SLIDE 1
Introduction to English Linguistics 2: Phonetics and Phonology - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
Introduction to English Linguistics 2: Phonetics and Phonology - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
Introduction to English Linguistics 2: Phonetics and Phonology Phonetics articulary describes the production of speech acoustic describes the physical properties of speech auditory describes the reception of speech Articulatory Phonetics
SLIDE 2
SLIDE 3
Articulatory Phonetics
- ral and/or nasal cavity
↑ (vocal cords) ↑ egressive pulmonic airstream
SLIDE 4
Speech Tract
SLIDE 5
IPA Consonants
Figure: CC-BY-SA International Phonetic Association
SLIDE 6
IPA Vowels
Figure: CC-BY-SA International Phonetic Association
SLIDE 7
Phonemics Terminology
phone any speech sound, regardless of its status within a lan- guage’s phonological system phoneme the smallest meaning-distinguishing unit of a specified language allophone
- ne possible realization of a phoneme
SLIDE 8
Notation
Unit Notation Purpose graphemic transcription <keener> Written communication phonemic transcription /ˈkiːnə/ Specifzing the general pronun- ciation of a string of speech at the phonemic, meaning- distinguishing level in terms
- f phone, accent, and vowel
length phonetic transcription [ˈciːnə] Specifzing a specific realization
- f a string of speech as pro-
duced by a speaker or group of speakers at the allophonic level
SLIDE 9
The Description of Consonants
Descriptor Possible Values Voicing Voiced; Voiceless Place of articulation Bilabial; Labiodental; Dental; Alveolar; Postalveolar; Velar; Glottal Manner of articulation Stop/plosive; Fricative; Affricate; Nasal; Approximant (i.e. semivowel or liquid)
SLIDE 10
Stops (Plosives)
/p/ voiceless bilabial /b/ voiced bilabial /t/ voiceless alveolar /d/ voiced alveolar /k/ voiceless velar /g/ voiced velar
SLIDE 11
Fricatives
/f/ voiceless labiodental /v/ voiced labiodental /θ/ voiceless dental /ð/ voiced dental /s/ voiceless alveolar /z/ voiced alveolar /ʃ/ voiceless postalveolar /ʒ/ voiced postalveolar /h/ voiceless glottal
SLIDE 12
Nasals
/m/ bilabial /n/ alveolar /ŋ/ velar
SLIDE 13
Affricates
/ʧ/ voiceless postalveolar /ʤ/ voiced postalveolar
SLIDE 14
Continuants
/w/ bilabial semivowel /j/ palatal semivowel /r/ postalveolar liquid* /l/ lateral liquid
* Plag /ɹ/ (alveolar approximant); more accurately /ɹ̠/ (postalveolar). [r] is the alveolar trill as in Italian, Dutch, Czech, Scots, etc.
SLIDE 15
The Description of Vowels
Descriptor Possible Values Frontness Front; Central; Back Openness Close; Close-mid; Open-mid; Open
SLIDE 16
Vowel Diagram
SLIDE 17
RP Vowel Diagram
SLIDE 18
RP Vowel Diagram with Diphthongs
SLIDE 19
Minimal Pairs
/b/ and /p/ bit pit /ɪ/ and /iː/ bid bead /d/ and /t/ bid bit
SLIDE 20
Syllable Structure syllable
- nset
rhyme nucleus coda
SLIDE 21
Syllable Structure beat b eat ea t
SLIDE 22
Syllable Structure biːt b iːt iː t
SLIDE 23