Disorders A.S. Goudie, Environment International 63 (2014) 101 113 - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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Disorders A.S. Goudie, Environment International 63 (2014) 101 113 - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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Desert Dust and Human Health Disorders A.S. Goudie, Environment International 63 (2014) 101 113 Presenter: Kiyoumars Allahbakhshi Supervisor: Dr Katayoun Jahangiri September 26, 2016 Content: 1 . Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

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Desert Dust and Human Health Disorders

A.S. Goudie, Environment International 63 (2014) 101–113

Presenter: Kiyoumars Allahbakhshi Supervisor: Dr Katayoun Jahangiri

September 26, 2016

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Journal Club Presentations’ Series September 2016- May 2017 2

Content:

  • 1. Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ……….. . ..slide 3
  • 2. Desert dust . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . …. . . . . . slide 4
  • 3. Source areas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . … . . slides 5-6
  • 4. PM10 and PM2.5 levels in dust storms .

………………………………………………………… . . . . slides 7-12

  • 5. Biomaterials . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . …. . . . . . . . . slide 13
  • 6. Miscellaneous pollutants ………..………………. slide 14
  • 7. Human disorders . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
  • Respiratory disorders . . . . . . . …………. . . . . . . . . slide 15
  • Cardiovascular disorders . . . . ………… . . . . . slides 16-17
  • Coccidiomycosis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . … . . . . . . . . . . slide 18
  • Meningococcal meningitis . . . . . . . ………….. . . . slide 19
  • Conjunctivitis. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . …. . . . . . . . . slide 20
  • Dermatological disorders . . . . . . . . …. . . . . . . . . Slide 21
  • Algal blooms and red tides . . . . . ………. . . . . . . . slide 22
  • Deaths and injuries resulting from transport accidents

………………………………………………………….…………… slide 23

  • 8. Conclusions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . …….. . slides 24-25
  • 9. References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . slide 26
  • 10. The critique of paper………………………………….…..slide 27

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Journal Club Presentations’ Series September 2016- May 2017

In Introduction:

  • The purpose of this paper:
  • 1. reviewing recent studies on the nature of desert dust storms
  • 2. considering some of the empirical evidence

Relation characteristics of dust storms to human health disorders.

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Journal Club Presentations’ Series September 2016- May 2017

Desert dust:

  • Playing an important role in the Earth system
  • Resulting of turbulent winds
  • Reducing visibility to less than 1 km
  • The concentrations in excess of 6000 μg m−3
  • Transporting over thousands of kilometers
  • The content of dust

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raising large quantities of dust

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Journal Club Presentations’ Series September 2016- May 2017

Source areas:

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Journal Club Presentations’ Series September 2016- May 2017

Source areas:

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Journal Club Presentations’ Series September 2016- May 2017

PM PM10 and PM2.5 5 le levels in in dust storm rms:

  • PM10 values (aerodynamic diameter less than 10 μm)
  • PM2.5 values (aerodynamic radius less than 2.5 μm)

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PM10 and PM2.5 levels in dust storms:

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PM10 and PM2.5 levels in dust storms:

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PM10 and PM2.5 levels in dust storms:

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PM10 and PM2.5 levels in dust storms:

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PM10 and PM2.5 levels in dust storms:

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Journal Club Presentations’ Series September 2016- May 2017

Biomaterials:

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Journal Club Presentations’ Series September 2016- May 2017

Miscellaneous pollutants:

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Journal Club Presentations’ Series September 2016- May 2017

Human disorders- Respiratory disorders

  • The pathogenic effect of dust inhalation on respiratory tissues
  • exacerbation by the toxic effects of

trace elements (including arsenic, etc.) biologically active compounds (bacteria, fungi, pollen, and viruses) the population most susceptible to suffering from the short-term effects of suspended particulates (a)the elderly (b)Subjects affected by chronic cardiopulmonary disorders (c) the very young

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Journal Club Presentations’ Series September 2016- May 2017

Human disorders- Cardiovascular disorders

  • particulate levels in the air cause cardiovascular disease
  • myocardial infarction
  • Stroke
  • heart failure
  • arrhythmias
  • Venous thromboembolism

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Journal Club Presentations’ Series September 2016- May 2017

Human disorders- Cardiovascular disorders

  • the possible biological mechanisms associated with exposure to

particulates (i) pulmonary and/or systemic inflammatory responses (ii)dysfunction of the autonomic nervous system (iii)cardiac malfunction due to ischemic responses in the myocardium and/or altered ion channel functions in myocardial cells’.

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Journal Club Presentations’ Series September 2016- May 2017

Human disorders- Coccidiomycosis

  • An infection caused by the inhalation of airborne spores of

coccidioides immitis

  • It affects the lungs, can cause extreme disfigurement, and can be

fatal.

  • In the USA it is often known as valley fever
  • Around 150,000 cases are reported each year

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Journal Club Presentations’ Series September 2016- May 2017

Human disorders- Meningococcal meningitis

  • A serious health problem in West Africa
  • The bacteria Neisseria meningitides
  • dust

easing bacterial invasion

  • To be related to the timing and severity of Saharan dust intrusions
  • During the 1980s there were between 25,000 and 200,000 cases in

the Sahel per year

combined with

the extremely dry air damages

the pharyngeal mucosa 19

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Journal Club Presentations’ Series September 2016- May 2017

Human disorders- Conjunctivitis

  • Prolonged exposure to dusty air
  • Dust blown by the Irifi wind of the Western (formerly Spanish) Sahara

is responsible for the conjunctivitis

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Journal Club Presentations’ Series September 2016- May 2017

Human disorders- Dermatological disorders

  • Asian dust storm particles can exert toxicological effects on human

skin

  • through o the activation of the cellular detoxification system
  • the

production

  • f

pro inflammatory and immunomodulatory cytokines

  • changes in the expression of proteins essential in

normal epidermal différentiation

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Journal Club Presentations’ Series September 2016- May 2017

Human disorders- Algal blooms and red tides

  • Increasing evidence that the nutrients carried in dust storms,

including iron can indirectly impact human health.

  • Have a range of effects including neurotoxic shellfish poisoning (NSP)

and respiratory complaints.

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Journal Club Presentations’ Series September 2016- May 2017

Human disorders- Deaths and injuries resulting from transport accidents

  • Dust storms can cause death through their role in causing accidents
  • n the road and in the air.
  • loss of visibility

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Journal Club Presentations’ Series September 2016- May 2017

Conclusions:

  • Dust storms are events of considerable extent and of frequent
  • ccurrence in deserts and on their margins, and transport large

amounts of particulates, pollutants and biological materials for long distances downwind

  • Role of land use pressures and lower soil moisture contents resulting

from climate change

  • associations between dust events and a range of human health

issues, including respiratory problems, cardiovascular complaints, meningococcal meningitis, conjunctivitis, skin irritation, and deaths and injuries associated with transport accidents.

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Conclusions:

  • the increasing availability of information about dust storm

frequencies, trajectories, and particulate contents as a result of the availability of large amounts of data from various satellite-borne sensors, means that there is now a greater potential for their health effects to be explored in greater detail by collaboration between medical and environmental scientists.

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Journal Club Presentations’ Series September 2016- May 2017

References:

Referring to article.

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Journal Club Presentations’ Series September 2016- May 2017

The critique of paper: strength and weakness

  • Selection of the article:
  • Introduction:
  • Author and affiliated institution:
  • The acquisition of knowledge:
  • Controversy surrounding the paper:
  • Respect to various location in reviewing:
  • Methodology:
  • Discussion: strength, weakness, limitation

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Journal Club Presentations’ Series September 2016- May 2017

Thanks for your attention.

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