Development of Ecosystem component maps Henna Rinne, HELCOM - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Development of Ecosystem component maps Henna Rinne, HELCOM Secretariat henna.rinne@helcom.fi 6.9.2016

40 Ecosystem component layers • Pelagic habitats (2) • Broad-scale seabed habitats (6) • Habitat forming species (5) • Natura 2000 habitats (9) • Commercial fish species (4) • Coastal fish (5) • Important bird areas (3) • Marine mammals (6) 6.9.2016 2 TAPAS workshop

Pelagic habitats • Productive surface waters – Springtime (weeks 12-22) Chl-a concentration used as a proxy. Areas with high phytoplankton production are given higher importance – Data: satellite data (MERIS) for 2011 (or potentially mean of years 2009-2011). No MERIS data available for years 2012-1016. Data provided by the Finnish Environment Institute. For Danish area probably complemented with MODIS data. • Oxygenated deep waters – Areas not suffering from hypoxia (O 2 concentration > 2mg/l). If possible, areas weighed with O 2 concentration (higher concentration, higher importance). – Data: requests to SMHI and to IOW made. Final data source, format and timescale still uncertain. 6.9.2016 3 TAPAS workshop

Broad-scale seabed habitats • Together, the broad-scale habitats cover the whole Baltic Sea. ‒ Infralittoral mud ‒ Infralittoral sand ‒ Infralittoral hard bottom ‒ Circalittoral mud ‒ Circalittoral sand ‒ Circalittoral hard bottom • Data: EUSeaMap • New release in September 6.9.2016 4 TAPAS workshop

Habitat forming species • Fucus sp. • Furcellaria lumbricalis • Charophytes • Zostera marina • Mytilus edulis • Data: HELCOM data call on species and biotopes - Mainly point data received, limited or lacking data from some countries - Predictive model results from Estonia and Finland (also point data from Finland) - Generalizations and predictive models considered as a methods for map production: generalizations chosen due to lack of suitable substrate data Here, generalizations made to 5 km grid cells (then converted to 1 km grid)  data as - presence (1) and absence (0) to the BSII 6.9.2016 5 TAPAS workshop

Habitat forming species 6.9.2016 6 TAPAS workshop

Natura 2000 habitats • Sandbanks (1110) • Estuaries (1130) • Mudflats and sandflats (1140) • Coastal lagoons (1150) • Large shallow inlets and bays (1160) • Reefs (1170) • Submarine structures made by leaking gas (1180) • Baltic esker islands (uw parts) (1610) • Boreal Baltic islets and small islands (uw parts) (1620) • Data: HELCOM data call on species and biotopes Polygon data received, the methods and the coverage of the marine area vary between – countries Converted to 1 km grid cells, Data as presence (1) and absence (0) to the BSII – 6.9.2016 7 TAPAS workshop

Natura 2000 habitats 6.9.2016 8 TAPAS workshop

Natura 2000 habitats 6.9.2016 9 TAPAS workshop

Commercial fish species • Cod spawning area • Cod abundance • Maps created in communication with fish experts • Data: Cod spawning: Based on Hüssy, K. 2011. Review of western Baltic cod (Gadus morhua) – recruitment dynamics. ICES Journal of Marine Science 68(7), 1459-1471. Cod abundance: Baltic International Trawl Survey (BITS) data from ICES. – Map values normalized in the BSII – Average of CPUE values 2011-2014, per ICES subdivision (quarter 1). • Cod ≥ 30cm included. • Outside BITS coverage: landings data (from DCF). If the total catch within the ICES statistical rectangle (all 4 • years summed) was >0.5 tonnes and the number of years when cod has been caught within the statistical rectangle was >1, the area was considered as cod distribution area. A value corresponding low CPUE values was given to these areas. Currently Kattegat not standardized with the rest of the area. • 6.9.2016 10 TAPAS workshop

Cod maps Hüssy 2011 6.9.2016 11

Commercial fish species • Herring abundance • Sprat abundance • Data Baltic International Acoustic Survey (BIAS) data, average of 2011-2015. Reported as – millions of fish/ICES statistical rectangle . Outside BIAS coverage, landings data used. For herring , the landings data indicated distribution across the Baltic Sea, thus a – constant value of 10 (millions of herring/ICES rectangle) was given to all areas outside BIAS data, corresponding to low abundance. For sprat BIAS surveys cover almost the whole distribution area. Few areas with – significant sprat landings but outside BIAS area  value of 1 (millions of sprat/ICES rectangle) was given corresponding to low abundance. The map values are normalized in the BSII – 6..9.2016 12 TAPAS workshop

Herring and sprat maps 6.9.2016 13 TAPAS workshop

Coastal fish • Flounder (two ecotypes in the Baltic Sea) - Demersal spawning flounder (distribution) - Pelagic spawning flounder (abundance) • Data – Demersal spawning: The distribution area delineated by selecting area with depth < 50m within ICES subdivisions 25-32 (Florin & Höglund 2008, Florin et al. 2015, ICES 2014). To exclude areas with < 5 PSU salinity (ICES 2014), Bothnian Bay and Quark, as well as Russian part of Gulf of Finland were excluded from the map, according to HELCOM sub-basin division. Presence (1) absence (0) data to the BSII. – Pelagic spawning : Baltic International Trawl Survey (BITS) data, reported per ICES subdivision, average of 2011-2016, quarter 1. In the subdivisions 25, 26 and 28 also demersal spawners can be included in the CPUE values (Florin et al. 2015). Values normalized in the BSII. 6.9.2016 14 TAPAS workshop

Flounder maps 6.9.2016 15 TAPAS workshop

Coastal fish • Recruitment areas of perch • Recruitment areas of pikeperch • Recruitment areas of roach • Why recruitment areas? – No reliable data for adults across the Baltic Sea (gaps in landings data, coastal fish monitoring data scarce in many areas) – Recruitment areas essential for maintaining fish populations – Modelling studies exist for fish recruitment areas  thresholds for environment requirements for fish recruitment • Data : Baltic-wide data layers of environmental variables – Depth ( Baltic Sea Bathymetry database ) – Exposure ( Wave Impact Index Isæus 2004 ) – Salinity ( May means for 2011-2014, Copernicus Marine Environment Monitoring Service) – Secchi depth ( MERIS data for May 2011, Tartu Observatory )  Presence (1) absence (0) maps to the BSII 6.9.2016 16 TAPAS workshop

Perch and pikeperch maps Depth < 5m • Depth < 4m Exposure (log10) < 4 • • Exposure (log10) < 4 Salinity < 7 PSU • • Salinity < 10 PSU Secchi depth < 2m • •  Generalized to 1km grid  Generalized to 1km grid 6.9.2016 17 TAPAS workshop

Important bird areas • Wintering seabirds • Breeding seabird colonies • Migration routes for birds – Sweden leading the data collation and map production (Related to HELCOM Rec 34/1). – Data call on SPAs and IBAs sent in June, again in August. Deadline 23 September. – Wish for the separation of breeding and wintering areas, if possible. – Migration routes may be difficult. 6.9.2016 18 TAPAS workshop

Marine mammals • Grey seal abundance • Grey seal haul-outs • Harbour seal abundance • Harbour seal haul-outs • Ringed seal distribution • Distribution / abundance of harbour porpoise • Maps created in communication with seal experts • Data: – Seals: Count data collated in BALSAM project, reported per HELCOM sub-basin / country (e.g. Swedish Bothnian Bay). Haul-out sites reported as points (coordinates). – Harbour porpoise: Probability for detection maps from SAMBAH project will be available – delivery schedule still uncertain 6.9.2016 19 TAPAS workshop

Harbour seal maps Method: Method: Interpolation between count points (in HELCOM sb) • Number of haul-outs within 10km x 10km area • Point set to the centre of each sub-basin • Map values normalized in the BSII • Map values normalized in the BSII • 6.9.2016 20 TAPAS workshop

Grey seal maps Method: Method: Aim to collate data on counts / haul-out • Number of haul-outs within 10km x 10km area • Finland, Sweden, Estonia, Denmark, (Poland) • Map values normalized in the BSII • Map values normalized in the BSII • 6.9.2016 21 TAPAS workshop

Ringed seal • No count data available • Rough distribution map using HELCOM sub-basins (presence/absence data in the BSII) 6.9.2016 22 TAPAS workshop

Harbour porpoise • Probability of detection ~ abundance • Data outside SAMBAH- area: Danish acoustic surveys, e.g. Teilmann et al. 2008, Sveegaard et al 2011 6.9.2016 23 TAPAS workshop