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Echinococcosis
Etiology & Epidemiology
Echinococcosis Etiology & Epidemiology Echinococcosis / Hydatid - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
Echinococcosis Etiology & Epidemiology Echinococcosis / Hydatid - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
Echinococcosis Etiology & Epidemiology Echinococcosis / Hydatid Disease kyste hydatique / Hydatidosis Zoonotic infection caused by the larval stages of cestodes belonging to the genus Echinococcus How many Echinococcus species are
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Echinococcosis / Hydatid Disease
kyste hydatique / Hydatidosis Zoonotic infection caused by the larval stages of cestodes belonging to the genus Echinococcus
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How many Echinococcus species are there?
classic medical literatures: 4 species
- E. granulosus
> cystic echinococcosis
- E. multilocularis
> Alveolar echinococcosis
- E. vogeli
> polycystic echinococcosis
- E. oligarthra
> Unicystic echinococcosis
Recent findings reveal at least 10 species
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Echinococcus granulosus sensu lato
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www.who.int/echinococcosis/en
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In dogs and other carnivores
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Global importance of cystic echinococcosis
Non-monetary burden:
- More than one million DALY
Monetary burden:
- $ 3.0 billion
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Epidemiology of cystic echinococcosis
What is Epidemiology ?
- in people
- in dogs and other carnivores
- in sheep, etc.
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www.who.int/echinococcosis/en
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CE status in Iran
Annual surgical cases : 0.6-2.6 / 105 population Ultrasound (US) prevalence in humans: 0.2-1.8 % Prevalence in dogs: 6.8-55.7 % Prevalence in livestock: 0.4-74.4 %
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- January 1990 to December 2015
- Most cases of human hydatidosis were in southern Iran, with a prevalence of 5.8% (3.2–9.2%).
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Craig P .S., et al. , The Lancet Inf. Dis., 7, 2007
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Population of dogs with sufficient range of movement
What is needed for CE to have a persistent domestic transmission?
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Population of dogs with sufficient range of movement
Harandi MF., 2011
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Cultural / Religious festivals
What is needed for CE to have a persistent domestic transmission?
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Cultural / Religious festivals
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Close human-dog relationship
What is needed for CE to have a persistent domestic transmission?
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Close human-dog relationship
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Close human-dog relationship
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Food habits
High fresh vegetable consumption
What is needed for CE to have a persistent domestic transmission?
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Raw vegetable consumption
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per capita vegetable consumption in Egypt, Iran and Turkey
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Traditional farming System
What is needed for CE to have a persistent domestic transmission?
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Traditional farming system
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Traditional animal husbandry and nomadic / seminomadic life
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Sylvatic cycle with sufficient infection pressure
What is needed for CE to have a persistent domestic transmission?
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Wild sheep Goitered Gazelle Free-ranging Baboons Feral pigs Feral dogs Wolf Jackal Hyena Red fox ?
Sylvatic cycle with sufficient infection pressure
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Highly fertile cysts i.e. susceptible intermediate hosts
What is needed for CE to have a persistent domestic transmission?
Diverse intermediate host species in the region
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At least 13 different intermediate host species
Sheep Goat Cattle Buffalo Horse Donkey Camelus dromedarius Camelus bactrianus Sus scrofa Ovis orientalis Gazalla subgutturosa Papio hamadryas
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Routes of TRANSMISSION
Dog contact contaminated vegetables Soil contaminated by dog feces Vocational / occupational Recreational activities
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Major determinants of CE TRANSMISSION
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