E XT RADIT ION & E XT RADIT ION L AW RE NDIT ION: E - PDF document

June 2019 PRIMARY SOURCE S OF E XT RADIT ION & E XT RADIT ION L AW RE NDIT ION:  E xtra ditio n Cla use o f the U.S. Co nstitutio n  Art. I T E RMS &PROCE SS V, § 2, c l. 2  T he F e de ra l E xtra ditio n Ac t o f 1793  18 U.S.C. §§ 3181-3195 Angie We st Byr d, NCCP  Unifo rm Crimina l E E xtr a dition Se c r e ta r y xtra ditio n Ac t o f 1936 Nor th Car olina De par tme nt of Justic e  UCE A (919) 716- 6578  N.C. Ge n. Sta t. §§ 15A-721 thru 750 a byr d@nc doj.gov  T wo sta te s ha ve no t a do pte d the UCE A b ut ha ve simila r la ws – So uth Ca ro lina a nd Mississippi 1 2 E XT RADIT ION CL AUSE F E DE RAL ACT VS. UCE A ART . IV, § 2, CL .2 F e de ra l Ac t UCE A A pe r son c har ge d in a ny State with tr e ason, fe lony, or othe r c r ime , who shall fle e * F * Cha rg e d with tre a so n, e lo ny/ Misde me a no r, fro m justic e , a nd b e fo und in anothe r State , Ab sc o nde d, E sc a pe d, & fe lo ny o r o the r c rime o n the d e ma nd o f the shall, e xe c utive Juve nile s * F ity o f the Sta te fro m whic h he fle d, b e ug itive s o nly author * F ug itive s a nd No nfug itive s de live re d up, to b e re mo ve d to the Sta te * No pro c e ss e sta b lishe d * Pro c e dure fo r Arre st & ha ving jurisdic tio n. fo r the Arre st a nd Re nditio n, e .g ., F ug itive Re nditio n Arre st, Arra ig nme nt, Ide ntific a tio n He a ring , Writ o f Ha b e a s Co rpus 3 4 1

June 2019 “ANY ST AT E ”/ “ANOT HE R “A PE RSON CHARGE D” ST AT E ”  F e de ra l Ac t:  All Sta te s a nd T  T e rrito rie s o f the Unite d Sta te s re a so n, fe lo ny o r misde me a no r  Se e Pue rto Ric o v. Brandstad, 483 U .S . 219 (1987)  Unde r UCE A:  F e lo ny/ Misde me a no r (Crime )  I  E na pplic a b le to the F e de ra l Go ve rnme nt sc a pe e  Distric t Co lumb ia ha s no t a do pte d UCE A  So me o ne who Ab sc o nds fro m Pa ro le , Pro b a tio n, o r Po st-Re le a se Supe rvisio n  Unsa tisfie d Judg me nt/ Se nte nc e  I na pplic a b le to fo re ig n c o untrie s  Juve nile s  Nonfugitive s 5 6 “SHAL L ” “SHAL L F L E E ”  Ma nda to ry & Summa ry pro c e dure in Asylum Sta te  Anyo ne who c o mmits a c rime in o ne Sta te a nd is  Se e Pue rto Ric o v. Brandstad sub se q ue ntly fo und in a ny o the r Sta te is a fug itive  Asylum Sta te ha s no disc re tio na ry po we r re : fro m justic e . e xtra ditio n o f fug itive  Se e Apple yard v. Massac huse tts , 203 U.S. 222  Disc re tio na ry with No nfug itive (1906)  Se e Mic higan v. Do ran , 439 U.S. 282 (1978)  Re a so n fo r de pa rture irre le va nt  E xtra ditio n is pa rt o f the Arre st Pro c e ss  Se e Ne w Me xic o , e x. Re l. Ortiz v. Re e d , 524 U.S.  De te rmina tio n o f Guilt no t a n I ssue 151 (1998)  Alle g e d Vio la tio n o f Co nstitutio na l Rig hts if E  Pe rso n who le a ve s invo lunta rily is still a fug itive xtra dite d no t a n I ssue  Se e Clark v. Co mm’ r o f Co rr., 281 Co nn. 380 (2007) 7 8 2

June 2019 NONF UGIT IVE DUT Y OF ASYL UM ST AT E E XT RADIT IONS GOVE RNOR  Sub je c t c o mmitte d a n a c t in o ne Sta te tha t re sulte d in b e ing c ha rg e d with a c rime in de ma nding sta te  Mo de rn Co mmunic a tio n he lps fa c ilita te the c o mmissio n o f T he UCE A pro vide s: c rime s a c ro ss sta te line s Sub je c t to pro visio ns o f this a c t, the pro visio ns o f  E xa mple s o f No nfug itive E xtra ditio ns the Co nstitutio n o f the Unite d Sta te s c o ntro lling , a nd  No nsuppo rt a ny a nd a ll a c ts o f Co ng re ss e na c te d in pursua nc e  T ra nsfe r o f F unds o r Drug s the re o f, it is the duty o f the Go ve rno r o f this Sta te to  Ide ntity T he ft ha ve a rre ste d a nd d e live re d up to the E xe c utive  Inte rne t T hre a ts Autho rity o f a ny o the r sta te o f the Unite d Sta te s a ny  “Se xting ” with mino rs pe rso n c ha rg e d in tha t sta te with tre a so n, fe lo ny o r  Applic a tio n sho uld not ha ve re fe re nc e to fug itivity o the r c rime , who ha s fle d fro m justic e a nd is fo und in this Sta te .  Go ve rno r’ s Disc re tio n  Se e N.C. Ge n. Sta t. § 15A-726, “T he Go ve rno r o f this Sta te may a lso surre nde r…” 9 10 BASIC PRINCIPL E S OF E XT RADIT ION BASIC T E RMS OF E XT RADIT ION  E xtradition – Ma nda to ry & Summa ry Pro c e dure ; Pa rt o f the  Applic ation De ma nding Sta te DA’ s for Re quisition – Arre st Pro c e ss fo rma l re q ue st fo r e xtra ditio n to De ma nding Sta te ’ s Go ve rno r  Inte nt – Re turn fug itive to the De ma nding Sta te a s swiftly a s po ssib le fo r pro se c utio n  Re quisition – T he De ma nding Sta te ’ s Go ve rno r’ s fo rma l  Purpose – T re q ue st fo r e xtra ditio n to the Asylum Sta te ’ s Go ve rno r to o pre c lude a ny Sta te fro m b e c o ming a sa nc tua ry e xtra dite fug itive / no nfug itive fo r fug itive s  Gove rnor’s  F Arre st Warra nt of Arre st a nd R e ndition – ugitive – A pe rso n who c o mmits a c rime while pre se nt in o ne wa rra nt issue d b y Asylum Sta te ’ s Go ve rno r upo n re c e ipt Sta te a nd is sub se q ue ntly fo und in a no the r Sta te o f De ma nding Sta te ’ s Go ve rno r’ s Re q uisitio n fo r the  Nonfugitive – A pe rso n who c o mmits a n inte ntio na l a c t in o ne a rre st a nd re nditio n o f fug itive / no nfug itive Sta te tha t re sults in a c rime in a no the r Sta te .  Waive r – Co nse nt to e xtra ditio n witho ut Go ve rno r’ s E xtradition of Nonfugitive is Disc re tionary Wa rra nt 11 12 3

June 2019 T HE E XT RADIT ION PROCE SS T HE BE GINNING  Pe rso n  T hre e Pa rts –  Co mmits a c rime in the De ma nding Sta te  Pa ro le e / Pro b a tio ne r/ Po st-Re le a se I . Asylum Sta te ’ s Pre -Go ve rno r’ s Wa rra nt Ab sc o nde r Pro c e ss  Priso ne r E sc a pe e  De fe nda nt F I I . De ma nding Sta te ’ s F o rma l De ma nd fo r a ils to Appe a r a t Se nte nc ing  Arre st Wa rra nt is issue d in the E xtra ditio n Pro c e ss De ma nding Sta te a nd e nte re d into NCI C I I I . Asylum Sta te ’ s I ssua nc e o f Go ve rno r’ s Wa rra nt Pro c e ss  Sub je c t sub se q ue ntly fo und in Asylum Sta te 13 14 Pa rt I INIT IAL DE CISION BY ASYL UM ST AT E ASYL UM ST AT E ’S PRE - Whe n a fug itive is fo und , Asylum Sta te GOVE RNOR’S WARRANT a utho ritie s ma y: PROCE SS  Arre st fug itive witho ut wa rra nt  Arre st fug itive with wa rra nt  Co nduc t surve illa nc e a nd a rre st fug itive F ug itive ’ s Arre st, F ug itive Co mpla int, Arra ig nme nt, Wa ive r, Co mmitme nt, Ba il b e fo re Issua nc e o f upo n issua nc e o f Go ve rno r’ s Wa rra nt Go ve rno r’ s Wa rra nt  Do no thing a t a ll b e c a use De ma nding Sta te will no t E xtra dite 15 16 4

June 2019 ARRE ST WIT HOUT WARRANT ARRE ST WIT H F UGIT IVE WARRANT  Re a so na b le Info rma tio n  F ug itive is c ha rg e d with c rime punisha b le b y de a th o r  Upo n filing a fugitive c omplaint , Asylum Sta te c o urt impriso nme nt fo r a te rm e xc e e ding o ne ye a r (fe lo ny) shall issue fug itive a rre st wa rra nt  De ma nding Sta te ’ s Arre st Warra nt suffic ie nt re a so na b le  Asylum Sta te sho uld c o nta c t De ma nding Sta te info rma tio n (no t wa rra nt o f a rre st in Asylum Sta te ) b e fo re filing to de te rmine if De ma nding Sta te will  Onc e a rre ste d , fug itive must b e ta ke n b e fo re a e xtra dite judg e / ma g istra te with all pr ac tic able spe e d  Wa ive r o f E  Se e N.C. Ge n. Sta t. § 15A-734 xtra ditio n  A judic ial de te rmina tio n o f Pro b a b le Ca use within 48 ho urs  Upo n a rre st, Co urt sho uld a sk fug itive if willing to will sa tisfy the re q uire me nt o f Ge rste in . Se e Co unty o f wa ive e xtra ditio n Rive rside v. Mc L aughlin, 500 U.S. 44, 56 (1991)  Se nd a c e rtifie d c o py to the E xtra ditio n Se c re ta ry  F ugitive Complaint must b e file d unde r o a th se tting fo rth the – Go ve rno r’ s Co py g ro und(s) fo r a rre st 17 18 PRE -SIGNE D WAIVE R F UGIT IVE COMPL AINT • T he re is no sta tute re g a rding pre -sig ne d wa ive rs in  Must sta te pe rso n is fug itive o r no nfug itive No rth Ca ro lina  Pe rso n ha s c o mmitte d a c rime , a b sc o nde d, • T he Offic e o f the Go ve rno r a nd the No rth Ca ro lina De pa rtme nt o f Justic e ta ke the sa me sta nc e a s e sc a pe d o r fa ile d to a ppe a r in De ma nding the Na tio na l Asso c ia tio n o f E xtra ditio n Offic ia ls – Sta te Pr e -signe d waive r s should be ac c e pte d.  Must b e swo rn b e fo re ma g istra te o r suppo rte d • I f the re is a pre -sig ne d wa ive r, a fug itive sho uld b e b y a ffida vit fro m De ma nding Sta te b ro ug ht b e fo re a ma g istra te , to ld o f the pre -  I f a va ila b le , c e rtifie d c o pie s o f c ha rg ing sig ne d wa ive r a nd he ld witho ut a b o nd. do c ume nt a nd a rre st wa rra nt fro m De ma nding • No tify de ma nding sta te fo r pic kup. Sta te sho uld b e a tta c he d 19 20 5