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Echinococcosis Etiology & Epidemiology Echinococcosis / Hydatid - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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Echinococcosis Etiology & Epidemiology Echinococcosis / Hydatid Disease kyste hydatique / Hydatidosis Zoonotic infection caused by the larval stages of cestodes belonging to the genus Echinococcus How many Echinococcus species are

  2. Echinococcosis Etiology & Epidemiology

  3. Echinococcosis / Hydatid Disease  kyste hydatique / Hydatidosis  Zoonotic infection caused by the larval stages of cestodes belonging to the genus Echinococcus

  4. How many Echinococcus species are there?  classic medical literatures: 4 species - E. granulosus > cystic echinococcosis - E. multilocularis > Alveolar echinococcosis - E. vogeli > polycystic echinococcosis - E. oligarthra > Unicystic echinococcosis  Recent findings reveal at least 10 species

  7. Echinococcus granulosus sensu lato

  8. www.who.int/echinococcosis/en

  9. In dogs and other carnivores

  12. Global importance of cystic echinococcosis  Non-monetary burden: - More than one million DALY  Monetary burden: - $ 3.0 billion

  14. Epidemiology of cystic echinococcosis  What is Epidemiology ? - in people - in dogs and other carnivores - in sheep, etc.

  15. www.who.int/echinococcosis/en

  17. CE status in Iran  Annual surgical cases : 0.6-2.6 / 10 5 population  Ultrasound (US) prevalence in humans: 0.2-1.8 %  Prevalence in dogs: 6.8-55.7 %  Prevalence in livestock: 0.4-74.4 %

  18.  January 1990 to December 2015  Most cases of human hydatidosis were in southern Iran, with a prevalence of 5.8% (3.2–9.2%).

  21. Craig P .S., et al. , The Lancet Inf. Dis., 7, 2007

  22. What is needed for CE to have a persistent domestic transmission? Population of dogs with sufficient range of movement

  23. Population of dogs with sufficient range of movement Harandi MF., 2011

  25. What is needed for CE to have a persistent domestic transmission? Cultural / Religious festivals

  26. Cultural / Religious festivals

  27. What is needed for CE to have a persistent domestic transmission? Close human-dog relationship

  28. Close human-dog relationship

  29. Close human-dog relationship

  30. What is needed for CE to have a persistent domestic transmission? Food habits High fresh vegetable consumption

  31. Raw vegetable consumption

  32. per capita vegetable consumption in Egypt, Iran and Turkey

  33. What is needed for CE to have a persistent domestic transmission? Traditional farming System

  34. Traditional farming system

  35. Traditional animal husbandry and nomadic / seminomadic life

  36. What is needed for CE to have a persistent domestic transmission? Sylvatic cycle with sufficient infection pressure

  37. Sylvatic cycle with sufficient infection pressure Feral dogs Wild sheep Wolf Goitered Gazelle Jackal Free-ranging Baboons Hyena Feral pigs Red fox ?

  38. What is needed for CE to have a persistent domestic transmission? Highly fertile cysts i.e. susceptible intermediate hosts Diverse intermediate host species in the region

  39. At least 13 different intermediate host species Sheep Camelus dromedarius Goat Camelus bactrianus Cattle Sus scrofa Buffalo Ovis orientalis Horse Gazalla subgutturosa Donkey Papio hamadryas

  40. Routes of TRANSMISSION  Dog contact  contaminated vegetables  Soil contaminated by dog feces  Vocational / occupational  Recreational activities

  41. Major determinants of CE TRANSMISSION

  42. THANK YOU

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