D e c e n t r a l i z e d I n t e r n e t A r - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

SLIDE 1

D e c e n t r a l i z e d I n t e r n e t A r c h i v e

u s i n g t h e C

• t

h

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i t y f r a me wo r k

N i c

• l

a s P L A N C H E R E L P r

• f

. B r y a n F O R D E l e f t h e r i

• s

K O K O R I S K O G I A S K i r i l l N I K I T I N

D e c e n t r a l i z e d a n d D i s t r i b u t e d S y s t e ms ( D E D I S ) S c h

• l
• f

C

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u t e r a n d C

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n i c a t i

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S c i e n c e s ( I C ) É c

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e P

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y t e c h n i q u e F é d é r a l e d e L a u s a n n e ( E P F L ) E P F L , M a s t e r T h e s i s

• r

a l p r e s e n t a t i

• n

F e b r u a r y 2 1 8

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O u t l i n e



M

• t

i v a t i

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

D e s c r i p t i

• n



E v a l u a t i

• n

A n d D i s c u s s i

• n

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D e mo



C

• n

c l u s i

• n

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M O T I V A T I O N

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Mo t i v a t i

• n

O b j e c t i v e s  C r e a t e a c e n s

• r

s h i p r e s i s t a n t i n t e r n e t a r c h i v e

• A

r c h i v i n g a v

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d i n g t a mp e r i n g

• r

d e l e t i

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( b y

• n

e

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a s ma l l c

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l u s i

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• f

e n t i t y )

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t

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e

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l y r e l e v a n t c

• n

t e n t

• P
• s

s i b l i t y t

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h e c k i n t e g r i t y

• n

c e a r c h i v e d

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s i d e r t h a t t h e c e n s

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c a n t r y t

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d d , mo d i f y

• r

d e l e t e d a t a

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Mo t i v a t i

• n

C

• n

t e x t

• C

e n t r a l i z e d I n t e r n e t

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Mo t i v a t i

• n

C

• n

t e x t

• C

e n t r a l i z e d I n t e r n e t

✗ M a l i c i

• u

s a c t

• r

t h a t t a mp e r d a t a

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Mo t i v a t i

• n

C

• n

t e x t

• C

e n t r a l i z e d I n t e r n e t

✗ M a l i c i

• u

s a c t

• r

t h a t t a mp e r d a t a ✗ We a k r e a g a r d i n g t

• l
• n

g

• t

e r m a v a i l a b i l i t y

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Mo t i v a t i

• n

C

• n

t e x t – C e n t r a l i z e d I n t e r n e t

• A

r c h i v e .

• r

g

✗ M a l i c i

• u

s a c t

• r

t h a t t a mp e r d a t a ✗ We a k r e a g a r d i n g t

• l
• n

g

• t

e r m a v a i l a b i l i t y ✔ A r c h i v i n g ! (

• n

d e ma n d )

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Mo t i v a t i

• n

C

• n

t e x t – C e n t r a l i z e d I n t e r n e t

• A

r c h i v e .

• r

g

✗ M a l i c i

• u

s a c t

• r

t h a t t a mp e r d a t a ✗ We a k r e a g a r d i n g t

• l
• n

g

• t

e r m a v a i l a b i l i t y ✔ A r c h i v i n g ! ✗ S t i l l v u l n e r a b l e t

• ma

l i c i

• u

s a r c h i v e !

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Mo t i v a t i

• n

C

• n

t e x t

• D

e c e n t r a l i z e d I n t e r n e t – Z e r

• N

e t

✔ D i s t r i b u t e d B y D e s i g n ! ✔ S t r

• n

g r e g a r d i n g l

• n

g

• t

e r m a v a l i l a b i l i t y ✔ C e n s

• r

s h i p r e s i s t a n t ✗ N

• i

n t e r a c t i

• n

w i t h t

• d

a y ’ s i n t e r n e t

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Mo t i v a t i

• n

O v e r v i e w

 C

e n t r a l i z e d I n t e r n e t i s v u l n e r a b l e t

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e n s

• r

s h i p

• M

a l i c i

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s a c t

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e l e t i

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a n d T a mp e r i n g

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u t i

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s e x s i t s b u t s t i l l h a v e w e a k n e s s e s

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e n t r a l i z e d : A r c h i v e .

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g

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e c e n t r a l i z e d : Z e r

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e t

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e d e v e l

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e d a D e c e n t r a l i z e d I n t e r n e t A r c h i v e

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D E S C R I P T I O N

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D e s c r i p t i

• n

O b j e c t i v e s  C r e a t e a c e n s

• r

s h i p r e s i s t a n t i n t e r n e t a r c h i v e

• A

v

• i

d T a mp e r i n g u s i n g d e c e n t r a l i z e d s t

• r

a g e s y s t e m : S k i p c h a i n

• F

i l t e r c

• n

t e n t b y r e a c h i n g a c

• n

s e n s u s

• n

t h e c

• n

t e n t

• f

t h e w e b p a g e

• U

s i n g t h e C

• S

i S e r v i c e

• f

t h e C

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h

• r

i t h y f r a me w

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k ( c

• l

l e c t i v e s i g n a t u r e )

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v

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d a d d i n g ma l i c i

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s d a t a u s i n g a t r u s t e d r e f e r e n c e t

• ma

k e a c

• n

s e n s u s

• n

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D e s c r i p t i

• n

O b j e c t i v e s

 O p e r a t i

• n

s

• S

a v e

• C
• n

s e n s u s

• n

t h e c

• n

t e n t

• f

t h e w e b p a g e

• C
• l

l e c t i v e l y S i g n t h e c

• mmo

n s u b s e t

• f

t h e p a g e

• S

t

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e t h e s i g n e d p a g e

• n

t h e s k i p c h a i n

• R

e t r i e v e

• G

e t t h e c

• r

r e c t s i g n e d p a g e

• V

e r i f y t h e s i g n a t u r e

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D e s c r i p t i

• n

H i g h

• L

e v e l

S a v i n g / R e c e i v i n g S e r v i c e S k i p c h a i n H a n d l i n g S e r v i c e

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D e s c r i p t i

• n

S a v i n g ( wi t h a t r e e

• b

a s e d c

• n

s e n u s p r

• t
• c
• l

)

1 . R e q u e s t w e b p a g e

1 . S a v e R e q u e s t

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D e s c r i p t i

• n

S a v i n g ( wi t h a t r e e

• b

a s e d c

• n

s e n u s p r

• t
• c
• l

)

1 . R e q u e s t w e b p a g e 2 . L e a d e r g e t p a g e

1 . S a v e R e q u e s t 2 . G e t w e b p a g e

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D e s c r i p t i

• n

S a v i n g ( wi t h a t r e e

• b

a s e d c

• n

s e n u s p r

• t
• c
• l

)

1 . R e q u e s t w e b p a g e 2 . L e a d e r g e t p a g e 3 . L e a d e r t r a n s mi t u r l a n d t r e e

1 . S a v e R e q u e s t 2 . G e t w e b p a g e 3 . S e n d T r e e + u r l 3 . C r e a t e T r e e

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D e s c r i p t i

• n

S a v i n g ( wi t h a t r e e

• b

a s e d c

• n

s e n u s p r

• t
• c
• l

)

1 . R e q u e s t w e b p a g e 2 . L e a d e r g e t p a g e 3 . L e a d e r t r a n s mi t u r l a n d t r e e 4 . E v e r y c h i l d g e t

• w

n t r e e a n d s e n d c

• mmo

n p a r t s

1 . S a v e R e q u e s t 2 . G e t w e b p a g e 3 . S e n d T r e e + u r l 3 . C r e a t e T r e e 4 . C r e a t e T r e e 4 . C r e a t e T r e e 4 . S e n d S e e n 4 . S e n d S e e n 4 . G e t w e b p a g e 4 . G e t w e b p a g e

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D e s c r i p t i

• n

S a v i n g ( wi t h a t r e e

• b

a s e d c

• n

s e n u s p r

• t
• c
• l

)

1 . R e q u e s t w e b p a g e 2 . L e a d e r g e t p a g e 3 . L e a d e r t r a n s mi t u r l a n d t r e e 4 . E v e r y c h i l d g e t

• w

n t r e e a n d s e n d c

• mmo

n p a r t s 5 . L e a d e r c r e a t e c

• mmo

n t r e e

1 . S a v e R e q u e s t 2 . G e t w e b p a g e 3 . S e n d T r e e + u r l 3 . C r e a t e T r e e 4 . C r e a t e T r e e 4 . C r e a t e T r e e 4 . S e n d S e e n 4 . S e n d S e e n 4 . G e t w e b p a g e 4 . G e t w e b p a g e 5 . G e t w e b p a g e 5 . C r e a t e T r e e 5 . C r e a t e C

• mmo

n T r e e

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D e s c r i p t i

• n

S a v i n g – C r e a t i n g t h e H T ML t r e e

< ! d

• c

t y p e h t ml > < h t ml l a n g = " e n " > < h e a d > < me t a c h a r s e t = " U T F

• 8

" > < l i n k r e l = " s t y l e s h e e t " h r e f = " c s s / s t y l e . c s s " > < / h e a d > < b

• d

y > < h 1 > D E C E N A R C H < / h 1 > < / b

• d

y > < / h t ml >

 G e t H t ml C

• d

e

 A w e b p a g e c

• n

s i s t s

• f
• A

n h t ml c

• d

e t e x t

• A

d d i t i

• n

a l D a t a

• I

ma g e s

• C

S S f l e ( s )

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D e s c r i p t i

• n

S a v i n g – C r e a t i n g t h e H T ML t r e e

< ! d

• c

t y p e h t ml > < h t ml l a n g = " e n " > < h e a d > < me t a c h a r s e t = " U T F

• 8

" > < l i n k r e l = " s t y l e s h e e t " h r e f = " c s s / s t y l e . c s s " > < / h e a d > < b

• d

y > < h 1 > D E C E N A R C H < / h 1 > < / b

• d

y > < / h t ml >

 G e t H t ml C

• d

e  I n f e r H t ml T r e e f r

• m

c

• d

e

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D e s c r i p t i

• n

S a v i n g – C r e a t i n g t h e H T ML t r e e

< ! d

• c

t y p e h t ml > < h t ml l a n g = " e n " > < h e a d > < me t a c h a r s e t = " U T F

• 8

" > < l i n k r e l = " s t y l e s h e e t " h r e f = " c s s / s t y l e . c s s " > < / h e a d > < b

• d

y > < h 1 > D E C E N A R C H < / h 1 > < / b

• d

y > < / h t ml >

 G e t H t ml C

• d

e  I n f e r H t ml T r e e f r

• m

c

• d

e  H a s h t h e d a t a

• f

e v e r y n

• d

e i n d i v i d u a l l y

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D e s c r i p t i

• n

S a v i n g – S i g n i n g t h e H T ML t r e e

< ! d

• c

t y p e h t ml > < h t ml l a n g = " e n " > < h e a d > < me t a c h a r s e t = " U T F

• 8

" > < l i n k r e l = " s t y l e s h e e t " h r e f = " c s s / s t y l e . c s s " > < / h e a d > < b

• d

y > < h 1 > D E C E N A R C H < / h 1 > < / b

• d

y > < / h t ml >

 L e a d e r ’ s M a s t e r T r e e

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D e s c r i p t i

• n

S a v i n g – S i g n i n g t h e H T ML t r e e

< ! d

• c

t y p e h t ml > < h t ml l a n g = " e n " > < h e a d > < me t a c h a r s e t = " U T F

• 8

" > < l i n k r e l = " s t y l e s h e e t " h r e f = " c s s / s t y l e . c s s " > < / h e a d > < b

• d

y > < h 1 > D E C E N A R C H < / h 1 > < / b

• d

y > < / h t ml >

 C h i l d ’ s L

• c

a l T r e e  L e a d e r ’ s M a s t e r T r e e

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D e s c r i p t i

• n

S a v i n g – S i g n i n g t h e H T ML t r e e

< ! d

• c

t y p e h t ml > < h t ml l a n g = " e n " > < h e a d > < me t a c h a r s e t = " U T F

• 8

" > < l i n k r e l = " s t y l e s h e e t " h r e f = " c s s / s t y l e . c s s " > < / h e a d > < b

• d

y > < h 1 > D E C E N A R C H < / h 1 > < / b

• d

y > < / h t ml >

 L e a d e r ’ s M a s t e r T r e e  C h i l d ’ s L

• c

a l T r e e

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D e s c r i p t i

• n

S a v i n g – S i g n i n g t h e H T ML t r e e

< ! d

• c

t y p e h t ml > < h t ml l a n g = " e n " > < h e a d > < me t a c h a r s e t = " U T F

• 8

" > < l i n k r e l = " s t y l e s h e e t " h r e f = " c s s / s t y l e . c s s " > < / h e a d > < b

• d

y > < h 1 > D E C E N A R C H < / h 1 > < / b

• d

y > < / h t ml >

 L e a d e r ’ s M a s t e r T r e e  C h i l d ’ s L

• c

a l T r e e

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D e s c r i p t i

• n

S a v i n g – S i g n i n g t h e H T ML t r e e

< ! d

• c

t y p e h t ml > < h t ml l a n g = " e n " > < h e a d > < me t a c h a r s e t = " U T F

• 8

" > < l i n k r e l = " s t y l e s h e e t " h r e f = " c s s / s t y l e . c s s " > < / h e a d > < b

• d

y > < h 1 > D E C E N A R C H < / h 1 > < / b

• d

y > < / h t ml >

 L e a d e r ’ s M a s t e r T r e e  C h i l d ’ s L

• c

a l T r e e

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D e s c r i p t i

• n

S a v i n g – S i g n i n g t h e H T ML t r e e 

< ! d

• c

t y p e h t ml > < h t ml l a n g = " e n " > < h e a d > < me t a c h a r s e t = " U T F

• 8

" > < l i n k r e l = " s t y l e s h e e t " h r e f = " c s s / s t y l e . c s s " > < / h e a d > < b

• d

y > < h 1 > D E C E N A R C H < / h 1 > < / b

• d

y > < / h t ml >

 L e a d e r ’ s M a s t e r T r e e  C h i l d ’ s L

• c

a l T r e e

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D e s c r i p t i

• n

S a v i n g – S i g n i n g t h e H T ML t r e e

< ! d

• c

t y p e h t ml > < h t ml l a n g = " e n " > < h e a d > < me t a c h a r s e t = " U T F

• 8

" > < l i n k r e l = " s t y l e s h e e t " h r e f = " c s s / s t y l e . c s s " > < / h e a d > < b

• d

y > < h 1 > D E C E N A R C H < / h 1 > < / b

• d

y > < / h t ml >

 L e a d e r ’ s M a s t e r T r e e  C h i l d ’ s L

• c

a l T r e e

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D e s c r i p t i

• n

S a v i n g – S i g n i n g t h e H T ML t r e e

< ! d

• c

t y p e h t ml > < h t ml l a n g = " e n " > < h e a d > < me t a c h a r s e t = " U T F

• 8

" > < l i n k r e l = " s t y l e s h e e t " h r e f = " c s s / s t y l e . c s s " > < / h e a d > < b

• d

y > < h 1 > D E C E N A R C H < / h 1 > < / b

• d

y > < / h t ml >

 L e a d e r ’ s M a s t e r T r e e  C h i l d ’ s L

• c

a l T r e e

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D e s c r i p t i

• n

S a v i n g – S i g n i n g t h e H T ML t r e e

< ! d

• c

t y p e h t ml > < h t ml l a n g = " e n " > < h e a d > < me t a c h a r s e t = " U T F

• 8

" > < l i n k r e l = " s t y l e s h e e t " h r e f = " c s s / s t y l e . c s s " > < / h e a d > < b

• d

y > < h 1 > D E C E N A R C H < / h 1 > < / b

• d

y > < / h t ml >

 L e a d e r ’ s M a s t e r T r e e  C h i l d ’ s L

• c

a l T r e e  N

• d

e s i n B F S

• r

d e r  S e e n a r r a y 1

A

1

B

1

C

1

D

1

E F

1

G

1

H I

1

J

 S i g n a t u r e s i g n ( h

A

+ h

B

+ h

C

+ h

D

+ h

E

+ + h

G

+ h

H

+ + h

J

) A B C A D E F G H I J

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D e s c r i p t i

• n

S a v i n g

• A

g g r e g a t i

• n

 L e a d e r ’ s M a s t e r T r e e

 S e e n a r r a y s 1

A

1

B

1

C

1

D

1

E

1

F

1

G

1

H

1

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1

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1

A

1

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1

C

1

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1

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∑3

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3

B

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C

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D

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E

2

F

2

G

3

H

2

I

2

J

A B C A D E F G H I J

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D e s c r i p t i

• n

S a v i n g

• A

g g r e g a t i

• n

 L e a d e r ’ s M a s t e r T r e e

 S e e n a r r a y s 1

A

1

B

1

C

1

D

1

E

1

F

1

G

1

H

1

I

1

J

1

A

1

B

1

C

1

D

1

E F

1

G

1

H I

1

J

1

A

1

B

1

C D

1

E

1

F G

1

H

1

I J

∑3

A

3

B

3

C

2

D

3

E

2

F

2

G

3

H

2

I

2

J

 K e e p A , B , C , E , H O u t p u t h t ml c

• d

e c

• l

l e c t i v e l y s i g n e d

A B C A D E F G H I J

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D e s c r i p t i

• n

H a n d l i n g t h e S k i p c h a i n

S a v i n g / R e c e i v i n g S e r v i c e S k i p c h a i n H a n d l i n g S e r v i c e  We h a v e : A r e p r e s e n t a t i

• n
• f

t h e c

• mmo

n s u b s e t

• f

t h e p a g e , c

• l

l e c t i v e l y s i g n e d  We w a n t : A n e fc i e n t , t a mp e r i n g r e s i s t a n t s t

• r

a g e s y s t e m

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D e s c r i p t i

• n

R e t r i e v i n g t h e a r c h i v e d we b p a g e

1 . R e q u e s t U R L & t i me

1 . S e n d n e w d a t a .

1 . R e q u e s t U R L & t i me

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D e s c r i p t i

• n

R e t r i e v i n g t h e a r c h i v e d we b p a g e

1 . R e q u e s t U R L & t i me

1 . S e n d n e w d a t a . 2 . L

• k

i n b l

• c

k c h a i n t

• f

n d c

• r

r e c t d a t a

1 . R e q u e s t U R L & t i me

2 . = = U R L ? & & ≤ t i me

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D e s c r i p t i

• n

R e t r i e v i n g t h e a r c h i v e d we b p a g e

1 . R e q u e s t U R L & t i me

1 . S e n d n e w d a t a . 2 . L

• k

i n b l

• c

k c h a i n t

• f

n d c

• r

r e c t d a t a 3 . S e n d b a c k t h e d a t a

1 . R e q u e s t U R L & t i me

3 . S e n d b a c k d a t a 3 . V e r i f y s i g n a t u r e 3 . S e n d b a c k d a t a 3 . S a v e

• n

f s

2 . = = U R L ? & & ≤ t i me

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E V A L U A T I O N A N D D I S C U S S I O N

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E v a l u a t i

• n

a n d D i s c u s s i

• n

D

• e

s i t s c a l e s i n t e r ms

• f
• B

a n d w i d t h u s e ?

• T

i me c

• mp

l e x i t y ? T h e ‘ t r u s t e d l e a d e r ’ c

• n

s t r a i n t

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E v a l u a t i

• n

a n d D i s c u s s i

• n

E v a l u a t i

• n
• T

h e

• r

y N n u mb e r

• f

ma c h i n e s

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E v a l u a t i

• n

a n d D i s c u s s i

• n

E v a l u a t i

• n
• T

h e

• r

y N n u mb e r

• f

ma c h i n e s

< ! d

• c

t y p e h t ml > < h t ml l a n g = " e n " > < h e a d > < me t a c h a r s e t = " U T F

• 8

" > < l i n k r e l = " s t y l e s h e e t " h r e f = " c s s / s t y l e . c s s " > < / h e a d > < b

• d

y > < h 1 > D E C E N A R C H < / h 1 > < / b

• d

y > < / h t ml >

W s i z e

• f

t h e w e b p a g e K h t ml n

• d

e ’ s n u mb e r

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E v a l u a t i

• n

a n d D i s c u s s i

• n

E v a l u a t i

• n
• T

h e

• r

y N n u mb e r

• f

ma c h i n e s

< ! d

• c

t y p e h t ml > < h t ml l a n g = " e n " > < h e a d > < me t a c h a r s e t = " U T F

• 8

" > < l i n k r e l = " s t y l e s h e e t " h r e f = " c s s / s t y l e . c s s " > < / h e a d > < b

• d

y > < h 1 > D E C E N A R C H < / h 1 > < / b

• d

y > < / h t ml >

W s i z e

• f

t h e w e b p a g e K h t ml n

• d

e ’ s n u mb e r A a d d i t i

• n

a l r e s s

• u

r c e s ( i ma g e , c s s )

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E v a l u a t i

• n

a n d D i s c u s s i

• n

B a n d wi d t h

 V a r i a b l e s :

• N

n u mb e r

• f

ma c h i n e s .

• W

s i z e

• f

w e b p a g e .

B a n d w i d t h u s e i s l i n e a r O ( N · W · W)

• N

+ 1 r e q u e s t t

• t

h e d i s t a n t s e r v e r

• f

s i z e O ( W)

• F

i n i t e t

• t

a l n u mb e r

• f

me s s a g e

• f

s i z e O ( W)

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E v a l u a t i

• n

a n d D i s c u s s i

• n

E v a l u a t i

• n
• T

h e

• r

y

 V a r i a b l e s d e f n i t i

• n

s :

• N

n u mb e r

• f

ma c h i n e s .

• K

h t ml n

• d

e ’ s n u mb e r .

• A

t i me c

• s

t

• f

h a n d l i n g a d d i t i

• n

a l d a t a ( i ma g e , c s s )

• n
• n

e ma c h i n e .

O v e r a l l s a v e t i me c

• mp

l e x i t y i s p

• l

y n

• mi

a l O ( N · K · K ² + ( 1 + A ) A ) · N · N · K · K + N )

• T

r e e c

• mp

a r a i s

• n

a n d a g g r e g a t i

• n

i s i n O ( N · K · K ² )

• H

a n d l i n g t h e a d d i t i

• n

a l d a t a

• f

t h e w e b p a g e i s i n O ( A · N · N · K )

• S

t

• r

i n g t h e w e b s i t e i s i n O ( N · K )

• C
• l

l e c t i v e s i g n i n g i s i n O ( N )

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E v a l u a t i

• n

a n d D i s c u s s i

• n

E v a l u a t i

• n
• S

i mu l a t i

• n

s  S t a n d a r d i z e d We b s i t e  H t ml T r e e N

• d

e i n c r e a s e

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E v a l u a t i

• n

a n d D i s c u s s i

• n

E v a l u a t i

• n
• S

i mu l a t i

• n

s  R e a l

• L

i f e We b s i t e  H t ml T r e e N

• d

e i n c r e a s e  M a i n t i me c

• mp
• n

e n t : H a n d l i n g t h e a d d i t i

• n

a l d a t a .

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E v a l u a t i

• n

a n d D i s c u s s i

• n

E v a l u a t i

• n
• S

i mu l a t i

• n

s

 S t a n d a r d i z e d We b s i t e  C

• n
• d

e n b r i n c r e a s e

 M a i n t i me c

• mp
• n

e n t : T h e c

• n

s e n s u s  S e e ms l i n e a r b u t r e q u i r e a l a r g e r s i mu l a t i

• n

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E v a l u a t i

• n

a n d D i s c u s s i

• n

D i s c u s s i

• n

 Wh y t h e t r u s t e d l e a d e r ?

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E v a l u a t i

• n

a n d D i s c u s s i

• n

D i s c u s s i

• n

 Wh y t h e t r u s t e d l e a d e r ?

• Wh

y t h e t r e e s t r u c t u r e ?

• K

e e p a v a l i d h t ml d

• c

u me n t a n y t i me .

• G

r a n u l a r i t y .

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E v a l u a t i

• n

a n d D i s c u s s i

• n

D i s c u s s i

• n

 Wh y t h e t r u s t e d l e a d e r ?

• Wh

y t h e t r e e s t r u c t u r e ?

• K

e e p a v a l i d h t ml d

• c

u me n t a n y t i me .

• G

r a n u l a r i t y .

• Wh

y a r e f e r e n c e ?

• U

n i

• n
• f

T r e e i s N P .

• U

n d e t e r mi n i s t i c ma t c h i n g , d e p e n d s

• n
• r

d e r .

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" A n y t h i n g t h a t c a n g

• w

r

• n

g w i l l g

• w

r

• n

g " .

• M

u r p h y ’ s L a w

D E M O

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D e mo A i n ’ t n

• b
• d

y g

• t

t i me f

• r

d e mo

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C

• n

c l u s i

• n

 D e c e n t r a l i z e d I n t e r n e t A r c h i v e

• T

r e e

• b

a s e d c

• n

s e n s u s w i t h l a r g e s t c

• mmo

n s u b s e t

• D

e c e n t r a l i z e d s t

• r

a g e w i t h s k i p c h a i n

• H

a s a p

• l

y t i me c

• mp

l e x i t y i n O ( K ² · N )  I mp r

• v

e me n t s ?

• S

t

• r

a g e M a n a g e me n t

• A

d d i t i

• n

a l D a t a f l t e r i n g

• F

i n e r g r a n u l a r i t y

• C
• n

f d e n t i a l i t y

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C

• n

c l u s i

• n

 D e c e n t r a l i z e d I n t e r n e t A r c h i v e

• T

r e e

• b

a s e d c

• n

s e n s u s w i t h l a r g e s t c

• mmo

n s u b s e t

• D

e c e n t r a l i z e d s t

• r

a g e w i t h s k i p c h a i n

• H

a s a p

• l

y t i me c

• mp

l e x i t y i n O ( K ² · N )  I mp r

• v

e me n t s ?

• S

t

• r

a g e M a n a g e me n t

• A

d d i t i

• n

a l D a t a f l t e r i n g

• F

i n e r g r a n u l a r i t y

• C
• n

f d e n t i a l i t y

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R e f e r e n c e



[ g

• p

h e r ] T a k u y a U e d a , h t t p s : / / g i t h u b . c

• m/

g

• l

a n g

• s

a mp l e s / g

• p

h e r

• v

e c t

• r

[

M a s t e r T h e s i s ] P l a n c h e r e l N i c

• l

a s 2 1 8 , D e c e n t r a l i z e d I n t e r n e t A r c h i v e , E P F L