DECOMPOSITION and Aerobic Thermal Composting By: Molly Haviland - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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DECOMPOSITION and Aerobic Thermal Composting By: Molly Haviland - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

DECOMPOSITION and Aerobic Thermal Composting By: Molly Haviland for Living Soil MUM 2013 Tuesday, April 2, 2013 A BALANCED SYSTEM SUPPORTS 1. Soil Stabilization 2. Soil Aeration 3. Nutrient Retention 4. Nutrient Cycling 5. Water Retention


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SLIDE 1

DECOMPOSITION

and Aerobic Thermal Composting

By: Molly Haviland for Living Soil MUM 2013

Tuesday, April 2, 2013

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SLIDE 2

A BALANCED SYSTEM SUPPORTS

  • 1. Soil Stabilization
  • 2. Soil Aeration
  • 3. Nutrient Retention
  • 4. Nutrient Cycling
  • 5. Water Retention
  • 6. Plant Fertility
  • 7. Carbon Sequestration

Tuesday, April 2, 2013

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SLIDE 3

WHAT IS COMPOSTING?

Tuesday, April 2, 2013

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SLIDE 4

WHAT IS COMPOSTING?

“Composting is oxidative decomposition of a mix of different kinds of organic matter.”

  • Dr. Ingham

Tuesday, April 2, 2013

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SLIDE 5

OXIDATIVE

Tuesday, April 2, 2013

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SLIDE 6

OXIDATIVE

“taking place in the presence of oxygen”

AEROBIC

“living with air”

Anaerobic

“living without air”

Tuesday, April 2, 2013

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SLIDE 7

TOXINS RELEASED

Under Anaerobic Conditions

  • Hydrogen Sulfide: H2S
  • Ammonia: NH3
  • Phosphine: PH3
  • Alcohol
  • Phenols

Tuesday, April 2, 2013

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SLIDE 8

MONITORING O2 LEVELS

  • O2 Sensor
  • What Do

You Smell?

  • Vinegar = Acetic Acid
  • Sour Milk = Butyric Acid
  • Vomit = Valeric Acid
  • Decaying Flesh = Putrescine

Tuesday, April 2, 2013

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SLIDE 9

DECOMPOSITION ?

Tuesday, April 2, 2013

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SLIDE 10

DECOMPOSITION ?

“breaking down component parts and rebuilding them”

Tuesday, April 2, 2013

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SLIDE 11

DECOMPOSITION ?

“breaking down component parts and rebuilding them”

Tuesday, April 2, 2013

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SLIDE 12

DIRT VS SOIL

Mineral Component Life Component

sand, silt, and clay + organisms and OM

Tuesday, April 2, 2013

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SLIDE 13

WHAT IS ORGANIC MATTER?

Tuesday, April 2, 2013

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SLIDE 14

WHAT IS ORGANIC MATTER?

  • Anything that was once living

Tuesday, April 2, 2013

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SLIDE 15

WHAT IS ORGANIC MATTER?

  • Anything that was once living
  • C-C linkages

Tuesday, April 2, 2013

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SLIDE 16

AEROBIC THERMAL COMPOSTING

  • Kills Pathogens and weed seeds
  • Finished in 2-4 Months
  • Stable Inoculum
  • Labor Intensive

Tuesday, April 2, 2013

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SLIDE 17

POINTS TO CONSIDER

  • Location
  • Size
  • Temperature
  • Moisture
  • Ingredient Ratios

Tuesday, April 2, 2013

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SLIDE 18

TEMPERATURE

  • At or above 131 F for 10-15 days
  • Turned 5 times within those days

Organic Standards Require

Tuesday, April 2, 2013

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SLIDE 19

MOISTURE

  • Soil Moisture Meters
  • Hand Squeeze Method
  • Water Quality

Tuesday, April 2, 2013

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SLIDE 20

STARTING MATERIALS

Tuesday, April 2, 2013

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SLIDE 21

STARTING MATERIALS

High Nitrogen 10:1

Tuesday, April 2, 2013

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SLIDE 22

STARTING MATERIALS

High Nitrogen 10:1 Green - Young 30:1

Tuesday, April 2, 2013

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SLIDE 23

STARTING MATERIALS

High Nitrogen 10:1 Green - Young 30:1 Woody - Mature 100:1

Tuesday, April 2, 2013

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SLIDE 24

STARTING MATERIALS

High Nitrogen 10:1 Green - Young 30:1 Woody - Mature 100:1

*Bacterial Food *Fresh Manure *Legumes *Nitrogen Fixing Plants

Tuesday, April 2, 2013

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SLIDE 25

STARTING MATERIALS

High Nitrogen 10:1 Green - Young 30:1 Woody - Mature 100:1

*Bacterial Food *Fresh Manure *Legumes *Nitrogen Fixing Plants *Bacterial Food *Anything Cut Green

Tuesday, April 2, 2013

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SLIDE 26

STARTING MATERIALS

High Nitrogen 10:1 Green - Young 30:1 Woody - Mature 100:1

*Bacterial Food *Fresh Manure *Legumes *Nitrogen Fixing Plants *Bacterial Food *Anything Cut Green *Fungal Food *Lignin/Cellulose Dense

Tuesday, April 2, 2013

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SLIDE 27

RECIPES

Bacterial Pile

  • 25% High Nitrogen
  • 45% Green
  • 30% Woody

Fungal Pile

  • 25% High Nitrogen
  • 45% Woody
  • 30% Green

Balanced Pile

  • 25% High Nitrogen
  • Equal Parts Woody

and Green Slow Fungal Pile

  • 10% High Nitrogen
  • 60% Woody
  • 30% Green

Tuesday, April 2, 2013

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SLIDE 28

HOMEWORK

Read

  • Teaming with Microbes, by Lowenfels and Lewis (L&L): Preface

through chapter 1

  • Soil Biology Primer, by NRCS (SBP): The Soil Food Web
  • Syllabus : http://livingsoilsp2011.files.wordpress.com

Create Blog

  • Post address as a comment on the Homepage of the Living

Soil Blog

  • find one that will accept the microscope spread sheet in full

Char

Tuesday, April 2, 2013