0 28 28 PPT-SFMTG-ELVWRK
Fall and Falling Object Protection A fall arrest system should be worn even if a • scaffold is equipped with handrails The company must ensure that wearing fall • protection does not create a greater hazard The tie-off point selected for a fall arrest system • cannot be a part of the scaffold A hard hat must be worn at all times if there is a • chance of falling hand tools, debris or other small objects V.A.0.0 29 29 PPT-SFMTG-ELVWRK
Fall and Falling Object Protection Eliminate the chance of materials falling from the • scaffold − Do not stack materials where they can be knocked off − Tie hand tools and equipment to a safety line The area below the scaffold should be protected • using a barricade and worker access must be restricted V.A.0.0 30 30 PPT-SFMTG-ELVWRK
Fall and Falling Object Protection Handrails must be installed on all open ends and • sides of scaffolding greater than 10 feet high − Handrails must be equipped with a top rail between 36 and 42 inches high and a mid-rail − Never climb or work from the handrail, midrail, braces or cross-braces of a scaffold system Toeboards must be placed along the edge of • platforms greater than 10 feet high for a distance sufficient to protect workers below − Toeboards must be at least 4 inches high to prevent loose objects from being kicked over the side V.A.0.0 31 31 PPT-SFMTG-ELVWRK
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