SLIDE 4 [ADD PRESENTATION TITLE: INSERT TAB > HEADER & FOOTER > NOTES AND HANDOUTS] 6/17/2017 4
Why Do We Care About Iron Deficiency?
Iron: essential for normal neurogenesis, differentiation of brain cells, brain metabolism, neurotransmitter function, oligodendrogenesis, and myelination Anemia: Reduced arborization of dendrites that decrease the complexity of interneural connections Infants with DCC have increased myelin content at 4 month of age in brain regions associated with motor, visual and sensory processing/function compared with ICC.
Beard & Connor 2003; Brunette & Tran et al 2010; Georgieff & Rao 2011
Delayed” cord clamping: Not just for preemies 13
Why Do We Care About Iron Deficiency?
Iron deficiency in infancy associated with : poor school performance, decreased cognitive abilities, less positive affect more difficult to soothe reduced level of engagement with examiners. lower IQs (more pronounced in lower socioeconomic groups) less favorable neurodevelopmental outcomes behavioral problems out to 19 years of age. *Even after correction*
Lozoff et al, 2006; Lozoff et al, 2008; Lozoff et al 2010; Burden et al 2004; Pierano et al, 2010
Why do we care about Iron Deficiency?
Anemia in the US: Anemia among participants in federally funded mat-child health and nutrition programs (2010 data)
- 33.8% of all mothers
- 49.5% of all Non-Hispanic African-American mothers
- By 6-12 mos 18% of all infants and 23.5% of AA were anemic.
Large state-to-state disparities as well. Maternal anemia rates are higher than any region outside of Africa.
Dalenius, Brindley, Smith, Reinold, & Grummer-Strawn, 2012
Delayed” cord clamping: Not just for preemies 15
Stem Cells!
10x the amount of bone marrow Neuroprotection… Cotton et al (2014)
- Autologous stem cell transfusion in babies being head-cooled
>85 on Bayley scale: 74% transfused babies 41% control group
