Data Sources Bureau of Justice Statistics Federal Bureau of - - PDF document

▶
data sources
SMART_READER_LITE
LIVE PREVIEW

Data Sources Bureau of Justice Statistics Federal Bureau of - - PDF document

Sep 22, 2023 668 likes •957 views

9/5/2017 South Carolina Data Analysis Part 1: Prison Trends Sentencing Reform Oversight Committee September 5 th , 2017 1 Pretrial Population Introduction Data Sources Bureau of Justice Statistics Federal Bureau of Investigation,

slide-1
SLIDE 1

9/5/2017 1

1

South Carolina Data Analysis Part 1: Prison Trends

Sentencing Reform Oversight Committee September 5th, 2017

2

Pretrial Population

Data Sources

  • Bureau of Justice Statistics
  • Federal Bureau of Investigation, Uniform Crime Report
  • United States Census Bureau
  • South Carolina Department of Corrections

– Prison admissions, 2007-2016 – Prison releases, 2007-2016 – Annual snapshots of the prison population, June 30th, 2007-2016

  • South Carolina Department of Probation, Parole, and Pardon

Services – Case closures, 2007-2016 – Compliance violation revocations, 2010-2016

Introduction

slide-2
SLIDE 2

9/5/2017 2

3

Pretrial Population

Definition of Terms: Admission Types

  • Newly sentenced prisoner

– Admission to prison for a court-ordered sentence at the time of conviction.

  • Revocation

– Admission to prison for violating the terms of community supervision.

  • Compliance violation revocation: Admission to prison for failing to

comply with a rule or rules that one is required to follow while under supervision (e.g. missing a meeting, using drugs, willful nonpayment of fines or fees, etc).

  • New crime revocation: Admission to prison for committing a new
  • ffense while on supervision.

Introduction

4

Pretrial Population

Definition of Terms: Length of Stay

  • Sentence

– The court-ordered, Parole Board-ordered, or Department of Probation, Parole, and Pardon Services hearing officer-ordered period of incarceration (does not include terms of suspended incarceration).

  • Time served for people in prison

– The amount of time a person in prison has served as of the last day

  • f the fiscal year.
  • Longest-serving inmates

– Those people who have served longer than 10 years in prison.

Introduction

slide-3
SLIDE 3

9/5/2017 3

5

Pretrial Population

Definition of Terms: Offense Types

  • Offense

– The most serious offense at commitment. The most serious offense is determined by SCDC and considers the nature of the crime (violent or nonviolent) and the maximum penalty allowed.

  • Violent offense

– Any crime that was defined as violent in statute at the time of conviction.

  • Nonviolent offense

– Any crime that was not defined as violent in statute at the time of conviction.

Introduction

6

Pretrial Population

Definition of Terms: Prior Commitments

  • Prior commitments

– Previous prison stays in SCDC and previous out-of-state prison stays.

  • Does not include previous misdemeanor incarcerations that were

not served in SCDC, felony or misdemeanor probation sentences, specialty court sentences, or pre-trial diversion sentences.

Introduction

slide-4
SLIDE 4

9/5/2017 4

7

Pretrial Population

Outline

  • Prison trends since Justice Reinvestment
  • Taking a second look: issues worth examining
  • Summary of takeaways
  • Topics for next data meeting
  • Questions

Introduction

8

PRISON TRENDS SINCE JUSTICE REINVESTMENT

slide-5
SLIDE 5

9/5/2017 5

9

Pretrial Population

23,161 20,951 27,903 5,000 10,000 15,000 20,000 25,000 30,000 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016

Prison Population by FY

Actual Year-End Prison Population by FY Baseline Population Projection Absent Reform

Prison Population Declined 14% After Reform

Prison Trends Since Justice Reinvestment

Source: South Carolina Department of Corrections and Applied Research Services JRI Reforms, Part I

*Prison population is the in-custody population

10

Pretrial Population

Crime Rate Continued to Decline After Reform

Source: FBI Uniform Crime Report

5,137 3,798

1,000 2,000 3,000 4,000 5,000 6,000 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015

Index Crime Rate per 100,000 Residents by CY

JRI Reforms, Part I

Prison Trends Since Justice Reinvestment

slide-6
SLIDE 6

9/5/2017 6

11

Pretrial Population

Recidivism Rate Declining Since Late 2000s; Down Nearly 10% Since Reform

Source: SCDC Report to SROC, Nov. 2016

Prison Trends Since Justice Reinvestment

32.7% 24.9%

0% 5% 10% 15% 20% 25% 30% 35% 40% 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012

3 Year Recidivism Rate* by FY

*Percentage of inmates released in each year who returned to SCDC within 3 years or less. JRI Reforms, Part I

12

Pretrial Population

Imprisonment Rate* Fell From 11th in Nation to 19th; Still Higher than National Average

Source: Bureau of Justice Statistics

State 2015 Rate Louisiana 778 Oklahoma 719 Alabama 613 Mississippi 609 Arizona 600 Arkansas 593 Texas 572 Missouri 531 Georgia 506 Florida 500 Kentucky 490 Virginia 458 Ohio 450 Nevada 448 Delaware 443 Idaho 438 Michigan 430 Tennessee 427 South Carolina 416 State Average 402 State 2010 Rate Louisiana 868 Mississippi 686 Oklahoma 652 Texas 652 Alabama 642 Arizona 599 Georgia 563 Florida 554 Arkansas 553 Missouri 511 South Carolina 492 Idaho 473 Virginia 466 Nevada 464 Kentucky 459 Colorado 452 Ohio 448 Michigan 447 California 440 Delaware 440 State Average 439

Prison Trends Since Justice Reinvestment

*The number of prisoners with sentences greater than one year for every 100,000 residents of the state.

slide-7
SLIDE 7

9/5/2017 7

13

Pretrial Population

Prison Admissions Have Decreased 30% Since Reform

Source: South Carolina Department of Corrections

Prison Trends Since Justice Reinvestment

12,518 8,765

2,000 4,000 6,000 8,000 10,000 12,000 14,000 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016

Prison Admissions by FY

14

Pretrial Population

Majority of Reduction in Admissions Due to Nonviolent Offenses

Source: South Carolina Department of Corrections

Prison Trends Since Justice Reinvestment

10,455 6,805 2,044 1,939

2,000 4,000 6,000 8,000 10,000 12,000 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016

Admissions by Commitment Type by FY Nonviolent Violent

slide-8
SLIDE 8

9/5/2017 8

15

Pretrial Population

Reduction in Nonviolent Admissions Seen Across Property, Drug, and Other Offense Types

Prison Trends Since Justice Reinvestment

4,431 3,002 4,051 2,513 2,004 1,313

500 1,000 1,500 2,000 2,500 3,000 3,500 4,000 4,500 5,000 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016

Admissions by Offense Type by FY Property Other Drug

Source: South Carolina Department of Corrections

16

Pretrial Population

Admission Reductions Across All Sentence Length Categories; Greatest Reduction in Admissions with Short Sentences

Source: South Carolina Department of Corrections

Prison Trends Since Justice Reinvestment

2,475 3,427 1,852 1,772 1,426 1,432 2,591 1,559 1,415 1,027 500 1,000 1,500 2,000 2,500 3,000 3,500 4,000 Less than 1 yr 1 - 3 yrs 3 - 5 yrs 5 - 10 yrs 10 years or more

Admissions by Sentence Length, FY 2010 & 2016 2010 2016

slide-9
SLIDE 9

9/5/2017 9

17

Pretrial Population

Reduction in Admissions Across Racial Categories; Largest Reduction For Black Population

Source: South Carolina Department of Corrections

Prison Trends Since Justice Reinvestment

7,678 4,607 4,504 3,986

336 172 1,000 2,000 3,000 4,000 5,000 6,000 7,000 8,000 9,000 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016

Admissions by Race by FY Black White Other

18

Pretrial Population

Racial Disparity in Admissions Reduced, But Still Present

Source: US Census Bureau & South Carolina Department of Corrections

White 45% Black 53%

Other 2%

Admissions by Race, FY 2016 White 63% Black 27%

Hispanic 6% Other 4%

South Carolina Resident Population by Race, CY 2016

Prison Trends Since Justice Reinvestment

slide-10
SLIDE 10

9/5/2017 10

19

TAKING A SECOND LOOK: ISSUES WORTH EXAMINING

20

Pretrial Population

Outline

  • Prison trends since Justice Reinvestment
  • Taking a second look: issues worth examining

– Despite decline, 78% of admissions to prison are for nonviolent crimes – 1 in 4 admissions to prison are revocations for compliance violations – Time served for people in prison up 29% since 2010

  • Summary of takeaways
  • Topics for next data meeting
  • Questions

Nonviolent Admissions

slide-11
SLIDE 11

9/5/2017 11

21

Pretrial Population

Nonviolent Admissions Have Declined 35% Since 2010

Nonviolent Admissions

Source: South Carolina Department of Corrections

10,455 6,805 2,044 1,939

2,000 4,000 6,000 8,000 10,000 12,000 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016

Admissions by Commitment Type by FY Nonviolent Violent

22

Violent 22% Nonviolent 78%

Admissions by Commitment Type, FY 2016

Violent 22% Drug 15% Property 34% Other 29%

Admissions by Offense Type, FY 2016

78% of Admissions Are for Nonviolent Crimes

Nonviolent Admissions

Source: South Carolina Department of Corrections

slide-12
SLIDE 12

9/5/2017 12

23

Pretrial Population

7 of Top 10 Admissions Offenses are Nonviolent; 4 Drug-Related

Top 10 Offenses at Admission in FY 2016 Offense Number of Admissions Burglary (2nd degree nonviolent and 3rd degree) 952 Commercial drug offense 668 Possession drug offense 525 Assault and battery – nonviolent 504 Shoplifting 497 Forgery/fraud 475 Burglary (2nd degree violent) 312 Common law robbery 288 Manufacture methamphetamine 280 Trafficking controlled substances 271

Nonviolent Admissions

Source: South Carolina Department of Corrections

24

Pretrial Population

Sentences for Common Offenses at Admission Vary

Source: South Carolina Department of Corrections

Top 10 Offenses at Admission in FY 2016 Offense Mean Sentence (Months) Burglary (2nd degree nonviolent and 3rd degree) 42 Commercial drug offense 50 Possession drug offense 20 Assault and battery – nonviolent 40 Shoplifting 28 Forgery/fraud 23 Burglary (2nd degree violent) 75 Common law robbery 67 Manufacture methamphetamine 47 Trafficking controlled substance 97

Nonviolent Admissions

Number of Admissions Combined Sentences 952 39,984 668 33,400 525 10,500 504 20,160 497 13,916 475 10,925 312 23,400 288 19,296 280 13,160 271 26,287

slide-13
SLIDE 13

9/5/2017 13

25

Pretrial Population

Uptick in Female Admissions Since 2015

Source: South Carolina Department of Corrections

Nonviolent Admissions

1,343 968 1,102

200 400 600 800 1,000 1,200 1,400 1,600 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016

Female Prison Admissions by FY

26

Pretrial Population

Female Admissions Are Predominately for Nonviolent Offenses

Nonviolent Admissions

Violent 12% Drug 20% Property 43% Other 25%

Female Admissions by Offense Type, FY 2016

Source: South Carolina Department of Corrections

slide-14
SLIDE 14

9/5/2017 14

27

Pretrial Population

9 of Top 10 Offenses for Female Admissions Are Nonviolent

Top 10 Offenses at Admission for Females in FY 2016 Offense Number of Admissions Forgery/fraud 146 Shoplifting 142 Possession drug offense 133 Child abuse/neglect 80 Burglary (2nd degree nonviolent and 3rd degree) 65 Commercial drug offense 56 Manufacture methamphetamine 56 Grand larceny 38 Assault and battery – nonviolent 28 Driving without license/driving on suspended license 23

Nonviolent Admissions

Source: South Carolina Department of Corrections

28

Pretrial Population

Variation in Nonviolent Admission Rate by Judicial District

Nonviolent Prison Admission Rate*, by Judicial District, Newly Sentenced Prisoners, FY 2016

125+ 100-125 75-100 Less than 75 Source: South Carolina Department of Corrections & US Census Bureau

Nonviolent Admissions

*The number of people sentenced to prison for nonviolent crimes from each judicial district per 100,000 residents.

slide-15
SLIDE 15

9/5/2017 15

29

Pretrial Population

Variation in Nonviolent Admission Rate by Judicial District

Clarendon, Lee, Sumter, Williamsburg Union, York Greenville, Pickens Aiken, Bamberg, Barnwell Calhoun, Dorchester, Orangeburg Kershaw, Richland

Nonviolent Admissions

Source: South Carolina Department of Corrections & US Census Bureau

Cherokee, Spartanburg Greenwood, Laurens, Newberry, Abbeville Florence, Marion Allendale, Beaufort, Colleton, Hampton, Jasper Georgetown, Horry Chesterfield, Darlington, Dillon, Marlboro Aiken, Bamberg, Barnwell Edgefield, Lexington, McCormick, Saluda Chester, Fairfield, Lancaster Berkeley, Charleston Anderson, Oconee *The number of people sentenced to prison for nonviolent crimes from each judicial district per 100,000 residents. 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160

5 14 10 9 1 6 11 13 2 4 16 3 15 8 12 7

Judicial District

Nonviolent Prison Admission Rate* by Judicial District, Newly Sentenced Prisoners, FY 2016

30

Pretrial Population

Outline

  • Prison trends since Justice Reinvestment
  • Taking a second look: issues worth examining

– Despite decline, 78% of admissions to prison are for nonviolent crimes – 1 in 4 admissions to prison are revocations for compliance violations – Time served for people in prison up 29% since 2010

  • Summary of takeaways
  • Topics for next data meeting
  • Questions

Revocations for Compliance Violations

slide-16
SLIDE 16

9/5/2017 16

31

Pretrial Population Revocations for Compliance Violations

Supervision Revocations Make Up 31% of All Prison Admissions

Newly Sentenced Prisoner 69% Supervision Revocation 31%

Admissions by Admission Type, FY 2016

Source: South Carolina Department of Corrections & South Carolina Department of Probation, Parole, and Pardon Services

32

Pretrial Population

Admissions for Revocations Down 30% Percent Since 2010, Up Slightly in Last Year

Revocations for Compliance Violations

3,872 2,717

500 1,000 1,500 2,000 2,500 3,000 3,500 4,000 4,500 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016

Admissions for Supervision Revocations by FY

Source: South Carolina Department of Corrections & South Carolina Department of Probation, Parole, and Pardon Services

slide-17
SLIDE 17

9/5/2017 17

33

New Crime Revocation 18% Compliance Violations 82%

Revocations by Violation Type, FY 2016

Supervision Revocation 31% Newly Sentenced Prisoner 69%

Admissions by Admission Type, FY 2016

Over 80% of Revocations Due to Compliance Violations; 1 in 4 Prison Admissions Are for Compliance Violations

Revocations for Compliance Violations

Source: South Carolina Department of Corrections & South Carolina Department of Probation, Parole, and Pardon Services

34

Pretrial Population

Nearly 90% of Compliance Violation Revocations Have Underlying Nonviolent Offense

Revocations for Compliance Violations

Violent 11% Drug 16% Property 44% Other 29%

Compliance Violation Revocations by Underlying Offense Type, FY 2016

Source: South Carolina Department of Corrections & South Carolina Department of Probation, Parole, and Pardon Services

slide-18
SLIDE 18

9/5/2017 18

35

Pretrial Population

On Average, Compliance Violation Revocations Are Sentenced to Nearly 3 Years in Prison, Up Slightly Since 2010

Revocations for Compliance Violations

33 35

5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 2010 2016 Months Average Sentence Length at Admission, Compliance Violation Revocations, FY 2010 & 2016 Source: South Carolina Department of Corrections & South Carolina Department of Probation, Parole, and Pardon Services

36

Pretrial Population

Outline

  • Prison trends since Justice Reinvestment
  • Taking a second look: issues worth examining

– Despite decline, 78% of admissions to prison are for nonviolent crimes – 1 in 4 admissions to prison are revocations for compliance violations – Time served for people in prison up 29% since 2010

  • Summary of takeaways
  • Topics for next data meeting
  • Questions

Average Time Served for People in Prison

slide-19
SLIDE 19

9/5/2017 19

37

Pretrial Population

Admissions Decreasing at Twice the Rate of Prison Population

Source: South Carolina Department of Corrections

24,717 21,255 12,518 8,765

5,000 10,000 15,000 20,000 25,000 30,000 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016

Prison Admissions and Prison Population by FY Prison Population Admissions

  • 14%
  • 30%

Average Time Served for People in Prison

*Prison population is the jurisdictional population

38

Pretrial Population

2% 18% 8% 32% 10% 19% 18% 18% 63% 13% 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%

Prison Population Admissions Admissions and Prison Population by Sentence Length Group, FY 2016 10 years or more 5 - 10 yrs 3 - 5 yrs 1 - 3 yrs Less than 1 yr

Prison Population Has Longer Sentences Than Prison Admissions

Average Time Served for People in Prison

Source: South Carolina Department of Corrections

slide-20
SLIDE 20

9/5/2017 20

39

Pretrial Population

Average Time Served for People in Prison Has Increased 29% Since 2010

55 71

10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80

2010 2016

Months

Average Time Served, Prison Population, FY 2010 & 2016

Average Time Served for People in Prison

Source: South Carolina Department of Corrections

40

Pretrial Population

8,276 5,954 3,068 3,999 3,420 6,219 4,547 2,360 3,839 4,290 1,000 2,000 3,000 4,000 5,000 6,000 7,000 8,000 9,000

Less than 1 yr 1 - 3 yrs 3 - 5 yrs 5 - 10 yrs 10 yrs or more Prison Population by Time Served Category, FY 2010 & FY 2016 2010 2016

Since 2010, Increase in Number of Longest- Serving Inmates

Average Time Served for People in Prison

Source: South Carolina Department of Corrections

slide-21
SLIDE 21

9/5/2017 21

41

Pretrial Population

1,559 2,913 1,861 1,377 500 1,000 1,500 2,000 2,500 3,000 3,500 4,000 4,500 5,000 2010 2016

Prison Population That Has Served 10+ Years, FY 2010 & 2016 Parole Eligible Not Parole Eligible

Among Longest-Serving Inmates, Fewer Are Parole Eligible Since 2010

Source: South Carolina Department of Corrections

Average Time Served for People in Prison

*Parole eligibility based on most serious offense

42

Parole Eligible 54% Not Parole Eligible 46%

Prison Population That Has Served 10+ Years, FY 2010

Parole Eligible 32% Not Parole Eligible 68%

Prison Population That Has Served 10+ years, FY 2016

More than 2/3 of Today’s Longest-Serving Inmates Are Not Eligible for Parole

Average Time Served for People in Prison

Source: South Carolina Department of Corrections

slide-22
SLIDE 22

9/5/2017 22

43

Pretrial Population

Of Longest-Serving Inmate Population, All 10 Top Offenses Are Violent; 9 of 10 Are Person Crimes

Most Common Offenses of People in Prison Who Have Served 10+ Years in FY 2016 Offense Number in Prison Average Time Served (Months) Murder 1,621 260 Armed robbery 483 181 Kidnapping 443 221 Voluntary manslaughter 357 183 Burglary (1st degree) 312 181 Criminal sex conduct (1st degree and 2nd degree) 275 232 Trafficking controlled substance 218 167 Criminal sex conduct w/minor (1st degree and 2nd degree) 198 174 Assault and battery – high and aggravated nature 126 175 Transportation offenses that result in death – violent 52 162

Average Time Served for People in Prison

Source: South Carolina Department of Corrections

44

Pretrial Population

Majority of Longest-Serving Inmates Have No Prior Commitments to Prison

No Prior Commitments 59% Prior Commitments 41%

Prison Population That Has Served 10+ Years by Prior Commitments, FY 2016

Average Time Served for People in Prison

Source: South Carolina Department of Corrections

slide-23
SLIDE 23

9/5/2017 23

45

Most Longest-Serving Inmates Were Younger than 30 When Admitted; Largest Group Today Are 50 or Older

20-29 2% 30-39 27% 40-49 30% 50 or Older 41%

Current Age of Prison Population That Has Served 10+ Years, FY 2016

Under 20 14% 20-29 45% 30-39 26% 40-49 12% 50 or Older 3%

Age at Admission for Prison Population That Has Served 10+ Years, FY 2016

Average Time Served for People in Prison

Source: South Carolina Department of Corrections

46

Pretrial Population

Outline

  • Prison trends since Justice Reinvestment
  • Taking a second look: issues worth examining
  • Summary of takeaways
  • Topics for next data meeting
  • Questions

Conclusion

slide-24
SLIDE 24

9/5/2017 24

47

Pretrial Population

Summary of Takeaways

  • Prison trends since Justice Reinvestment in 2010:

– Prison population declined by 14%; crime rate declined by 16%; recidivism rate declined by nearly 10%. – Imprisonment rate fell from 11th in the nation to 19th; still higher than the national average. – Admissions to prison declined by 30%, driven in large part by declines in nonviolent admissions and admissions with short sentences.

  • Admissions declined across racial categories, with the

largest reduction for the black population.

Summary of Takeaways

Source: South Carolina Department of Corrections

48

Pretrial Population

Summary of Takeaways

  • Despite decline, 78% of admissions to prison are for

nonviolent crimes: – 7 of the top 10 most common offenses at admission are nonviolent; 4 are drug offenses. – Uptick in female admissions in last year; female admissions are predominately nonviolent. – Wide range in nonviolent admission rate by judicial district.

Summary of Takeaways

Source: South Carolina Department of Corrections

slide-25
SLIDE 25

9/5/2017 25

49

Pretrial Population

Summary of Takeaways

  • 1 in 4 admissions to prison are revocations for compliance

violations: – Almost 90% of revocations for compliance violations have underlying nonviolent offenses. – On average, revocations for compliance violations are sentenced to nearly 3 years in prison.

Summary of Takeaways

Source: South Carolina Department of Corrections & South Carolina Department of Probation, Parole, and Pardon Services

50

Pretrial Population

Summary of Takeaways

  • Average time served for people in prison up 29% since

2010: – South Carolina has seen an increase in the number of longest-serving inmates in prison. – Among longest-serving inmates, today fewer than 1/3 are parole eligible, down from more than half in 2010.

Summary of Takeaways

Source: South Carolina Department of Corrections

slide-26
SLIDE 26

9/5/2017 26

51

Pretrial Population

Topics for Next Data Meeting

Topics for Next Data Meeting

  • Trends in release;
  • Trends in community supervision; and
  • Answers to your questions.

Timeline for Next Data Meeting

  • Earliest day for draft of presentation to SROC: Sept. 28th
  • Earliest day for next SROC meeting: week of Oct. 2nd

52

Questions?

slide-27
SLIDE 27

9/5/2017 27

53

Contact Information

  • Michelle Russell

– Office: (202) 552-2270 – Email: mrussell@pewtrusts.org

  • Laura Bennett

– Office: (202) 552-2028 – Email: lbennett@pewtrusts.org

  • Public Safety Performance Project

– www.pewtrusts.org/publicsafety