Potato disease resistance and towards development of a plant strengthener Erik Andreasson Resistance Biology Unit Department of Plant Protection Biology SLU –Alnarp Sweden Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences www.slu.se
The host: Potato • 3-most important food crop –food security - Tetraploid and relative heterozygot – In Sweden approximately 20-30% of the fungicides are used on potato (only 1% of land). Treatments 7-15 times. – Almost irreplacable part of Nordic cuisine • Loss of approximately 7 billion/year in control effort and lost production. – Very high yield potential, high protein and vitamin content – Easy to transform – Gene flow very low risk (easy GM fields) – 4-5000 SEK/ha extra income if late blight problem solved (Eriksson et al 2016, Potato Research) Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences www.slu.se
Phytophthora infestans causing Late blight disease (bladmögel) and tuber blight • Oomyceet-”algsvamp” • Phytophthora –plant destroyer • Irish Potato Famine 1845 Start of Plant Pathology • 100% crop loss in one week • The major fungicide target in Sweden • Major resistance genes isolated Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences www.slu.se
Alternaria solani causing Early Blight • No major resistance gene so far indentifed • Limited number of fungicides • Increasing problems with fungicide resistance Photo: • Large variations between years in E. Liljeroth Sweden Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences www.slu.se
Some methods • Gene technology • Gene editing • Induced resistance (IR) by exogenous compounds • Biological control ? • Combinations • Background check on IR Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences www.slu.se
One year from transformation of 3 stacked resistance genes into field trials Kieu et al, submitted Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences www.slu.se
2019 Field trial (Picture on Wikipedia) Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences www.slu.se
CRISPR/Cas9 deletion in a susceptibility gene in King Edward food potato gives late blight reduction " Gene edited potatoes for reduced pesticide usage". NNF Project 2019 Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences www.slu.se
Quantitative proteome analysis of 3 different immune reactions Upregulat Upregulated Downregulated Downregulated ed in PTI in ETI-IpiO in PTI in ETI-IpiO Upregulated Downregulated Mean lesion diameter in ETI-AVR2 in ETI-AVR2 5 4 Burra et al 2018, Resjö et al MCP 3 Resjö et al 2019, IJMS, 2 unpublished 1 0 Acpi Mbm1 T-16 Cont Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences www.slu.se
EA2 Phosphite can prolong the intervals of fungicide treatment Late blight Yield StarchContent Starch Yield Treatment Interval (rAUDPC) (ton/ha) (%) (ton/ha) Untreated control 7 days 0.221a 1 45.2c 1 22.3b 1 10.0d 1 Fungicide 100% dose 7 days 0.090cd 49.8ab 23.1ab 11.5abc Fungicide 50% dose 7 days 0.093cd 49.6ab 23.4a 11.6ab Phosphite 100% dose 7 days 0.105c 49.4ab 22.4b 11,0bc Phosphite 50% dose 7 days 0.129b 47.8bc 22.8ab 10.8c Combination Fungicide50%/Phosphite50% 7 days 0.085d 49.9ab 22.8ab 11.3abc Combination Fungicide100%/Phosphite100% 14 days 0.084d 52.0a 22.8ab 11,8a Liljeroth et al, submitted Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences www.slu.se
Slide 10 Erik Andreasson; 31-10-2019 EA2
BABA-beta amino butyric acid – a resistance inducer (no fungicidal effect) Liljeroth et al 2010. Eur J Plant Pathol 127:171–183 Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences www.slu.se
BABA Shirlan AUDPCr AUDPCr (first period) Yield kg ha − 1 L ha − 1 ton ha − 1 Cultivar: Bintje Superb Bintje Superb Bintje Superb Borgeby A 0 0 0.66a 0.57a 0.4033a 0.2561a 55.3b 66.5c B 0 0.4 0.11c 0.02c 0.0002c 0.0002c 68.7a 83.1a C 0 0.3 0.15bc 0.04c 0.0004c 0.0002c 70.5a 79.7ab D 0 0.2 0.30b 0.09c 0.0574c 0.0003c 62.9a 73.5abc E 0.2 0 0.52a 0.44b 0.2066b 0.1269b 64.5a 67.9bc F 0.1 0.3 0.14bc 0.03c 0.0002c 0.0002c 67.2a 82.1a G 0.2 0.2 0.15bc 0.08c 0.0003c 0.0002c 68.0a 78.6ab H 0.1 0.2 0.14bc 0.05c 0.0002c 0.0003c 66.2a 78.1ab Liljeroth et al 2010. Eur J Plant Pathology 127:171–183 Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences www.slu.se
SBE Plant strengthener from sugar beet Industry -Raw material ”for free” -Fairy large and consistent quantity of raw material Växtresurs Sverige AB Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences www.slu.se
Phytophthora (bladmögel)
Sporangia Phytophthora Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences www.slu.se
Alternaria solani (lesion reduction mm) 8 7 6 5 untreated 4 SBE 3 2 1 0 Leason size (mm) Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences www.slu.se
Hyphal growth of Alternaria solani 50 45 40 35 hyphal growth (mm) 30 25 20 15 10 5 0 Day 3 Day 7 Day 10 20% EtOH strobulin SBE Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences www.slu.se
Hyphal growth of Botrytis cinerea 40 35 30 Hyphal growth (mm) 25 20 15 10 5 0 Day 6 Day 10 Axis Title control SBE Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences www.slu.se
SBE induce PR1 (marker for plant immunity) Con BABA SBE PR1 Moushib et al EJPP, patented Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences www.slu.se
SBE • Not direct toxic to pathogens • Activate plant immune system • Active componds unknown • Upscaling (concentration) and formulation needed –now at 600 l level (Norups Gård) • Field testing in several systems • Combinations with fungicides? • Greening Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences www.slu.se
How frequent are plant immunity active in nature and agriculture? -Why do we get results that varies Lankinen et al 2018, PloS One 13(11):e0207253 Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences www.slu.se
Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences www.slu.se
Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences www.slu.se
July and August Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences www.slu.se
Resistance Biology Unit, Department of Plant Protection Biology, SLU Alnarp Erland Liljeroth Svante Resjö Marit Lenman Mia Mogren Sophie Brouwer Nam Kieu Phuong Awais Zahid Helena Mattisson Salla Maartilla Eu Sheng Wang Erik Alexandersson Erik Andreasson Marc Gislain, CIP Kenya, Jonathan Jones, Sainsbury Lab, UK, Åsa Lankinen, SLU Thanks to: Mistra, SSF (strategiska stiftelsen), Formas, SLF, SLU, VR, Plant Link, EU (SJV) Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences www.slu.se
Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences www.slu.se
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