Eclipse Software Engineering with an Integrated Development - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Eclipse

Software Engineering with an Integrated Development Environment (IDE) Markus Scheidgen

Friday, 26. October 2012

Agenda

• What is eclipse and why bother? - An introduction to eclipse.
• eclipse fundamentals
• (Java) development with eclipse

★ reading code ★ writing code ★ build and run code ★ debugging ★ testing

• collaborative work with eclipse

★ task management ★ version control

• beyond Java programming
• extending eclipse

★ plug-ins and equinox ★ Java Development Toolkit APIs ★ eclipse modeling framework

• further reading

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introduction

Friday, 26. October 2012

What is eclipse?

• Eclipse started as a proprietary IBM product (IBM Visual age

for Smalltalk/Java).

• Eclipse is open source - it is a general purpose open platform

that facilitates and encourages the development of third party plug-ins.

• Eclipse is best known as an Integrated Development

Environment (IDE).

• Eclipse was originally designed for Java, now supports many
• ther languages.

★ C, C++, Python, PHP, Ruby ★ XML, HTML, CSS ★ ant, maven, and many more

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What is eclipse not?

• Eclipse is not a programming language.
• Eclipse is not a software modeling tool; but it can

be used as one.

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Integrated Development Environments (IDEs)

In this lecture we manly see eclipse as an IDE.

• Programming requires the use of many tools:

★ editors (vim, emacs) ★ compilers (gcc, javac) ★ code analyzers (lyn) ★ debuggers (gdb, jdb) ★ build-tools (make, ant, maven) ★ version control (cvs, svn, git, ClearCase)

• IDEs integrate those tools into a single coherent environment.

★ one rich graphical user interface ★ one configuration scheme ★ The different tools are connected with each other.

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Why bother?

• IDEs are omnipresent.
• Many software engineering tools only have

rudimentary interfaces.

• IDEs can automate many processes in software

engineering:

★building, testing ★generation of boiler-plate code

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fundamentals

Friday, 26. October 2012

Installation (I)

• download: http://www.eclipse.org/downloads/

★Eclipse 3.x releases are: Callisto, Europa, Ganymede,

Galileo, Helios, Indigo (3.7, recommended), Juno (4.2)

★There is a 32- and 64-bit version for Windows, MacOS,

and Linux/Unix.

★Eclipse is java-based but uses SWT, a GUI-toolkit with

platform specific versions.

★There are different packages (different collections of

plug-ins) for different use-case. Download Eclipse IDE for Java Developers when in doubt.

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Installation (II)

• after download:

★You have a .zip- or .tar.gz-file. ★unzip ★The unzipped folder contains an executable eclipse(.exe)

• start eclipse:

★You will have to choose a workspace. The workspace is

the place were eclipse will store all your work and

• configurations. Workspaces can be switched later.

Choose a new directory somewhere in your home folder.

★You leave the welcome screen with the right-hand-side

arrow.

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The Workspace

• ... shows your current work.
• ... is fully configurable, (via Window menu).

★ Views can be moved, removed, added. ★ You can switch between perspectives (specific arrangement of

views).

• Views can be very general (e.g. Problems, Outline) or specific

(e.g. Package Explorer (java), Task List (mylyn))

• The workspace has a menu bar (top) and status bar (bottom)
• The workspace and views have action bars
• The space in the “middle” contains open editors. Editors

may change the menu bar.

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Eclipse Vocabulary

• Workbench, Perspective, Editor, View
• Project

★ organizational unit for your work ★ corresponds to a folder on your hard-drive, by default in the workspace directory ★ is a resource

• Resource

★ generic term for folders, files, and sometimes file-like (virtual resources) entities

• Preferences

★ eclipse wide configuration ★ organized by plug-ins

• Properties

★ project specific configuration ★ allows to create project specific settings for large parts of the preferences

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Java Development Tools (JDT)

Friday, 26. October 2012

Java Development Tools (JDT)

• ... is a set of plug-ins that turn eclipse into a Java-IDE
• JDT comprises of:

★ Java editor with syntax highlighting, code-completion,

templates, refactorings, navigation, ...

★ Package explorer ★ Java specific views for

★ documentation ★ debugging ★ type-hierarchies ★ outline

★ Java search ★ Java builder

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Java Projects

• A Java project is a special project.
• A Java project contains:

★ source folders with your sources ★ other folders and files you add (e.g. jars, ant-scripts, etc.) ★ the compiled .class-files (hidden) ★ references to used libraries

• Projects can be configured through a property editor

★ Most configurations are projects specific changes to the global

eclipse wide configuration.

★ Most important for java projects is the Java Build Path:

★ source folders and class folder ★ dependencies (other Java projects you need resources from, e.g. classes) ★ libraries (internal and external jars and system libraries)

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Anagrams, a Simple Programming Exercise

• Dave Thomas (aka pragmatic Dave) defines Code

Katas as fundamental training exercises for programming: http://codekata.pragprog.com

• Anagrams are sets of words that are made up from

the same letters.

• Problem: Find all anagrams in a list of words.
• We use a small word list from Kevin's Word List

Page(http://wordlist.sourceforge.net) as example.

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Write Java

• Create Classes, Interfaces, and Package from the

Project Explorer.

• Use code-completion and templates with crtl-space.
• Use refactorings from the refactor context-menu.
• Use quick-fixes to deal with errors (crtl-1).
• Generate code (e.g. getter and setter) from the source

context-menu.

• Organize imports from the source context-menu.
• Extract interface from the refactor context-menu.

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Read Java

• Navigate with F3
• Search for references and declarations
• View type-hierarchies and call-hierachies with the

context-menu

• Use the outline-view
• Use the Java search
• Lookup Java-Doc with hovers
• Mark Occurrences from the action bar

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Build and Run Java

• Builds automatically for simple project

configurations.

• Run from the context-menu.
• Look at run-configurations from the action bar and

change the arguments.

• Add an external .jar library to your project.

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Debug Java

• Use debug instead of run.
• Add breakpoints.
• Switch to the debug-perspective as offered.
• Step-in, step-over, step-return, and resume (F5-F8)
• Look at variables in the variable view.
• Inspect expressions from the context-menu.
• Use the expressions view (show view first from the Window menu).
• Add exception break points.
• Switch frames in the debug view.
• Use “hot-deploy” (i.e. change the code and save it while running).

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Testing with JUnit

• Create a test-case from the Package Explorer.
• Run the test-case from the context menu.
• Navigate through failing test from the JUnit view.
• Debug a test-case from the context menu.
• Inspect run-/debug-configurations for JUnit.
• Run all test-cases in a project from the Package

Explorer.

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collaborative work with eclipse

Friday, 26. October 2012

Task management (with Mylyn)

• Problems to solve:

★Information overload ★Slow context switches

• Import and manage tasks (e.g. bugs and feature

requests) in eclipse

• Workspace state (e.g. open editors) is bound to

the active task

• You can switch between task and automatically

switch between workspace states

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Version Control (with SVN)

• Install subversive, using the eclipse Marketplace

★ use the latest “pure Java” svn connector

• Open the repositories view and create a new repository.
• Share a project via the Package Explorer. Notices the

differences in the Package Explorer’s resource presentation.

• Change a file and compare it with the latest version from the

repository via the Package Explorer.

• Use the comparison editor to revert changes.
• Commit your changes via the Package Explorer.
• Explore the history view.

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beyond Java programming

Friday, 26. October 2012

Popular Official Eclipse Projects

http://www.eclipse.org/projects/listofprojects.php

• Eclipse Platform, JDT, PDE
• Eclipse Modeling Project

★

Eclipse Modeling Framework (EMF)

★

EMF

★

EMF compare

★

relational database mappings

★

Graphical Modeling Framework

★

Xtext

★

Model-2-Model and Model-2-Text

★

UML/OCL tools

• Mylyn task management
• Service Oriented Architecture (SOA)
• Languages: C/C++, Python, Scala
• Eclipse Web Tools Platform

★

J2EE

★

Javascript

★

XML

★

Web Services

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Popular Non-Eclipse Products

• diverse UML and other modeling plug-ins (just

search the Marketplace)

• Google Plug-in (http://code.google.com/eclipse/):

★Google Web Toolkit ★Google App Engine ★Android programming

• Spring’s Source Tool Suite

(http://www.springsource.com/developer/sts)

★J2EE ★Grails

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Install new plug-ins.

• the eclipse Marketplace
• the traditional way

★ Update sites (identified by URLs) provide plug-ins via

HTTP.

★ Eclipse update site provides all plug-ins of the various

• fficial eclipse projects.

★ Update-sites of third party vendors can be added and their

plug-ins installed.

• install plug-ins manually

★ Eclipse manages plugins (typically as .jars and .zips) in its

internal folder structure.

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extending eclipse

Friday, 26. October 2012

Eclipse is ...

• ... not a monolithic piece of software
• ... an extendable platform
• ... a collection of plug-ins

★ all functionally we saw is deployed in a plug-in

• ... a hierarchy of plugins

★ plug-ins use each other (plug-in dependencies) ★ eclipse has “abstract” plug-in (e.g. the team plug-ins) therefore

all specific plug-ins (e.g. JDT/CDT, CVS/subclipse) have the same look and feel

• ... is a Rich Client Platform (RCP) for developing non-

eclipse rich clients

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Bundles and Plug-ins

two mechanisms:

• Equinox(OSGi)-based bundles
• eclipse plug-ins

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Equinox Bundles

• What happens when different vendors program code

running in the same JVM?

★ different classes with same package and name collide ★ same classes in different versions with same package name collide ★ when one vendor wants to use classes of another it is not clear

which class one intends to use

• What is the solution?

★ classes are organized in bundles ★ each bundle gets its own class loader that only sees the classes in

that bundle

★ bundles can use other bundles and user their classes: class loaders

• f dependent bundles are used when the own class loader does not

find a used class

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Eclipse plug-ins

• Plug-ins define extension points and use extension

points creating extensions.

• Popular extension points are:

★commands ★editor ★popup-menu additions ★property pages ★views ★project builders ★additions to the help system

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Writing your own plug-ins

• Steep learning curve due to numerous techniques

and existing plug-ins:

★plug-in and bundle mechanisms ★SWT ★JFace ★views, editors, property views

• How to succeed?

★Use how-tos and tutorials. ★Apply “monkey sees, monkey does”. ★Use similar, existing plug-ins as starting points.

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Writing RCPs

• RCPs are build from features, features are build

from plug-ins

• Typically a mix of existing eclipse plug-ins and your
• wn plug-ins.
• Of course you finally define splash screen and

about box.

• Eclipse can build binaries for all platforms (cross

platform development).

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Popular Frameworks for Writing Plug-ins

• Eclipse Modeling Framework (EMF)
• Graphical Editing Framework (GEF)
• Graphiti
• based on EMF

★GMF ★Xtext

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Write a Plug-in

• install the Platform Development Environment

(PDE)

• create a plug-in and use an extension wizzard
• inspect the generated code
• run the plug-in
• modify and re-run the plug-in
• learn more about plug-in writing and deployment:

★http://www.vogella.de/articles/EclipsePlugIn/article.html

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further reading

Friday, 26. October 2012

Books

• “Eclipse”, Steve Holzner, O’Reilly
• “Programmieren mit Eclipse 3: Universelle

Entwicklungsplattform für Java, PHP, C/C++, SQL, XML, XSLT, XSL-FO, JSP, Servlets, JEE, UML, HTML, CSS, JavaScript”, Michael Seeboerger- Weichselbaumm, mitp

• “Eclipse Plug-ins”, Eric Clayberg and Dan Rubel,

Addison-Wesley

• “EMF - Eclipse Modeling Framework”, Dave

Steinberg et al., Addison-Wesley

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Internet Resources

• http://help.eclipse.org/indigo/index.jsp
• http://www.eclipse.org/articles/
• http://wiki.eclipse.org
• http://eclipse.org/projects/
• http://www.planeteclipse.org/planet/

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